IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


■50  ^^*     HI^H 

E  Ht  ■■ 

£   IS    12.0 


IL25  in  1.4 


U& 


nj4 


1.6 


Photographic 

Sdeices 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

WIBSTH.N.Y.  MSM 

(7I6)I73-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICI\/IH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notat  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  anamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imegea  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  aigniflcantly  change 
the  uaual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


□    Coloured  covera/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covera  damaged/ 


D 


S 


D 
D 


D 


n 


Couverture  endommagte 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6a  et/ou  pelliculAe 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


r~~|    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartas  giographiquas  en  couleur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  qua  bleue  ou  noire) 


0   Coloured  plataa  and/or  illuatrations/ 
Planchaa  et/ou  illustrationa  an  coule 


couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rali*  avec  d'autrea  documents 

Tight  biiding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrie  peut  cauaar  da  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dana  la  texte. 
mais.  lorsqua  cela  ttait  possible,  cea  pagea  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmias. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentairas  supplimantairas: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  mailleur  axampleire 
qu'il  lui  a  it*  possible  de  se  procurer.  Las  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-*tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normale  de  filmaga 
aont  indiquta  ci-dessous. 


r~~\   Coloured  pages/ 


y 


0 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pages  demaged/ 
Pagea  andommagias 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurias  et/ou  pelliculies 


r~~\    Pages  demaged/ 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


P 
o 
fl 


O 

b< 
th 

Si( 

ot 
fif 
ah 
or 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color*es,  tachet6es  ou  piqudes 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  d*tach*es 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparance 

Quality  of  priri 

Qualiti  inigaia  da  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  matarit 
Comprend  du  matAriai  suppiimentaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponibic 


j"^  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~|  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


T» 

ah 
Tl 

wl 

Ml 
dil 
en| 
be 
rig 
rei 
mi 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmad  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pagea  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  A  nouveau  da  fa^on  A 
obtanir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ca  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  ItX  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


a4x 


28X 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmtd  h«r«  has  b««n  r«produe«d  thanks 
to  th«  g«n«ro«ity  of: 


L'Mompioiro  filmA  fut  roproduit  grico  i  la 
gAnArotit*  da: 


Univmity  of  Windsor 


Univanity  of  Windsor 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
possibia  eonsldaring  tha  condition  and  lagibillty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif icatlons. 


Original  capias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  fllmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  Impraa- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  approprlata.  All 
othar  original  coplaa  ara  fllmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  impraa- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  llluatratad  impraaston. 


Las  imagas  suivantas  ont  M*  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'axamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmaga. 

Las  axampiairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  ast  ImprimAa  sont  f  iimte  tt  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  %n  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprasslon  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autraa  axampiairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  9n  commanpant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprasslon  ou  d'illustration  at  9n  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microflcha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  >^^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED ").  or  tha  symbol  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  applias. 


Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
darnMra  Imaga  da  chaqua  microflcha,  salon  la 
cas:  la  symbols  -^  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  la 
symbols  ▼  signifia  "FIN". 


Maps,  platas,  charts,  ate,  may  ba  fllmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  includad  In  ona  axposura  ara  fllmad 
baginning  In  tha  uppar  laft  hand  cornar.  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framas  as 
raquirad.  Tha  following  diagrams  illustrata  tha 
mathod: 


Las  cartas,  planchas,  tablaaux.  ate.  pauvant  itra 
filmte  A  das  taux  da  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsqua  la  document  ast  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  saul  cllchA,  il  ast  filmA  A  partir 
da  I'angia  supAriaur  gauche,  da  gaucha  A  droita. 
at  da  haut  an  bas.  9n  pranant  la  nombra 
d'Imagas  nAcassaira.  Las  diagrammas  suivants 
lllustrant  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

3S 

:i 

^•« 

31 

Si 

jS? 


f. '»"« 


ii   II I 


THE 


H  O  L  Y    BIBLE: 

containinC  the 

OLD  TESTAMENT 

AND    THE    new: 


Tranflated  iiffo  the 

INDIAN    LANGUAGE' 

^  N  p 

Onfcred  CO  be  Printed  by  tbtC0inm(fimtri  vf  tht  Zfmted  Calonitt 

in  Ti^tW'ENGLANP, 

At  the  Charge,  and  with  the  Coof^  of  the 

CORPORATION    IN    BNG^^ND 

Far  tbt  'tr»fitf4itm  •/  tht  qoffiti  MtrngH  tbt  Indians 

i»  New-Eo^bnd» 


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Printed  bjr  Simml  gnm  and  tM^rmMUif  fthfit^ 
MDCLXIII, 


15 

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Fac-simile  of  the  English  title  page  of  the  Eliot  Bible  of  1GG3.    Hediicud  size. 


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of  (^merica ; 


BEING   A   DESCRIPTIVE   ACCOUNT  OF   BIBLES  PUBLISHED    IN 
THK    UNITED   STATES,   MEXICO   AND   CANADA. 


BY 

REV.  JOHN  WRIGHT,  D.  D. 

Rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


Bt\v  iiorlt 

THOMAS  WHITTAKER,  2  and  }  BIBLE  HOUSE 

1804 


s 


7771 


Copyrit;ht,  1894. 
By  Thomas  Whittakkr. 


THE  CAXTON  PRESS 
NEW  VORK 


F 


DEDICATED 

TO  A  FRIEND   OF   MANY  YEARS, 

REV.  WILLIAM  C.  WINSLOW,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  D.C.L.,  etc., 

VICE-PRESIDENT  AND   HONORARY  SECRETARY 
FOR  AMERICA   OF  THE  ? 


EGYPT  EXPLORATION   FUND. 


iii 


296806 


PREFACE  TO  THE  THIRD  EDITION. 


Since  the  first  edition  of  this  book  appeared,  much 
valuable  material  has  come  into  my  possession.  A3 
a  result,  the  original  chapters  have  been  expanded, 
and  sixteen  new  ones  have  been  added.  Several 
more  of  the  twelve  presentation  Bibles  sent  to  Ger- 
many by  Christopher  Saur  have  been  located,  and 
probably  all  the  information  obtainable  on  this  sub- 
ject has  come  to  hand. 

I  have  visited  and  inspected  nearly  all  the  collec- 
tions of  Bibles — public  and  private — in  this  country, 
and  in  the  National  Library  in  the  City  of  Mexico, 
and  consequently  the  descriptions  given  in  this  book 
are  not  second-hand,  but  the  result,  for  the  most 
part,  of  personal  observation.  If  in  some  cases  the 
accounts  of  the  various  editions  are  little  better  than 
an  array  of  dates  and  dry  facts,  it  must  be  remem- 
bered that  this  was  unavoidable,  as  of  many  of  the 
early  issues  we  know  but  little,  and  almost  nothing 
of  their  printers  and  publishers. 


Preface  to  the  Third  Edition. 


It  may  seem  in  some  instances  that  the  history  of 
certain  Bibles  has  been  brought  down  to  a  too  recent 
date,  but  this  has  only  been  done  where  the  interest 
of  the  subject  has  required  it.  The  title  and  contents 
of  the  book  have  been  brought  more  into  accord 
by  the  addition  of  chapters  on  the  Bible  in  Mexico 
and  Canada. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  volume  I  have  received 
generous  help  from  others.  For  suggestions  in  the 
early  stages  of  the  work  I  owe  much  to  Mr.  J.  R. 
Dore  of  Huddersfield,  England,  the  author  of  "  Old 
Bibles."  I  especially  record  my  indebtedness  in 
tracing  the  Saur  Bibles,  and  in  gathering  historic 
material  concerning  the  part  which  Germany  took 
in  aiding  the  distribution  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in 
the  early  days  of  America,  to  Dr.  von  Gebhardt  of 
the  Royal  Library,  Berlin,  Dr.  Hartwig  of  the  Uni- 
versity Library,  Halle,  Dr.  Jacobs  of  the  Prince 
Stolberg  Library,  Wernigerode,  Dr.  C.  Ruland  of 
the  Grand  Ducal  Museum,  Weimar,  Dr.  T.  Schott 
of  the  Royal  Library,  Stuttgart,  Dr.  O.  von  Heine- 
mann  of  the  Ducal  Library,  Wolfenbiittel,  Dr.  Ed- 
ward Lohmeyer  of  the  Landes  Bibliothek,  Cassel, 
Dr.  J.  Haeberlin  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  and  Mr. 
Ludwig  Rosenthal,  the  eminent  bibliophile  of  Munich. 

Mr.  James  C.  Pilling,  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  B.  Whip- 


Preface  to  the  Th'ird  Edition. 


vn 


pie,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  Bishop  of  Minnesota,  have 
aided  me  in  treating  of  the  Bibles  printed  in  the 
languages  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  America. 

Mr.  Wilberforce  Eames,  librarian  of  the  Lenox 
Library,  New  York  City,  has  assisted  me  several 
times,  and  to  his  courtesy  I  owe  it  that  nearly  all  the 
facsimile  title-pages  used  as  illustrations  were  made 
from  Bibles  in  the  institution  he  represents.  For 
information  in  regard  to  various  parts  of  the  book  I 
return  my  thanks  to  Mr.  Howard  Edwards,  and  the 
Rev.  Samuel  F.  Hotchkin,  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Ed- 
mund M.  Barton  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Soci- 
ety, Worcester,  Mass.,  and  Mr.  J.  Fletcher  Williams, 
the  former  librarian  of  the  Historical  Society,  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 

The  book  in  its  enlarged  condition  I  trust  will 
not  only  be  of  interest  to  the  general  reader,  but  of 
service  to  the  specialist  and  Bible  collector. 

J.  W. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  June  i8,  1894. 


V 


CONTENTS. 


/ 


MOB 

The  Eliot  Bible i 

The  Saur  Bible 24 

The  Aitken  Bible 51 

The  First  Douay  Version 68 

The  Thomas  Bible 74 

The  Collins  Bible 89 

The  First  Bir'.E  Published  in  New  York loi 

The  First  Translation  from  the  Septuagint 113 

The  First  Hebrew  Bible 122 

The  First  Translation  from  the  Peshito  Syriac  Ver- 
sion    125 

Early  Editions  of  the  Greek  Testament 133 

The  Webster  Amended  Bible 141 

Early  Editions  of  the  Bible  and  New  Testament  in 

German 149 

Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible 156 

Early  Paragraph  Bibles 179 

Early  Pronouncing  Bibles 186 

First  Stereotyped  Editions 191 

Special  Editions 199 

Some  Notable  Title-pages  211 

Some  Notable  Editions 217 

ix 


V 


Contents. 


/ 


PAOB 

Curious  Versions 227 

The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles 239 

Bibles  and  Bible  Societies 259 

The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes 269 

The  Bible  in  Mexico 304 

The  Bible  in  Canada 313 

Various  Editions 32a 


APPENDICES. 

APPENDIX  A. 

PAGE 

Dedication  in  the  Eliot  New  Testament  of  i66i 369 

APPENDIX  B. 
Dedication  in  the  Eliot  Bible  of  1663 372 

APPENDIX  C. 

Dedication  to  Hon.  Robert  Boyle  in  Eliot  Bible  of 
1685 375 

APPENDIX  D. 

List  of  Owners  of  Eliot  New  Testaments  and  Bibles 
AS  FAR  AS  Known 376 

APPENDIX  E. 

Some  of  the  Prices  Paid  for  Eliot  New  Testaments  and 
Bibles 379 

APPENDIX  F. 
List  of  Owners  of  the  Saur  Bibles  as  far  as  Known  .  380 

APPENDIX  G. 

Some  of  the  Prices  Paid  for  the  Saur  Bible  of  1743  .  383 

xi 

« 


MMtlfl 


xii  Appendices. 

APPENDIX   H. 

PAGE 

Prices  of  Editions  of  the  Saur  New  Testament 383 

APPENDIX  I. 
List  of  Owners  of  the  Aitken  Bible  as  far  as  Known  383 

APPENDIX  J. 
Some  of  the  Prices  Paid  for  the  Aitken  Bible 384 

APPENDIX  K. 
Prices  of  Editions  of  the  Aitken  New  Testament 385 

APPENDIX  L. 

A  Calculation  of  the  Number  of  Books,  Chapters, 
Verses,  Words,  Letters,  etc.,  in  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  and  the  Apocrypha 385 

APPENDIX  M. 
List*  of  Editions   of   the    Bible  and    Parts   thereof 
Printed  in  America,  prior  to  the  Year  i860,  that 
are  not  Mentioned  by  Dr.  O'Callaghan 386 

APPENDIX  N. 
List  of  Prices  Obtained  for  American  Editions  of  the 
Scriptures 409 

List  of  Books  Relating  to  American  Bibles 461 

Index 463 


LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


/ 


PAGB 

1.  Facsimile  of  the  English  title-page  of  the  Eliot  Bible  of 

1663 Frontispiece 

2.  Facsimile  of  the  Indian  title-page  of  the  Eliot  Bible  of  1663 . .     11 

3.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Saur  Bible  of  1 743 24 

4.  Facsimile  of  the  armorial  ensign  of  Dr.  Heinrich  Ehrenfried 

Luther,  of  Frankfort -on-the-Main 30 

5.  Facsimile  of  the  Saur  Bible  presented  William  VIII.,  the 

Llandgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel 37 

6.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Aitken  Bible,  1782 51 

7.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  Douay  Bible  published 

in  America 68 

8.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  folio  Bible  published  at 

Worcester  by  Isaiah  Thomas  in  1791 74 

9.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  quarto  Bible  printed  by  Isaac 

Collins  at  Trenton  in  1 791 89 

10.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  Bible  published  in  New 

York loi 

11.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Bible  translated  from  the 

Septuagint  by  Charles  Thomson  and  published  at  Phila- 
delphia in  1808 113 

12.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  Hebrew  Bible  pub- 

lished in  America 122 

13.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  translation  made  in  the 

United  States  of  the  New  Testament  from  the  Syriac- 
Peshito  Version 125 

14.  Facsimile  of   the  title-page   of   the  first  Greek  Testament 

printed  in  America 133 

xiii 


XIV 


List  of  Illustrations. 


V 


n 


15.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Bible  amended  by  Dr. 

Webster 141 

16.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  Bible  printed  in  west- 

ern Pennsylvania,  being  the  German  quarto  Bible  pub- 
lished by  Friederic  Goeb  at  Somerset  in  1813 149 

17.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  German  New  Testament 

published  at   Ephrata,   Pa.,  in  1787,  by  the  Dunker 
Community 152 

18.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Rheimish  Testament  pub- 

lished in  New  York  by  Jonathan  Leavitt  in  1834 156 

19.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Paragraph  New  Testament 

published  by  G.  &  C.  Carvill  in  New  York  in  1827 179 

20.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Alger  Pronouncing  Bible, 

printed  by  Lincoln  &  Edmands  at  Boston  in  1825 186 

21.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  Bible  printed  in  Amer- 

ica from  stereotyped  plates  made  in  the  United  States. .    191 

22.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Collateral  Bible,  printed  at 

Philadelphia  by  Samuel  F.  Bradford  in  1826 199 

23.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  a  New  and  Corrected  Version 

of  the  New  Testament  by  Rodolphus  Dickinson,  pub- 
lished at  Boston  in  1833 211 

24.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Phonetic  New  Testament 

published  by  A.  Comstock  at  Philadelphia  in  1848 217 

25.  Facsimile  of  a  page  (p.  291)  from  Jonathan  Morgan's  trans- 

lation of  the  New  Testament,  published  at  Portland,  Me., 

by  S.  H.  Colesworthy,  in  1848 227 

26.  Facsimile  of  the  picture  entitled  "  Paul  Shaking  the  Viper 

from  his  Hand."     Engraved  by  Amos  Doolittle  for  the 
Thomas  Bible  of  1791 239 

27.  Facsimile  of  the  engraving  entitled  "  The  Hypocrite  Taking 

the  Mote  out  of  his  Neighbor's  Eye."    From  the  Carey 
Bible  published  at  Philadelphia  in  1806 249 

28.  Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  New  Testament  published 

by  the  Confederate  States  Bible  Society  in  1862 259 

29.  Facsimile  of  the  title-pages  of  the  Massachusetts  Psalter, 

printed  by  B.  Green  and  J.  Printer  at  Boston  in  1709.  ■   269 


'   X 


/ 


List  of  Illustrations.  xv 

PAOB 

Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  Bible  printed  in  Latin  and 

Spanish  in  the  City  of  Mexico  in  1831 304 

Facsimile,  of  the  title-page  of  the  New  Testament  in  French 

published  at  Quebec,  Canada,  in  1846 313 

Facsimile  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  hot-press  Bible  printed 

in  America 32a 

Facsimile  of  title-page  of  the  Thumb  Bible  published  by 

N.  Proctor  at  Boston  in  1765 337 


30. 


3i. 


32- 


33* 


MMMMItMMMM 


EARLY    BIBLES. 


THE  ELIOT  BIBLE. 


The  history  of  the  first  Bible  printed  in  America 
is  the  history  of  the  devotion  and  persistence  chiefly 
of  one  man.  John  Eliot  was  drawn  to  New  England 
by  the  desire  to  relieve  the  minds  of  the  Indian  races 
from  their  spiritual  darkness.  He  came  when  his 
mental  faculties  were  keen  and  active,  and  lived  to 
see  the  happy  consummation  of  his  hopes  and  plans, 
even  to  an  honored  old  age.  Eliot  arrived  in  New 
England  in  the  autumn  of  the  year  1631.  After  a 
short  time  devoted  to  teaching,  he  became  the  pastor 
of  the  Roxbury  church.  From  the  first  his  interest 
in  the  Indians  had  manifested  itself,  and  he  early 
took  steps  toward  giving  them  the  Word  of  God. 
He  was  well  fitted  for  the  work,  both  by  heart  and 
intellect.  His  scholastic  advantages  had  been  ample, 
for  he  had  received  his  education  at  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated 
in  1623.     He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  original 


Early  Bibles. 


languages  of  the  Bible,  and  set  about  his  work  with 
confidence  and  enthusiasm.  His  first  efforts  at 
learning  the  language  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  Mas- 
sachusetts were  made  through  the  assistance  of  an 
Indian  who  had  been  taken  a  prisoner  in  the  Fequot 
wars,  who  was  employed  in  the  neighborhood  as  a 
house  servant.  "  He  was,"  says  Eliot,  "  the  first 
that  I  made  use  of  to  teach  me  words,  and  to  be  my 
Interpreter."  Eliot  made  such  progress  in  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  language  that  in  1646  he  was  able  to 
preach  to  the  Indians  in  their  native  tongue.  But 
before  he  could  place  into  the  hands  of  these  con- 
verts books  of  instruction  financial  help  was  requisite. 
In  1643  the  colonies  of  Massachusetts,  Plymouth, 
Connecticut,  and  New  Haven  entered  into  articles 
of  confederation  to  aid  the  Indians,  and  each  colony 
was  represented  by  two  commissioners.  This  move 
received  the  approval  of  the  mother-country,  for  in 
July,  1649,  the  Corporation  for  the  Promoting  and 
Propagating  of  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  in  New 
England  was  formed  by  act  of  Parliament ;  and  com- 
missioners of  the  united  colonies  were  appointed  to 
receive  and  distribute  the  necessary  funds  for  the 
education  of  the  Indians.  In  1653  Eliot  wrote:  "  I 
have  had  a  great  longing  desire,  if  it  were  the  will 
of  God,  that  our  Indian  language  might  be  sanctified 
by  the  translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  into  it." 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


The  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Ten  Commandments,  and  a 
few  passages  of  the  Bible  were  first  attempted.  A 
primer,  or  catechism,  appeared  about  1654.  The 
Book  of  Genesis  and  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew 
were  in  print  in  1655,  and  a  few  Psalms  in  meter 
were  added  in  1658.  The  printing  of  these  early 
productions  was  executed  by  Samuel  Green  at  Cam- 
bridge. The  first  press  ^  used  in  this  place  was  set 
up  in  1639,  and  was  the  property  of  the  president  of 
Harvard  College,  the  Rev.  Henry  Dunster.  It  was 
worked  by  Stephen  Daye  until  1649,  when  the  man- 
agement of  it  was  turned  over  to  Samuel  Green.  A 
new  press  and  new  type  were  received  in  1659,  and 
in  1660  Green  was  joined  by  Marmaduke  Johnson, 
who  had  been  sent  from  England  to  aid  him  in  his 
work.  With  these  increased  facilities  Mr.  Eliot  be- 
came more  and  more  anxious  that  the  Indian  tribes 
might  have  the  Bible  in  their  own  tongue.  He 
said :  "  I  look  at  it  as  a  sacred  and  holy  work,  to 
be  regarded  with  much  fear,  care,  and  reverence." 
Under  the  stimulus  of  such  exalted  motives  as  these 
the  translation  went  on  day  by  day,  until  under  date 
of  December  28,  1658,  Mr.  Eliot  with  evident  joy 
writes :  "  Bless  the  Lord,  that  the  whole  Book  of 
God  is  translated  into  their  own  language ;  it  want- 


1  This  press  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Historical  Society  of 
Vermont. 


Early  Bibles. 


eth  but  revising,  transcribing,  and  printing.  Oh 
that  the  Lord  would  so  move  that  by  some  means 
or  other  it  might  be  printed ! "  His  appeal  was  not 
in  vain,  for  the  funds  were  provided  by  the  Corpora- 
tion in  England.  The  New  Testament  in  the  Indian 
language  appeared  in  1661.  The  edition  was  about 
fifteen  hundred  copies.  There  are  two  title-pages, 
the  first  in  English  and  the  second  in  Indian.  The 
English  title-page  reads : 

"  The  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ.  Translated  into  the  Indian  Language, 
and  Ordered  to  be  Printed  by  the  Commissioners  of 
the  United  Colonies  in  New  England,  At  the  Charge, 
and  with  the  Consent  of  the  Corporation  in,  England 
For  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  amongst  the  In- 
dians in  New  England.  Cambridg :  Printed  by  Sam- 
uel Green  and  Marmaduke  Johnson.  MDCLXI." 
The  Indian  title-page  reads  as  follows : 
"  Wusku  Wuttestamentum  nul-lordumun  Jesus 
Christ  Nuppoquohwussuaeneumun.  Cambridge : 
Printed  by  Samuel  Green  and  Marmaduke  Johnson. 

MDCLXI." 

The  translation  of  the  Indian  reads :  "  New  his- 
Testament  our-Lord  Jesus  Christ  our-deliverer." 

The  book  in  size  is  a  small  quarto  of  1 30  printed 
leaves  without  pagination.  By  exact  measurement 
the  leaves  are  7^  inches  by  5^  inches,  while  the 


ihc   filiot  Bible. 


d 
It 


printed  pages  are  6^^  inches  by  45^  inches.  The 
text  is  in  double  columns  vnth  marginal  references. 
The  Indian  language  from  St.  Matthew  to  Revela- 
tion covers  126  pages.  Between  the  two  title-pages 
there  is  a  dedication  in  English  to  Charles  11.^  This 
is  found  only  in  a  limited  number  of  copies  intended 
for  presentation.  There  is  a  diamond-shaped  figure 
of  thirty-two  printers'  flowers  on  the  Indian  title- 
page,  and  this  familiar  ornamentation  is  common  to 
nearly  all  the  Eliot  Testaments.  Forty  copies  of  the 
New  Testament  with  the  English  title-page  and 
kingly  dedication  were  sent  to  Hon.  Robert  Boyle, 
the  governor  of  the  Corporation  in  England.  The 
first  twenty  were  sent  in  1661,  and  the  remaining 
twenty  in  1662.  The  first  copy  was  presented  to 
Charles  II.  The  second  was  given  to  Lord  High 
Chancellor  Edward  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon ;  the 
third,  to  Rev.  Edward  Reynolds,  D.D.,  the  Bishop 
of  Norwich;  the  fourth,  to  the  Rev.  Joseph  Caryl; 
the  fifth,  to  the  Rev.  Richard  Baxter ;  and  the  sixth 
and  seventh,  to  the  vice-chancellors  of  the  universi- 
ties of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  The  thirteen  copies 
that  remained,  and  the  second  lot  of  twenty,  were 
left  to  the  disposal  of  Mr.  William  Ashurst  and 
Mr.  Richard  Hutchinson,  officers  of  the  English  Cor- 
poration. 

1  Appendix  A. 


tmmutimmt 


Early  Bibles. 


Copies  of  the  New  Testament  of  1661,  solely  in 
Indian  and  without  the  English  title-page,  were 
bound  up,  but  the  exact  number  is  not  known.  The 
Eliot  New  Testament  of  1 66 1  is  now  an  exceedingly 
rare  book,  as  only  nineteen  copies  have  been  located. 
Two  copies  are  in  the  British  Museum,  and  two  in 
the  Lenox  Library,  New  York,  Trinity  College 
(Dublin),  Glasgow  University,  Edinburgh  University, 
Bodleian  Library  (Oxford),  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  (London),  Town  Library,  Leicester, 
Eng.,  Harvard  University,  and  the  Boston  Athe- 
naeum, each  possesses  a  copy.  The  remaining  seven 
are  in  private  libraries. 

The  hopeful  work  accomplished  among  the  Indi- 
ans encouraged  Mr.  Eliot  in  placing  the  whole  Bible 
in  their  hands.  The  printing  of  the  Old  Testament 
began  in  September,  1660,  and  by  the  same  month 
in  the  following  year  the  five  books  of  Moses  were 
completed.  The  commissioners  in  September,  1662, 
wrote  to  Mr.  Boyle  from  Boston,  saying :  "  The  Bible 
is  now  about  half  done ;  and  constant  progress  therein 
is  made;  the  other  half  is  like  to  be  finished  in  a 
year." 

In  1663  the  completed  Bible  appeared.  It  con- 
tains four  title-pages.  The  first  is  in  English  and 
reads  thus : 

"  The  Holy  Bible :  Containing  the  Old  Testament 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


and  the  New.  Translated  into  the  Indian  Language, 
and  Ordered  to  be  Printed  by  the  Commissioners  of 
the  United  Colonies  in  New-England,  At  the  Charge, 
and  with  the  Consent  of  the  Corporation  in  England 
For  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  amongst  the  Indi- 
ans in  New-England.  Cambridge :  Printed  by  Sam- 
uel Green  and  Marmaduke  Johnson.     MDCLXIII." 

The  second  title,  which  is  in  Indian,  is  as  follows : 

"  Mamusse  Wunneetupanatamwe  Up-Biblum  God 
Naneeswe  Nukkone  Testament  kah  wonk  VVusku 
Testament.  Ne  quoshkinnumuk  nashpe  Wuttinneu- 
moh  Christ  noh  asoowesit  John  Eliot.  Cambridge : 
Printeuoop  nashpe  Samuel  Green  kah  Marmaduke 
Johnson.     1663." 

Literally  translated,  these  words  read :  "  The  whole 
Holy  His  Bible  God  both  Old  Testament  and  also 
New  Testament.  This  turned  by  the  Servant  of 
Christ  who  is  called  John  Eliot." 

The  third  and  fourth  title-pages  are  contained  in 
the  New  Testament ;  and,  as  they  are  the  same  as  in 
the  edition  of  1661,  the  description  need  not  be  re- 
peated. At  the  end  of  the  Old  Testament  are  the 
words  "  Wohkukquohsinwog  QuosHodtumwaenuog ; " 
that  is,  "  The  Prophets  are  ended."  The  New  Testa- 
ment is  followed  by  a  metrical  version  of  the  Psalms. 
There  is  no  title-page  to  the  Psalms,  but  this  heading : 
"Wame  Ketoohomae  Uketoohomaongash  David;" 


8 


Early  Bibles. 


meaning,  "All  the  Singing  Songs  of  David."  At 
the  close,  on  one  leaf,  are  rules  for  Christian  living, 
consisting  of  two  questions,  "  How  can  I  walk  all 
day  long  with  God? "  and  "  What  should  a  Christian 
do  to  keep  perfectly  holy  the  Sabbath  Day  ?  "  with 
the  answers. 

The  book  is  a  quarto  in  size  and  printed  upon  ex- 
cellent paper.  The  pages  measure  6^  inches  by 
4^  inches.  Genesis  and  the  other  books  to  the 
end  of  the  Old  Testament  cover  414  leaves;  and 
St.  Matthew  to  the  end  of  the  New  Testament,  126 
leaves.  The  Psalms  in  meter  fill  50  leaves,  and  the 
total  number  of  printed  pages  in  the  Bible  is  600. 
There  is  a  dedication^  to  Charles  II.  covering  two 
pages.  This  differs  in  wording  from  the  first  that 
appeared  in  the  edition  of  1661,  as  it  is  a  dedication 
of  the  whole  Bible  to  His  Majesty.  As  in  the  case 
of  the  New  Testament,  presentation  copies  of  the 
Bible  of  1663  were  sent  to  the  English  Corporation, 
to  be  disposed  of  as  that  body  should  elect.  The 
number  thus  sent  was  twenty,  in  an  unbound  condi- 
tion. In  England  they  were  substantially  bound  in 
dark-blue  morocco.  What  disposition  was  made  of 
these  twenty  volumes,  and  who  became  their  recip- 
ients, is  not  known,  except  that  one  copy  was  pre- 
sented to  Charles  II. 


Appendix  B. 


The  Eliot  Bible, 


A  portion  of  the  edition  of  1663  was  bound  up  for 
the  use  of  the  Indians,  and  contained  no  English 
title-pages  and  dedication,  for  it  was  wholly  in  the 
Indian  tongue.  The  copies  previously  spoken  of  as 
having  the  English  title-pages  and  dedication  are 
marked  by  certain  variations.  Mr.  J.  C.  Pilling,  in 
the  "  Bibliography  of  the  Algonquian  Languages," 
printed  at  Washington  by  the  Government  in  1891, 
makes  a  classification  of  seven  varieties.  He  saysi^ 
"  These  differ  in  the  number  of  certain  preliminary 
leaves:  namely,  the  dedication  of  the  whole  Bible, 
the  Indian  general  title,  the  leaf  of  contents,  the  Eng- 
lish New  Testament  title,  and  the  dedication  of  the 
New  Testament,  one  or  more  of  which  are  generally 
omitted;  also  in  the  Indian  New  Testament  title, 
which  sometimes  does  not  contain  the  diamond- 
shaped  figure." 

Dr.  E.  B.  O'Callaghan,  in  his  "  List  of  Bibles  printed 
in  America,"  points  out  sixty  errors  in  the  printing 
of  the  Eliot  Bible  of  1663,  and  most  of  these  were 
caused  by  the  omission  of  certain  words  and  sen- 
tences from  the  translation.  A  ludicrous  mistake 
was  made  in  the  rendering  of  the  twenty-third  verse 
of  the  second  chapter  of  2  Kings,  "  Go  up,  thou 
bald  head,"  to  which  Dr.  Trumbull  has  called  atten- 


1  " 


Bibliography  of  the  Algonquian  Languages,"  p.  142. 


V 


lO 


Early  Bibles. 


tion.  He  says:^  "  In  the  Indian,  the  last  word  liter- 
ally is '  ball-head '  ('  pompasuhkonkanontup ').  Either 
the  interpreter  mistook  the  word  as  pronounced  by 
Eliot,  or  he  thought  it  well  to  aggravate  the  insult 
by  likening  Elisha's  smooth  head  to  a  foot-ball ;  for 
*  pompasuhkonk '  denotes  a  ball  to  play  with." 

Considering  the  difficulties  that  had  to  be  encoun- 
tered in  printing  the  first  Bible  in  America,  it  is  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  the  errors  were  not  more 
numerous.  Presses,  type,  ink,  and  paper  had  to  be 
imported,  coming  long  distances,  and  by  slow  means 
of  conveyance.  Workmen  were  few,  and  the  sources 
of  instruction  limited.  The  Algonquian^  was  a  harsh 
language,  and  it  had  no  equivalents  for  certain  Eng- 
lish words.  Salt  was  unknown  to  the  Indians,  and 
hence  the  word  had  to  be  inserted  without  transla- 
tion. The  same  was  true  of  "  Amen "  and  some 
other  terms.  The  words  of  the  language  were  so 
extremely  long  that  Cotton  Mather  thought  they 
must  have  been  stretching  themselves  out  from  the 
time  of  the  confusion  of  tongues  at  Babel.    Rev.  Dr. 

1  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston,"  vol.  i.,  p.  473. 

*  There  are  three  ways  in  which  this  word  is  spelled,  namely, 
"Algonkln,"  "Algonquin,"  and  "Algonquian."  The  last  way  is 
used  in  the  documents  concerning  the  Indian  tribes  as  printed  by 
the  Bureau  of  Ethnology  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington. 
As  these  documents  are  quoted  several  times  in  this  book  this  third 
form  of  spelling  is  followed. 


21  M  d  MV  S  $  E 

WUNNEETUPANATAMWE 

UP-BIBLUM   GOD  i 

NANBESWE  j?Jj; 

SINUKKONE    testament!^ 

KAH    WONK 

WUSKU  TESTAMENT. 


SI 

•OS 
«« 


ir>n» 


1^' 


!lS' 


Ne  ^uofiikuinatnuk  nafhpe'^irtitttniieuinob^tf  A/57 
QOb  afoowdit 


JOHN    ELIOT-       Ig 


•X5 


CAMBRIDGE: 

S||     PrioteuQopoafhpe  S^wMr/  CrM»  kuh  M»rmMf  ftbof-* 


2S 


VMM 


Fac-simile  of  the  Indian  title  page  of  the  Eliot  Bible  of  16G3.    Reduced  size. 


i\ 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


II 


Ellis  playfully  says  :^  "  To  us  it  seems  as  if  an  Indian 
root-word  started  little  and  compact,  like  one  of 
their  own  papooses,  and  then  grew  at  either  extrem- 
ity, thickened  in  the  middle,  extended  in  shape  and 
proportion  in  each  limb,  member,  and  feature,  and 
was  completed  with  a  feathered  head-knot."  Some 
impression  o'  the  appearance  of  the  language  may  be 
had  by  the  following  version  of  the  Lord's  Prayer : 

Nooshun  kesukqut,  quttianatamunach  koowesuonk.  Peyaumooutch 
kukketassootamoonk,  kuttenantamoonk  ne  n  nach  ohkeit  neane  ke- 
sukqut. Nummeetsuongash  asekesukokish  assamainnean  yeuyeu 
kesukok.  Kah  ahquoantamaiinnean  nutnmatcheseongash,  neane 
matchenehukqweagig  nutahquontamounnonog.  Ahque  sagkompa- 
gunaiinnean  en  qutchhuaouganit,  webe  pohquohwussinnean  wutch 
matchitut.  Newutche  kutahtaunn  ketassootamoonk,  kah  menuhke- 
suonk,  kah  sohsumoonk  micheme.     Amen. 

The  completion  of  the  Bible  of  1663  brought  great 
joy  to  the  heart  of  Mr.  Eliot,  not  only  because  it  was 
a  great  event  in  the  art  of  printing,  but  chiefly  for 
the  reason  that  it  facilitated  his  work  among  the 
Indians.  Cotton  Mather  could  hardly  contain  him- 
self in  his  enthusiasm  of  thanksgiving.  In  his  "  Mag- 
nalia  "  he  thus  writes :  "  Behold,  ye  Americans,  the 
greatest  honor  that  ever  you  were  partakers  of.  The 
Bible  was  printed  here  at  our  Cambridge,  and  is  the 
only  Bible  that  ever  was  printed  in  all  America,  from 


size. 


1  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston,"  vol.  i.,  p.  270. 


12 


Early  Bibles. 


the  very  foundation  of  the  world.  The  whole  trans- 
lation he  writ  with  but  one  pen;  which  pen,  if  it  had 
not  been  lost,  would  have  certainly  deserved  a  richer 
case  than  was  bestowed  upon  that  pen  with  which 
Holland  writ  his  translation  of  Plutarch."  Francis, 
in  his  "  Life  of  John  Eliot,"  doubts  the  statement 
about  the  translation  being  written  with  but  one  pen, 
and  says  Mather's  "  story  seems  more  precise  than 
credible.  "1 

In  1680  a  second  edition  of  the  New  Testament 
appeared.  The  upper  part  of  the  title-page  is  in 
Indian,  while  the  lower  contains  the  words,  "  Cam- 
bridge, Printed  for  the  Right  Honourable  Corpora- 
tion in  London  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
among  the  Indians  in  New  England.  1680."  No 
mention  is  made  of  the  printer  or  printers. 

Mr.  Eliot  was  desirous  of  seeing  a  new  impression 
of  the  whole  Bible,  as  many  copies  of  the  edition  of 
1663  had  been  lost  or  destroyed  during  the  score 
of  years  since  it  was  printed.  The  Indian  war  of 
1675-76  had  contributed  also  to  this  result.  Mr. 
Eliot  began  the  new  version  in  1677,  ar*^  desired  the 
work  to  be  accelerated,  for  he  said,  "  My  age  makes 
me  importunate."  That  great  spiritual  good  had 
been  accomplished  is  evident,  for  in  the  earliest  years 
of  his  work  Eliot  wrote  of  the  Indians :   "  It  hath 


1  Francis,  "  Life  of  Eliot,"  p.  227. 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


13 


pleased  God  to  stir  up  the  hearts  of  many  of  them 
this  winter  to  learn  to  read  and  write,  wherein  they 
do  much  profit  with  a  very  little  help,  especially 
some  of  them,  for  they  are  very  ingenious."  In 
1680  Mr.  Eliot  wrote:  "  I  shall  depart  joyfully,  may 
I  but  have  the  Bible  among  them,  for  it  is  the  word 
of  life."  This  desire  for  a  fresh  supply  of  Bibles 
was  not  alone  Eliot's  wish,  for  he  says  under  date  of 
November  4,  1680:  "Our  praying  Indians  both  in 
the  islands  and  on  the  main,  are  considered  together, 
numerous;  thousands  of  souls,  of  whom  some  true 
believers,  some  learners,  and  some  still  infants,  and 
all  of  them,  beg,  cry,  entreat  for  Bibles,  having 
already  enjoyed  that  blessing,  but  now  are  in  great 
want."  The  press- work  on  the  Old  Testament  be- 
gan in  1682,  but  the  progress  was  slow,  for  Mr.  Eliot 
writes :  "  We  have  but  few  hands,  one  Englishman, 
a  boy,  and  one  Indian." 

The  Indian  referred  to  was  a  man  known  as  James 
Printer,  who  had  worked  on  the  first  edition.  He 
seems  to  have  been  well  fitted  for  his  task,  for  Eliot 
in  1682  writes  of  him:  "We  have  but  one  man,  the 
Indian  printer,  that  is  able  to  compose  the  sheets  and 
correct  the  press  with  understanding."  Mr.  Eliot 
also  records  his  indebtedness  to  Rev.  John  Cotton 
of  Plymouth,  "  who  helped  me  much  in  the  second 
edition  of  the  Bible." 


v^ 


14 


Early  Bibles. 


In  the  autumn  of  1685  the  second  and  last  version 
of  the  Indian  Bible  appeared.  Extant  copies  show 
that  this  is  in  leading  particulars  a  reproduction  of  the 
first  edition.  This  is  implied  on  the  title-page,  where 
the  Indian  sentence  occurs,  "  Nahohtoeu  ontchetoe 
Printeuoomuk;"  which,  translated,  means  "Second- 
time  amended  impression."  The  name  only  of 
Samuel  Green  appears  as  printer.  Like  the  previous 
Bible,  the  contents  consist  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments, the  Psalms  in  meter,  and  the  rules  for  Chris- 
tian living.  It  is  similar  to  it  also  in  being  printed 
in  double  columns  with  headings  and  side  reference.s. 
The  whole  book  is  printed  on  608  leaves  without 
pagination ;  that  is,  a  few  more  leaves  than  the  Bible 
of  1663,  which  is  accounted  for  by  the  addition  of 
summaries  at  the  head  of  the  chapters.  It  contains 
no  English  title-pages,  as  they  are  solely  in  Indian. 
A  few  of  the  copies  had  a^  dedication  in  English  to 
Hon.  Robert  Boyle,  the  head  of  the  Corporation  in 
England.  Mr.  Boyle  had  been  a  most  substantial 
helper  in  advancing  the  welfare  of  the  Indians  in  New 
England.  He  had  not  only  influenced  the  English 
Corporation  to  sustain  the  work  financially,  but  had 
given  out  of  his  personal  means  ;^300  toward  it,  and 
also  provided  for  an  additional  gift  of  £\<y:>  in  his 
will.     Mr.  Eliot  was  profoundly  grateful  for  the  solid 


1  Appendix  C. 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


15 


interest  Mr.  Boyle  had  taken  in  his  plans,  and  in  his 
letters  addressed  him  as  "  Right  honourable  nursing 
father."  Copies  of  the  Bible  of  1685  with  the  Boyle 
dedication  are  now  extremely  scarce,  as  only  twelve 
are  known  to  exi.st,  and  nine  of  these  are  in  public 
libraries. 

The  publication  of  the  Eliot  Bible  was  an  event 
that  was  noted  not  only  in  the  New  World  but 
throughout  Europe.  The  late  John  G.  Shea,  a  well- 
known  writer  of  the  Latin  Church,  says:  "The  vol- 
ume excited  interest  in  Rome,  and  a  brief  of  Pope 
Clement  XI.  to  the  Archbishop  of  Saragossa,  August 
31,1 709,  written  to  excite  him  to  prevent  the  intro- 
duction into  Spanish  America  of  a  Bible  recently 
translated  into  an  American  language  by  Protestants, 
evidently  refers  to  this,  although  it  is  spoken  of  as 
printed  in  London." 

The  errors  in  printing  the  Bible  of  1663  were 
corrected  in  the  second  edition.  While  the  latter 
is  not  without  errors,  they  are  chiefly,  as  Dr.  O'Cal- 
laghan  has  shown,  mistakes  in  the  spelling  of  words. 
Dr.  Trumbull  has  called  attention  to  the  omission 
of  the  sentence,  "  but  deceiveth  his  own  heart,"  in 
St.  James  i.  26.  In  the  second  edition  the  error  is 
corrected  in  a  footnote.  The  improved  condition 
of  the  Bible  of  1685  over  the  first  edition  makes 
the  second  edition  a  more  desirable  book  to  those 


v. 


I6 


Early  Bibles. 


who  wish  to  know  something  of  the  Indian  lan- 
guage. 

A  recent  writer  very  justly  says  :*  "  While  the  first 
edition  of  Eliot's  Hible  is  the  more  attractive  to  col- 
lectors of  rare  Americana,  and  deserves  the  preemi- 
nence that  is  accorded  to  it,  as  a  monument  of  early 
typography,  and  as  the  first  version  of  the  Bible 
printed  in  the  New  World,  it  should  not  be  forgotten 
that  to  the  student  of  the  American  languages,  and 
to  the  general  philologist,  the  second  is  the  more 
valuable;  and  that  all  critical  references  to  Eliot's 
version  are  or  should  be  made  to  this  revised  and 
corrected  edition." 

To  collectors  of  rare  books  the  Eliot  Bibles  are 
coveted  treasures.  As  the  years  roll  away  the  price 
of  these  rarities  steadily  rises.''  At  the  sale  of  the 
Brinley  Library  in  New  York,  March,  1879,  an  Eliot 
New  Testament  of  166 1  brought  $700.  At  the  same 
sale  a  Bible  of  1663  was  knocked  down  at  $1000. 
At  an  auction  in  1884  a  Bible  of  1685  brought  $950. 
In  London,  at  a  sale  held  July  2,  1882,  INIr.  Quaritch, 
the  eminent  bibliophile,  bought  for  the  late  Mr. 
Kalbfleisch  of  New  York  an  Eliot  Bible  of  1663, 
containing  the  English  title-pages,  and  dedication 
to  Charles  II.,  for  ;^58o;  that  is,  about  $2900.  The 
Bement  copy  of  the  Eliot  Testament  of  1661  sold  in 


1  Note  in  the  Brinley  Catalogue. 


2  Appendix  E. 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


ir 


London  in  1820  for  less  than  a  dollar.  It  brought 
at  its  last  sale,  in  New  York,  in  1890,  the  sum  of 
$610.  The  Cutter  copy  of  the  Eliot  Hible  of  1663 
was  bought  by  John  Allan  of  New  York  for  $10. 
In  1864  it  was  resold  and  reached  $825,  and  again  in 
1 88 1  it  was  purchased  for  $900.  The  Eames  copy, 
somewhat  imperfect,  sold  in  1846  for  $11,  in  1868 
for  $95,  in  1870  for  $120,  and  in  1882  for  $140. 
The  Trumbull  copy  sold  in  1862  for  $115  and  in 
1876  for  $325.  Twenty-one  years  ago  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Paine  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  made  a  list  of  the  Kliot 
Bibles.  By  his  count  the  total  reached  fifty-four. 
Since  then  several  copies,  especially  those  owned 
privately,  have  changed  hands,  and  others  have 
come  to  light.  The  writer  has  found  twelve  copies 
that  have  not  been  previously  noticed  or  included 
in  any  list.  There  are  more  Eliot  Bibles  in  the  great 
libraries  of  Europe  than  was  at  first  supposed.  The 
total  number  of  Indian  New  Testaments  and  Bibles 
now  known  to  exist  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five. ^ 
There  are  many  interesting  associations  connected 
with  copies  of  the  Eliot  Bibles,  as  they  have  been  in 
the  possession  of  kings,  princes,  statesmen,  prelates, 
and  great  schools  of  learning.  There  is  in  the  Bod- 
leian Library,  Oxford,  an  Eliot  Bible  of  1661,  which 
was  given  by  Ralph  Freke  in  1668.     The  year  be- 


Appendix  D. 


i8 


Early  Bibles. 


fore  he  had  received  it  from  Harvard  College, 
contains  the  following  inscription: 


It 


By  order  of  the  overseers  of  Harvard  Colleg  in  Cambridg  in  New 
Engld,  To  the  Right  worshippl  Ralph  Freke,  Esq.,  a  noble  benefactor 
to  the  aforesayd  Colleg.     1667. 

Mr.  Freke  was  one  of  the  subscribers  who  gave 
Harvard  College  its  !irst  font  of  type.  It  may  be 
that  this  Bible  was  printed  from  the  type  thus  pre- 
sented. 

The  University  of  Virginia  has  a  copy  of  the  first 
edition  of  the  Eliot  Bible  that  was  once  the  property 
of  Dr.  C.  D.  Ebeling,  the  German  historian.  At  his 
death  his  library  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Israel  Thorn- 
dike  of  Boston,  who  presented  it  to  Harvard  Uni- 
versity in  181 8.  As  the  University  had  another 
copy  of  Eliot,  the  corporation,  at  a  meeting  held 
June  22,  1 8 19,  directed  the  treasurer  to  dispose  of 
the  Ebeling  Bible.  By  some  train  of  circumstances 
it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, where  it  has  been  since  1828,  as  the  book 
catalogue  of  the  institution  shows.  It  contains  Dr. 
Ebeling's  autograph,  and  this  inscription  on  the  fly- 
leaf: 

Biblia  Sacra  in  linguam  Indorum  Americanre  gentis  Twv  Natick 
translata  a  Johanne  Eliot  Missionario  Anglicano.  Impressa  Canta- 
brigiae  Novae  Angliae  oppido.  Liber  sumniae  raritatis.  V.  Clement. 
Bibl.  cur.  T.  iv.  Freytag  Analecta. 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


19 


Increase  Mather,  while  president  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, presented  the  universities  at  Utrecht  and  Ley- 
den,  Holland,  with  Eliot  Bibles  of  1685,  which  are 
still  preserved  in  the  libraries  of  those  institutions. 
The  Eliot  of  1663,  in  the  library  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum, was  once  the  property  of  Hon.  Edward  Ever- 
ett, United  States  minister  to  Great  Britain.  He 
presented  it  to  Hon.  Thomas  Grenville,  who  be- 
queathed his  library  to  the  Museum.  Hon.  Rufus 
King,  minister  to  England  in  1796,  was  the  owner 
of  an  Eliot  Bible  of  1685,  which  is  now  in  the  hands 
of  his  descendants  in  this  country.  Hon.  Thomas 
Aspinwall,  United  States  consul  in  England  in  18 15. 
possessed  an  Eliot  New  Testament  of  1661.  Brown 
University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  has  a  copy  of  the  In- 
dian Bible  of  1663  that  belonged  to  Roger  Williams 
and  has  notes  in  the  margin  in  his  own  handwrit- 
ing. On  one  of  the  pages  are  the  words  "  College 
Library,"  written  by  James  Manning,  the  first  pres- 
ident of  the  University.  The  catalogue  of  the  insti- 
tution has  this  note :  "  During  the  War  of  the  Rev- 
olution the  book  was  one  of  five  hundred  in  the 
library  which  were  removed  to  Wrentham,  Mass.,  for 
safety,  in  the  care  of  the  Rev.  William  Williams,  a 
member  of  the  first  graduating  class." 

The  Bible  in  the  library  of  Yale  College  has  the 
signature  of  John  Winthrop,  doubtless  the  Winthrop 


V, 


20 


Early  Bibles, 


who  was  governor  of  Connecticut  in  1698.  Mr. 
Pierpont  Morgan  of  New  York  owns  a  first  edition 
of  Eliot  that  has  the  signature  of  White  Kennett, 
who  was  the  Bishop  of  Peterborough  in  1718.  One 
of  the  finest  and  most  desirable  of  the  Eliot  Bibles 
of  1663  is  known  to  collectors  as  "  the  Allan  copy," 
from  its  having  belonged  to  John  Allan,  the  anti- 
quarian. It  is  one  of  the  "  Royal "  copies,  contain- 
ing the  dedication  to  Charles  11.  It  contains  the 
autograph  of  William  Ashurst,  who  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Corporation  for  Propagating  the 
Gospel  in  New  England,  and  who  became  eventually 
its  governor.  This  gives  this  Bible  peculiar  interest. 
It  was  sold  at  the  Brinley  sale  for  $900,  and  is  now 
the  property  of  Mrs.  Laura  Eliot  Cutter  of  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  who  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  John  Eliot  by  the 
sixth  generation.  The  Eliot  that  originally  belonged 
to  the  Marquis  of  Hastings  is  in  the  library  of  the 
late  John  Carter  Brown,  Providence,  R.  I.  In  the 
same  library  there  is  a  very  historic  copy  of  the  Al- 
gonquian  Testament  of  1661  in  the  original  binding 
of  blue  morocco.  This  book  was  taken  from  the 
palace  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  when  the  French 
invaded  Holland  in  December  and  January,  1 794—95. 
Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther  of  Chicago  has  an  Indian  Bible  of 
1685  that  contains  the  autograph  of  "Josiah  Cotton," 
who  was  for  many   years  a  missionary  among  the 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


21 


he 


Indians  and  wrote  a  vocabulary  in  their  language. 
Mr.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  of  New  York  is  the  owner 
of  an  Eliot  Bible  that  was  once  the  property  of  Jona- 
than Edwards.  Boston  Athenaeum  has  the  Indian 
Bible  that  was  presented  to  Dr.  John  Fell,  dean  of 
Christ  Church,  and  Bishop  of  Oxford,  a  well-known 
biblical  scholar  and  the  editor  of  a  critical  Greek 
Testament.  Mr.  W.  B.  Shillaber  of  Boston  has  the 
Bible  of  1685  that  was 'the  property  01  Dr.  John 
Pickering  the  philologist,  and  the  United  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  is  in  possession  of 
the  Bible  that  belonged  to  Rev.  Ezra  Stiles,  who  was 
president  of  Yale  College  from  1778  to  1795.  Mr. 
Theodore  Irwin  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  is  the  fortunate 
possessor  of  an  Indian  Bible  of  1663  which  was  a 
presentation  copy  from  John  Eliot  to  Thomas  Shep- 
ard  in  1666.  It  contains  the  line  "Ye  gift  of  ye 
Rev'^  Translator."  This  is  the  only  Bible  that  can 
be  dii-ectly  traced  as  having  been  the  property  of  the 
"Apostle  to  the  Indians."  In  the  Lenox  Library, 
New  York  City,  may  be  seen  an  Indian  Bible  that 
once  belonged  to  the  late  George  Chalmers,  the  his- 
torian of  Scotland.  Another  copy,  that  belonged  to 
Mr.  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft,  the  ethnologist  and  In- 
dian writer,  is  in  the  library  of  Mr.  Lucius  L.  Hub- 
bard of  Cambridge,  Mass. 

The  Pilgrim  Society  of  Plymouth,  Mass.,  has  the 


imi'.si^-t.f^ 


22 


Early  Bibles. 


Eliot  of  1685  that  was  the  property  of  Hon.  William 
Gushing,  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1780. 
The  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia  has  a  copy  of 
the  edition  of  1663  that  contains  the  autograph  of 
"J.  Logan,"  who  was  the  secretary  of  William  Penn 
in  1699.  There  are  scores  of  others  of  historic 
interest.  As  might  be  expected,  there  are  several 
Bibles  that  contain  the  signatures  of  their  former 
Indian  owners,  and  these  books  in  most  cases  give 
evidence  in  blackened  and  well-thumbed  pages  of 
the  constant  use  they  had  in  their  day. 

The  primers,  grammars,  and  every  other  publica- 
tion known  to  have  appeared  in  the  Massachusetts 
dialect  are  described  at  length  in  the  "  Bibliography 
of  the  Algonquian  Language,"  by  Mr.  James  C. 
Pilling,  assisted  by  Mr.  Wilberforce  Eames. 

John  Eliot  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-six, 
after  a  life  replete  with  usefulness.  His  unselfish- 
ness, his  devotion  to  duty,  his  broad  sympathies,  his 
strength  and  gentleness  of  character,  all  made  him 
a  central  figure  in  the  history  of  colonial  times  in 
America.  Duponceau  called  him  "  the  Augustine 
of  New  England."  But  the  title  "the  Apostle  to 
the  Indians "  has  for  generations  been  associated 
with  his  name  wherever  mentioned.  In  literature  it 
api^eared  early,  for  Dr.  Leusden,  who  was  professor 
of  Hebrew  at  Utrecht,  Holland,  dedicated  in  1661 


The  Eliot  Bible. 


23 


his  English  and  Hebrew  Psalter  to  Eliot,  "  the  ven- 
erable Apostle  to  the  Indians  in  America."  The  first 
use  of  the  appellation  is  attributed  to  Rev.  Thomas 
Thorowgood,  who  first  used  it  in  1660.  It  was 
well  applied ;  for  Eliot  had  the  apostolic  spirit,  as  in- 
dicated in  a  lifelong  consecration.  Evidently  the 
thought  that  guided  him  at  all  tim  s  was  that  which 
he  once  wrote  on  the  blank  leaf  of  his  Indian  Gram- 
mar in  these  words :  "  Prayers  and  Pains,  through 
Christ  Jesus,  will  do  anything." 


n 


^V-a-A-i..^^".- ;;- 


THE  SAUR  BIBLE. 


During  the  early  days  of  the  American  colonies 
many  Germans  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  They  were 
as  a  class  frugal  and  peaceable.  They  preferred,  for 
the  most  part,  the  agricultural  districts,  where,  by 
their  industry,  they  acquired  homes,  and  earned  a 
generous  living.  Among  these  settlers  was  Chris- 
topher Saur,^  a  man  who  rose  to  a  position  of  com- 
manding influence  among  his  countrymen.  He  was 
born  at  Laasphe  in  Wittgenstein,  Germany,  in  1693 
He  received  his  education  at  the  University  of  Mar- 
burg, and  after  his  graduation  went  to  Halle,  where 
he  studied  medicine  for  several  years.  He  came 
to  this  country  in  1 724,  and  settled  at  Germantown, 
but  in  the  same  year  went  to  Lancaster  County  and 
engaged  in  farming.  In  1731  he  returned  to  Ger- 
mantown, and  followed  the  practice  of  medicine.    As 

1  Mr.  Saur  changed  the  spelling  of  his  name  when  writing  in  Eng- 
lish to  Sower,  and  his  descendants  follow  the  same  spelling.  For  the 
sake  of  uniformity,  the  German  way  of  spelling  the  word,  as  found 
on  the  title-page  of  the  Saur  Bible,  has  been  retained  in  this  article. 


/; 


BS 

re 
or 

>y 

a 

s- 

1- 

s 


re 

e 


BIBLIA, 

SMId: 


((^ 


©cl  Written  imb  r>mtm  95tt(W  t(xi  m  ht$ 
0<*HKft  6(9  S*r»»pS  £«»,  1743. 


1  '-Sij.  ;i-  . 


l'"ac-siiiiilo  of  the  tillf-page  of  the  Saur  Bible  of  1743.    Keduced  size. 


kMsumsmr 


V 


m'^^„..^ 


The  Satir  Bible. 


25 


he  was  a  man  of  decided  convictions  in  matters  of 
morality  and  religion,  he  became  interested  in  better- 
ing the  temporal  and  spiritual  condition  of  the  Ger- 
mans about  him.  He  found  them  destitute  to  a 
great  extent  of  reading- matter  in  their  own  tongue. 
He  at  once  began  to  import  Bibles  and  various  re- 
ligious books  for  their  use.  Nothing  can  illustrate 
this  better  than  the  following  remarkable  statement 
made  by  Mr.  Abraham  G.  Cassel,  a  great-grandson 
of  Christopher  Saur.  In  a  letter  to  the  author  of 
this  book  he  writes :  "  In  those  early  days  Bibles 
had  to  come  by  the  way  of  England,  and  they  were 
weighed  and  sixpence  per  ounce  was  charged  as 
duty  or  tariff,  and  as  there  were  no  regular  importers 
in  the  colony  at  that  time  the  order  had  to  be  filled  by 
the  captain  of  the  vessel,  who  sometimes  charged  as 
high  as  one  hundred  percent  for  commission,  which 
brought  up  the  Bibles  to  an  enormous  price."  As 
many  of  the  people  were  poor,  Saur  induced  several 
Bible  societies  in  Germany  to  donate  copies  of  the 
Scriptures,  and  especially  the  publishing  houses  at 
Halle  and  Biidingen.  As  time  went  on,  and  the 
intellectual  wants  of  the  German  people  became 
more  evident,  he  urged  the  publication  of  books  and 
papers  in  America.  He  knew  nothing  of  printing; 
but  an  emergency  arose  which  drew  him  into  the 
business,  which  he  followed  the  remainder  of  his  life 


V^,W.: 


26 


Early  Bibles. 


with  devotion  and  enthusiasm.  Thomas  says :  "  The 
Baptists,  or  Tunkers,  in  Germany  raised  by  subscrip- 
tion a  sum  of  money,  in  order  to  purchase  religious 
books  and  disperse  them  among  their  poor  friends  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  to  establish  a  press  there  to  print 
for  the  same  purpose.  Accordingly  a  press  and 
types,  with  a  quantity  of  books,  were  sent  out  and 
intrusted  to  the  management  of  a  German  Baptist 
by  the  name  of  Jacob  Gaus.  He  was  to  have  the 
use  of,  and  the  emolument  arising  from,  the  press, 
on  condition  that  he  should  distribute  a  certain  num- 
ber of  copies  of  each  of  the  religious  books  he  should 
print  among  the  poor  Germans.  This  person  did 
not  possess  the  ability  necessary  for  the  undertaking, 
and  no  other  person  who  was  thought  to  have  suffi- 
cient ability  for  the  purpose  was  found  to  take  his 
place.  The  business  was  suspended,  and  the  press 
and  type  viewed  as  us.eless  lumber."^  It  was  at  this 
point  that  Mr.  Saur  came  into  possession  of  the 
property.  He  set  up  his  press,  imported  workmen 
from  Germany,  and  launched  his  publishing  enter- 
prise. 

In  1738  he  began  the  printing  of  an  almanac, 
which  was  the  first  one  in  German  printed  in  this 
country.  It  was  very  small  at  first,  consisting  of 
twenty-four  pages.      It  was    enlarged   in    1743   to 

1  Thomas's  "  History  of  Printing  in  America,"  vol.  i.,  p.  271. 


The  Sanr  Bible. 


27 


thirty-six  pages,  but  by  1750  it  had  increased  to 
forty-eight  pages.  Its  publication  was  continued  for 
forty  years. 

So  great  was  the  faith  of  the  Germans  in  the  in- 
tegrity of  Mr.  Saur  that  in  seriousness  they  consulted 
his  almanac  for  weather  predictions.  A  farmer,  about 
to  make  a  journey,  referred  to  his  almanac  and  found 
the  day  marked  "  fair."  He  went  in  an  open  wagon, 
but  ere  long  a  shower  drenched  him  through  and 
thrjugh.  In  great  anger  he  called  upon  Mr.  Saur 
for  an  explanation.  The  sturdy  German  quietly 
replied :  "  My  friend,  I  made  the  almanac,  but  the 
Almighty  made  the  weather."  Mr.  Saur  printed 
the  first  number  of  a  religious  newspaper  on  August 
20,  1739,  and  also  began  the  publication  of  a  relig- 
ious quarterly,  in  German,  in  1746.  These  publi- 
cations had  a  large  circulation  among  the  German 
population.  The  newspaper  .was  the  first  religious 
newspaper  issued  in  this  country.  It  is  said  to  have 
reached  a  circulation  of  ten  thousand  copies,  which 
was  large  for  that  time. 

In  1739  Saur  published  a  book  known  as  the 
"Weyrauchs  Hiigel,"  which  is  a-  collection  of  691 
hymns,  which  was  designed  for  the  use  of  the  Eph- 
rata  Community.  Conrad  Beissel  contributed  441 
hymns,  while  other  memoers  of  the  Brotherhood 
added  a  few.     The  book  is  a  small  octavo  of  800 


■'UttkSh^SBSsa*' 


28 


Early  Bibles. 


I 


pages,  bound  in  the  old  Dutch  style,  that  is,  in  oak 
boards  covered  with  leather,  with  brass  guards  for 
the  back  and  sides.  The  edition  was  a  small  one, 
and  the  book  is  very  rare.  Its  present  market  value 
to  collectors  is  fifty  dollars.  A  great  deal  of  inter- 
est is  attached  to  this  publication,  as  it  was  the  first 
book  printed  in  the  German  language  in  the  United 
States. 

Through  his  almanac  and  newspaper  Mr.  Saur 
urged  the  publication  of  a  German  Bible,  and  pleaded 
for  help.  In  1739  he  issued  his  Proposal.  It  is  in 
several  respects  unique,  and  worth  quoting  nearly 
in  full.     He  writes: 

Therefore,  as  we  thmk  we  have  some  abilities  to  meet  this  great 
desideratum,  we  are  also  willing  to  contribute  all  that  is  in  our  power 
thereto.  IJut  as  the  j)ublishing  of  sucli  a  work  requires  a  much 
greater  outlay  than  our  means  are  adequate  to,  we  deem  it  necessary 
that  all  the  subscribers,  or,  to  speak  plainly,  all  those  who  desire  a 
copy  of  the  Bible  shall  notify  us,  and  pay  half  a  crown  which  is  neces- 
sary ;  First,  that  we  may  know  a  little  how  many  we  may  venture  to 
print.  Second,  to  assist  us  in  our  payments,  as  the  paper  for  one 
Bible  alone  costs  7^.  dd.  Thirdly,  that  if  we  should  be  necessitated 
to  involve  ourselves  by  loans  in  getting  it  up,  we  may  have  something 
to  depend  on  to  relieve  us  again  from  our  embarrassments ;  and  lastly, 
as  the  country  is  so  new  yet  that  we  have  no  example  of  the  kind  to 
pattern  after. 

The  form  shall  be  long  quarto ;  that  is,  the  height  and  breadth  like 
this  page,  and  with  the  same  type,  which  we  think  sufficiently  read- 
able to  old  and  young.  In  thickness,  it  shall  be  about  the  breadth  of 
a  hand,  for  we  are  willing  to  take  good  paper  to  it. 

Notes  or  comments  we  will  add  none,  as  we  hope  that  all  those 
who  read  the  Holy  Scriptures  with  a.  sincere  heart,  will,  through  the 


%,Jg!M 


The  Sixitr  Bible. 


29 


teachings  of  the  fear  of  (lod,  which  is  the  beginning  of  all  wisdom, 
become  sufHiciently  aciiuaiiited  with  the  sinfulness  and  depiavity  of  his 
heart,  to  seek  for  an  interest  in  the  Saviour,  through  whose  redeem- 
ing power  he  will  be  taught  to  love  llim  and  keep  Mis  wonls;  then 
the  Father  will  love  him  and  come  unto  him,  and  they  will  make  their 
abode  with  him.  Ai...  if  the  (lodhead  thus  dwells  in  him,  then  the 
Holy  Ghost  will  be  the  best  commentator  of  His  own  words;  as 
Moses,  the  Prophets,  and  Christ,  the  Apostles,  and  Kvangelists  have 
s]iokcn  and  recorded  them ;  and  that,  then,  will  be  the  correctest  and 
most  reliable  commentary. 

Concerninti  the  price,  we  cannot  say  precisely :  First,  because  we 
do  not  know  yet  how  many  we  shall  print,  for  the  smaller  the  number, 
the  higher  the  price  will  be,  and  the  larger  the  number,  the  lower  the 
price  will  be.  .Seccmd,  because  several  friends  of  the  Truth  have,  out 
of  love  to  Ciod,  and  ior  the  good  of  their  needy  neighbors,  already 
contributed  towa.d  it,  and  others  have  offered  to  do  so.  Partly,  that 
its  price  may  be  so  low  that  the  parsimonious  and  avaricious  may 
have  no  excuse,  and  those  of  lesser  means,  no  burden.  Therefore, 
in  proportion  to  the  number  of  such  benefactors,  and  as  our  own 
means  will  enable  us  to  do,  the  price  will  be.  But  this  much  we  may 
say,  that  all  unbound,  none  shall  cost  over  fourteen  shillings,  which 
we  hope  will  not  be  thought  dear,  especially  when  we  consider  that 
the  paper  alone  is  at  least  four  times  as  high  here  as  it  is  ir.  Germany. 


To  print  a  Bible  at  that  day  was  an  immense  un- 
dertaking, for  type  was  not  as  yet  manufactured  in 
the  new  country.  Workmen  were  few,  and  financial 
aid  slow  in  coming.  But  Mr.  Saur  persisted  in  his 
appeals,  and  believed  in  the  ultimate  success  of  his 
plans.  He  appealed  to  Germany  for  assistance,  as 
well  as  to  friends  in  America.  His  plea  was  not  in 
vain.  Dr.  Heinrich  Ehrenfried  Luther,  a  type-foun- 
der of  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  presented  him  with  a 


iiisssasrr 


30 


Early  Bibles. 


font  of  type,  asking  no  other  compensation  than  to 
receive  a  copy  of  the  Bible  when  completed. 

Dr.  Luther  waD  not  only  a  prominent  type-foun- 
der, but  a  man  of  literary  attainments  who  received 
university  honors.  As  a  lawyer  of  ability,  he  filled 
the  position  of  Court  Councilor  of  Wiirtemberg.  At 
that  time,  Frankfort-on-the-Main  was  one  of  the 
four  free  cities  of  Germany.  He  was  born  in  the 
above  city  in  the  year  1700,  and  died  in  1770. 

As  soon  as  the  type  was  received,  work  upon  the 
Bible  began.  The  book  was  three  years  in  going 
through  the  press,  and  the  last  sheet  was  finished 
in  August,  1 743.  Considering  the  early  day  at  which 
the  Saur  Bible  was  printed,  it  is  an  admirable  ex- 
ample of  workmanship. 

It  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in  America  in  a  Euro- 
pean language. 

The  title-page: 

"  Biblia,  Das  ist :  Die  Heilige  Schrift  Altes  und 
Neues  Testaments,  Nach  der  Deutschen  Ueberset- 
zung  D.  Martin  Luthers,  Mit  jedes  Capitels  kurtzen 
Summarien,  auch  beygefiigten  vielen  und  richtigen 
Parallelen ;  Nebst  einem  Anhang  Des  dritten  und 
vierten  Buchs  Esra  und  des  dritten  Buchs  der  Mac- 
cabaer.  Germantown :  Gedruckt  bey  Christoph  Saur, 
1743." 


ind 
kt- 
:en 

jen 
ind 
lac- 

ur, 


Fac-siiuile  of  the  armorial  ensign  of  Dr.  Ilcinricb  Ehrenfried  Luther  of 
Frankfort-on-the-Main.    lOxact  size. 


The  Saur  Bible. 


31 


Translation:  The  Bible,  That  is  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  after  the  Ger- 
man translation  of  Dr.  Martin  Luther,  with  short 
summaries  to  every  chapter,  also  many  and  correct 
parallel  references,  besides  an  Appendix  of  the  Third 
and  Fourth  Books  of  Ezra,  and  the  Third  Book  of 
Maccabees.  Germantown:  Printed  by  Christopher 
Saur,  1743. 

Collation:  Title,  one  leaf;  verso,  blank.  Preface, 
one  page.  Order  of  Books  of  Old  Testament,  one 
page.  Text,  pp.  1-805.  Apocrypha,  pp.  806-949. 
Appendix,  pp.  950-995.  New  Testament  title,  one 
leaf.  Preface,  one  leaf.  Order  of  Books,  one  page. 
Text,  pp.  3-277.  Register  of  Epistles  and  Gospels 
for  Sundays  of  Christian  Year,  two  pages.  Register 
of  Epistles  and  Gospels  for  certain  Saints'  Days,  one 
leaf.  Short  history  of  translations  of  the  Bible,  four 
pages.  In  some  copies  this  history  is  placed  between 
the  title-page  and  the  Preface.  Copies  of  this  kind 
are  few. 


Preface: 

While  all  books  require  a  preface  by  means  of  which  the  use  and 
peculiarity  of  the  book  is  briefly  described,  the  Bible  is  in  itself  suffi- 
ciently known,  and  itself  brings  all  that  can  only  be  written  about ; 
above  all  It  and  every  Scripture  given  of  God  is  useful,  for  doctrine, 
for  reproof,  for  improvement,  for  instruction  in  righteousness,  that  a 
man  of  God  may  be  perfect,  equipped  for  all  good  works,  etc.  (2  Tim. 
iii.  15,  16,  17).     Tiie  moving  causes  for  printing  this  present  Bible, 


32 


Early  Bibles. 


have  been  chiefly,  as  may  be  perceived :  Firstly,  that  so  many  poor 
Germans  come  to  the  country  who  do  not  all  bring  Bibles.  Secondly, 
that  so  many  are  born  and  bred  in  the  land,  who  also  do  not  all  know 
how  to  obtain  Bibles,  and  it  is  noticed  that  the  well-to-do  usually  care 
for  themselves  and  theirs. 

Luther's  translation  has  been  selected,  because  most  in  keeping 
with  the  usual  German  idiom,  and  though  excellent  translations,  word 
for  word,  have  all  been  discriminated  in  admirable  passages,  yet  his 
simply  expresses  but  a  single  idea.  It  is  sure  that  he  who  reads  those 
Scriptures  with  honest  heart,  which  are  clear  and  plain  and  require 
no  explanation,  will,  through  Christ's  power,  attain  to  practice,  and 
will  remain  true  to  the  selfsame  One,  who  is  to  be  placed  over  so 
many  of  God's  mysteries  as  are  needful  to  his  eternal  salvation ;  and 
he  who  will  be  a  doer  of  the  Word  and  not  merely  a  hearer  or  reader, 
deceive  neither  himself  nor  another.  To  whomsoever  aught  appears 
incomprehensible  in  reading,  and  he  lacks  true  wisdom,  let  him  ask 
it  of  God,  who  gi.es  it  richly  to  him  who  asks  in  faith  (James  i.  5). 
And  if  somewhat  be  not  granted  unto  him  for  a  season,  he  will  recog- 
nize it  as  clear  as  the  sun  at  another  time,  when  he  reaches  the  same 
standpoint  where  the  Scripture  is. 

The  Halle  Bible,  in  fact  its  34th  edition,  has  been  taken ;  Firstly, 
because  it  is  very  rich  in  parallels.  Secondly,  because  it  is  belie  \'ed 
that  it  contains  the  fewest  printing  mistakes,  because  the  type-setting 
remains  standing.  The  accusation  that  one  has  mixed  his  own  with 
it,  and  not  followed  Luther's  translation,  is  regarded  as  unworthy 
of  contradiction.  It  is  before  our  eyes,  and  whoever  compares  our 
printing  with  the  aforesaid  edition,  will  find  that  not  only  has  it  been 
adhered  to,  but  that  more  than  a  hundred  printer's  errors  have  been 
removed.  The  latter  are  remembered,  not  to  censure  that  work,  but 
that,  should  any  one  find  that  mistakes  have  again  crept  in  without 
our  knowledge,  it  may  be  forgiven  us  as  unto  other  men. 

Moreover,  no  explanations  have  been  made,  a  procedure  in  which 
we  are  as  much  at  liberty  as  others ;  F'irstly,  because  by  means  of 
Scripture  parallelisms,  one  phrase  frequently  illuminates  another  in 
the  Spiritual  sense.  Secondly,  liecause  it  is  certain  that  to  him  who 
reads  the  Scriptures  with  an  upright  heart,  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the 
heart  reveals  His  true  meaning  by  the  reading  itself;  and  according 


The  Saur  Bible. 


33 


as  every  believer  himself  undergoes  such  an  experience  in  himself, 
individually,  so  one  believes  assuredly  that  the  time  nears  when  the 
whole  earth  shall  be  full  of  the  knowledge  of  the  Lord  (Isa.  ii.  9), 
and  there  shall  be  no  need  that  brother  teach  brother  and  admonish 
him  to  know  the  Lord  (Jer.  xxxi.  34).  But  they  shall  all  be  taught 
of  God,  both  small  and  great,  when  He  shall  pour  out  His  Spirit  on 
all  flesh,  that  sons  and  daughters  prophesy,  young  men  see  visions, 
and  the  old  men  dream  dreams,  and  His  Spirit  shall  flow  upon  His 
servants  and  handmaids  (Joel  ii.  28-32).  So  will  He  himself  make 
clear  His  meaning,  and  show  His  might,  yea,  verily,  be  the  Word 
itself.     Flee  hither,  who  can ;  come  soon,  Lord  Jesus. 


The  Saur  Bible  is  a  quarto,  bound  in  beveled 
boards,  covered  with  strong  leather,  with  the  covers 
held  together  with  clasps.  It  is  printed  in  double 
columns,  with  parallel  references,  and  there  are  short 
summaries  at  the  head  of  each  chapter.  There  is  an 
ornamented  headpiece  at  the  beginning  of  Genesis, 
and  another  before  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew.  The 
general  title-page  is  printed  in  black  and  red.  The 
edition  consisted  of  twelve  hundred  copies,  and  the 
price  was  eighteen  shillings ;  that  is,  about  two  dol- 
lars and  a  half. 

Mr.  Saur  did  not  forget  his  obligation  to  Dr.  H.  E. 
Luther,  for  he  had  twelve  copies  of  his  Bible  substan- 
tially bound,  and  sent  them  on  the  5th  of  December, 
1 743,  to  Germany,  by  the  ship  "  Queen  of  Hungary." 
The  vessel,  when  near  St.  Malo,  was  attacked  by 
French  and  Spanish  pirates,  and  all  the  cargo  was 
captured.     At  the  expiration  of  two  years  the  Bibles 


34 


Early  Bibles. 


reached  their  destination,  and  came  into  the  posses- 
sion of  Dr.  Luther.  There  are  persons  who  regard 
this  account  as  highly  romantic,  and  quite  improb- 
able, but  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  its  truthfulness, 
for  it  is  placed  beyond  all  question  by  the  direct  con- 
firmation of  it  by  Dr.  Luther  in  his  own  handwriting. 
He  presented  one  of  the  twelve  copies  of  the  Saur 
Bible  to  the  Duchess  Elizabeth  Sophie  Marie  von 
Braunschweig,  who  had  a  collection  of  several  thou- 
sand rare  editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  At  her 
death  she  bequeathed  the  collection  to  the  Ducal 
Library  at  Wolfenbiittel,  Germany.  The  librarian 
of  this  institution,  Dr.  O.  von  Heinemann,  in  a  letter 
bearing  date  February  8,  1892,  speaks  of  the  presen- 
tation volume  as  "well  preserved  and  well  bound," 
In  regard  to  the  story  of  the  Bibles  falling  into  the 
hands  of  pirates,  he  says :  "  All  this  is  stated  in  a 
note,  written  in  Latin  and  signed  by  Luther  with  his 
own  hand,  attached  to  the  inside  of  the  front  cover 
of  our  copy;  as  well  as  in  a  German  translation  of 
the  same,  entirely  in  Luther's  handwriting,  inserted 
in  the  book." 

But  the  most  interesting  evidence  of  all  is  that 
written  in  the  copy  which  Dr.  Luther  retained  for 
his  own  library.  This  book  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  Dr.  J.  Haeberlin,  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  who 
is  Mr.  Luther's  great-great-grandson,  and  the  inher- 


The  Saur  Bible. 


35 


itor  of  his  possessions.  In  a  letter  dated  March  6, 
1892,  Dr.  Haeberlin  has  given  some  very  important 
information  concerning  Luther's  copy  of  the  Saur 
Bible.  He  states  that  it  contains  the  following  dedi- 
cation : 

"  This  Holy  Book,  by  the  Aid  of  God  recently 
published  in  the  German  language  in  the  Western 
World,  with  types  from  the  Luther  Printing  House, 
which  has  flourished  in  Frankfort  since  the  invention 
of  printing,  under  the  widely  known  name  of  Ege- 
nolf,  and  still  continues  to  prosper,  was  the  very  first, 
preceded  by  none  in  the  English,  Dutch,  or  any 
other  language,  and  was  sent  with  eleven  other 
copies  on  account  of  its  being  a  novel  and  rare 
production,  by  the  publisher,  Christopher  Saur,  to 
Europe :  But, '  The  Queen  of  Hungary ' — so  the  ship 
was  called, — under  the  command  of  the  Englishman 
Faulkner,  after  having  successfully  completed  the 
greater  portion  of  the  journey,  not  far  from  the  head- 
land of  the  Isle  Maclovius,  known  under  the  name  of 
St.  Malo,  feK  into  the  hands  of  French  and  Spanish 
Pirates,  who  offered  the  ship  with  its  cargo  of  wares 
and  these  12  copies,  the  Apostles  of  the  Western 
World,  as  it  were,  at  public  sale,  until  they  all  finally, 
through  a  wonderful  dispensation  of  Providence,  after 
a  lapse  of  two  years,  were  released  from  the  bands 
of  robbers,  and  delivered  uninjured  to  the  Luther 


36 


Early  Bibles. 


Printing  House,  to  whom  they  owed  their  existence. 
Depart,  then,  my  Book,  and  become  in  consideration 
of  thy  marvellous  fortunes,  under  the  name  of  'Apos- 
tle,' together  with  thy  similarly  delivered  companion 
volumes,  a  permanent  ornament  of  the  most  noted 
libraries,  in  fulfilment  of  the  well  considered  wish  and 
will  of  the  donor,  whose  written,  not  printed  name 

follows. 

"  Luther,  Dr. 

"  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  January  i,  1747." 

It  is  evident  that  Dr.  Luther  was  not  aware  of  the 
fact  that  the  Eliot  Bible  had  been  printed  in  Amer- 
ica nearly  a  hundred  years  before,  or  he  would  not 
have  said  that  the  Saur  Bible  "  was  the  very  first, 
preceded  by  none  in  the  English,  Dutch,  or  any 
other  language." 

Dr.  Luther  presented  a  second  copy  of  the  original 
twelve  Bibles  to  Count  Keyserlingk.  This  volume 
is  now  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Stuttgart.  Dr.  T. 
Schott,  the  librarian,  in  a  letter  of  February  8,  1892, 
writes : 


The  copy  is  evidently  in  its  original  binding  of  English  leather. 
The  sections  of  the  back  are  ornamented  with  small  gold  toolings,  and 
the  front  and  back  covers  have  prettily  shaped  designs  in  leather. 
There  is  a  middle  field,  or  centre-piece.  On  the  inside  of  the  front 
cover  is  a  printed  dediction  from  H.  E.  Luther  to  Count  Hermann 
Karl  Keyserlingk,  Councilor  of  the  Empress  Elizabeth  of  Russia. 


V 


Fac-siraile  of  the  Saur  Bible  presented  William  VIII ,  the  landgrave  ol 
Ilesse-Cassel.    Size  reduced. 


w 


The  Saur  Bible. 


37 


W^. 


m^ 


F 


...  vsvy*' 


According  to  the  Latin  inscription,  tlic  Count  lived  for  several  years 
in  Luther's  house.     The  same  is  dated  Frankfort,  Dec,  1745. 

Over  the  dedication  is  a  coat-of-arms,  most  likely  that  of  Luther. 
It  consists  of  a  shield  parted  diagonally  from  upper  right-hand  corner 
to  lower  left,  on  which  is  a  galloping  winged  horse.  In  the  upper 
left-hand  corner  is  a  small  division  representing  three  mountain  tops, 
on  the  middle  one  of  which  is  a  cross.  The  crest  is  also  decorated 
with  these  three  mountain  tops  and  cross. 

The  last  owner  befsre  the  copy  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
Royal  Library  of  Stuttgart  was  the  well-known  collector  of  Hibles, 
Pastor  J.  Lorck  of  Copenhagen.  The  copy  is  in  every  respect  splen- 
didly preserved. 

A  third  copy  is  now  preserved  in  the  Prince  Stol- 
berg  Library  at  Wernigerode.  The  Hbrarian,  Dr. 
Jacobs,  says :  "  Our  copy  is  well  preserved  and  in 
the  original  binding,  that  is,  the  pig-skin  binding  in 
which  Count  Christian  Ernest  of  Stolberg  had  the 
book  bound."  A  fourth  copy  was  given  by  Luther 
to  Dr.  Ruppersburg  of  Marburg.  Members  of  his 
family  came  to  this  country  in  1843  ^n*^  brought  the 
Bible  with  them,  but  just  where  it  is  in  the  United 
States  is  not  known. 

A  fifth  copy  ws  given  to  the  Landes  Bibliothek 
at  Cassel.  This  Bible  was  originally  presented  to 
William  VIII.,  the  Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel.  It 
is  ornamented  on  the  cover  with  a  gilt  representa- 
tion of  the  Hessian  lion,  with  these  initials  below  the 
lion,  "  W.  L." 

William  VIII.,  a  son  of  the  Landgrave  Karl  of 


38 


Early  Bibles. 


Hesse- Cassel,  was  born  on  the  loth  of  March,  1682, 
and  died  on  the  ist  of  February,  1760.  Upon  the 
death  of  his  brother  Frederick,  in  1 751,  he  himself 
became  Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel.  As  his  brother 
Frederick — Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel  from  1 730  to 
I  75 1 — was  also  King  of  Sweden  from  1720  until 
the  time  of  his  death  and  lived  in  that*  country, 
William  VHI.  carried  on  the  government  as  regent 
in  his  behalf  during  the  entire  period  from  1730  to 

1751- 
A  sixth  copy  from   Mr.  Saur  was  presented  to 

the  Ducal  Library  at  Gotha,  where  it  is  preserved. 

Dr.  W.  Pertsch  says  the  copy  has  the  usual  Latin 

inscription  with  the  signature  of  Dr.  Luther.     The 

date  is  1 747. 

A  seventh  copy  was  sent  by  Luther  to  Count 
Heinrich  de  Bunan,  and  this  is  now  in  the  possession 
of  the  Royal  Library  at  Dresden,  Germany. 

It  contains  a  presentation  inscription  in  these 
words : 

"  This  Holy  Book,  never  before  printed  in  the 
Western  World  in  either  English,  Dutch,  or  any 
other  language,  but  now  under  Divine  protection, 
for  the  first  time  in  German,  and  by  types  from  his 
own  foundry,  is  presented  with  the  hope  that  it  will 
give  pleasure  as  a  rarity,  and  on  account  of  its  com- 
ing from  a  remote  land,  to  the  Library  of  the  illus- 


The  Saur  Bible. 


39 


trious  Heinrich  de  Bunan,  Count  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire,  Privy  Councilor  of  His  Christian  Majesty, 
and  of  the  Imperial  Court,  and  Ambassador  of  the 
same  to  the  Orders  of  the  Circle  of  the  Rhine  and 
Lower  Saxony,  by  Heinrich  Ehrenfried  Luther, 
J.N.D.   &    C.W.A.      Frankfort-on-the-Main ;   July, 

1747." 
An  eighth  Bible  was  presei^jd  to  the  C'ty  Library 

at  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  The  tra'^slat'^tl  Latin  in- 
scription is  in  these  words: 

"This  Holy  Book,  never  before  printed  i  the 
Western  World,  either  in  English,  Dutch,  or  any 
other  language,'but  now,  under  divine  pjttection,  for 
the  first  time,  in  German,  and  by  types  from  his  own 
foundry,  is  presented  to  the  library  of  this  noble  city 
by  H.  E.  Luther,  J.N.D.  &  C.W.A.  Frankfort-on- 
the-Main,  June,  1744." 

The  letters  "J.N.D."  are  equivalent  to  the  hon- 
orary title  represented  by  LL.D.,  and  the  initials 
"  C.W.A."  indicate  "  Court  Councilor  of  Wiirtem- 
berg."  This  Bible  is  beai'tifuUy  bound  in  brown 
leather,  and  ornamented  wi';.  gilt  edges.  On  the 
rear  cover  it  bears  in  gilt  letters  the  words  "  Biblia 
Germantown.      1743." 

A  ninth  presen.alvon  copy  is  in  the  Grand  Ducal 
Museum  at  Weimar.  The  inscription,  like  the  other 
copies,  is  in  Latin,  and  similarly  worded  and  printed. 


40 


Early  Bibles. 


The  librarian,  Dr.  C.  Ruland,  says :  "  The  signature 
of  Dr.  Luther  and  the  date,  January,  1 747,  are  writ- 
ten, and  at  the  back  of  the  title-page  the  donor  has 
written  once  more  his  name.  The  book  is  in  a  per- 
fect state  of  preservation — full  calf  binding." 

A  tenth  copy  is  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Hanover, 
but  a  detailed  account  has  not  been  received  of  it. 
An  eleventh  copy  is  in  the  Royal  Library  at  Berlin. 
The  librarian,  Dr.  von  Gebhardt,  says :  "  It  has  the 
printed  Latin  inscription,  with  an  account  of  the 
fortunes  of  the  twelve  Bibles  sent  to  Europe.  A 
portion  of  the  text  as  well  as  the  date  and  the  sig- 
nature of  Dr.  Luther  are  in  writing."  This  Berlin 
copy  is  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  one,  as  on  a 
leaf  before  the  title-page  there  is  a  history  of  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  twelve  Bibles  came  into  Dr.  Luther's 
possession  after  they  left  the  hands  of  the  pirates. 
The  account  is  not  printed,  but  is  written,  and  is 
in  the  following  words :  "  This  Dr.  Luther  was  the 
agent  of  the  Duke  of  Wiirtemberg  in  Frankfort-on- 
the-Main.  He  learned  that  some  person  had  bought 
the  package  of  twelve  Bibles,  that  had  been  captured 
at  St.  Malo,  for  four  rix-doUars,^  and  wrote  to  the 
purchaser,  who  at  once  declared  himself  willing  to 
deliver  up  the  package  on  consideration  that  he 
received  the  sum  he  paid  for  it." 

1  Literally  in  German,  ' '  dollars  of  the  Empire. " 


The  Saur  Bible. 


41 


These  eleven  copies  with  Luther's  own  copy  com- 
plete the  twelve.  The  date  in  the  inscription  of  the 
copy  in  the  City  Library  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main 
is  1 744,  and  the  date  of  the  Count  Keyserlingk  copy 
is  1745.  It  is  difficult  to  reconcile  these  dates  with 
the  statement  that  the  Bibles  were  two  years  in 
reaching  Germany.  Dr.  Haeberlin  advances  the 
opinion  that  as  these  copies  contain  no  account  of 
the  sea  robbery  they  may  constitute  a  part  of  an 
earlier  shipment  made  by  Saur  to  Dr.  Luther.  This 
may  or  may  not  be  a  correct  conjecture. 

Dr.  HaeberHn  states  that  in  Luther's  copy,  which 
he  retained  for  himself,  there  is  a  memorandum  in 
his  own  handwriting  of  the  disposition  he  made  of 
the  remaining  eleven  copies.  The  list  is  as  follows : 
'•  St.  Petersburg,  Stockholm,  Copenhagen,  Berlin, 
Hanover,  Dresden,  Gotha,  Weimar,  Braunschweig, 
Cassel,  and  Stuttgart."  It  will  be  observed  that  no 
mention  is  made  in  this  list  of  the  copy  presented 
to  the  City  Library  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  or  of 
the  Prince  Stolberg  copy  at.Wernigerode.  Whether 
these  were  additional  copies  received  from  Mr.  Saur, 
or  whether  '■hey  belonged  to  the  original  twelve,  and 
had  changed  hands,  is  not  at  present  known.  Of  the 
Bibles  that  were  sent  to  individuals  or  public  libra- 
ries at  St.  Petersburg,  Stockholm,  and  Copenhagen, 
no  information  has  been  received,  though  it  has  been 


'■•S.Wji!..ii.;^*k.i;;i~ 


42 


Early  Bibles. 


solicited.  The  most  determined  correspondence  has 
brought  to  light  no  Saur  Bibles  in  these  places.  It 
seems  almost  certain  that  Luther  did  not  send  copies 
to  these  three  cities;  or,  if  sent,  they  found  their 
way  into  the  possession  of  other  owners.  He  may 
have  changed  his  mind  about  the  destination  of  his 
gifts. 

The  encouragement  and  support  that  Dr.  Luther 
gave  Saur,  in  publishing  the  Bible  in  this  country, 
not  only  called  out  the  gratitude  of  the  German  resi- 
dents, but  of  all  who  were  interested  in  the  advance- 
ment of  morals  and  religion.  Dr.  Haeberlin  says: 
"  In  later  years,  when  Franklin  visited  Europe,  he 
personally  thanked  Luther."  He  also  writes:  "Dr. 
Luther  was  given  a  large  land  grant,  which  he,  how- 
ever, never  claimed,  as  he  scorned  to  receive  any 
material  compensation.  I  do  not  know  what  became 
of  the  deed  of  the  property." 

Notwithstanding  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  Mr, 
Saur  in  giving  his  countrymen  the  Bible  in  their  own 
language,  he  did  not  receive  the  support  and  grati- 
tude he  deserved.  He  was  accused  of  selfish  and 
mercenary  motives.  Those  who  differed  from  him 
in  hi  religious  opinions  denounced  his  Bible  even 
before  it  appeared.  Booksellers  tried  to  undersell 
him  by  offering  imported  Bibles  at  low  rates.  An- 
other class  raised  opposition  by  declaring  that  his 


The  Saur  Bible. 


43 


Bible  was  not  a  genuine  rendering  of  the  Lutheran 
translation.  Relative  to  this  last  charge  he  wrote : 
"  All  that  our  adversaries  can  possibly  say  against  us 
is  concerning  our  appendix  of  the  3rd  and  4th  Books 
of  Esdras,  and  the  3rd  Book  of  the  Maccabees,  which 
is  not  Luther's.  The  Halle  edition  of  1708  con- 
tained it,  but  our  34th  edition  did  not,  or  we  should 
have  followed  it.  Hence,  therefore,  we  added  it 
from  the  Berlinberger  edition,  which  we  think  every 
child  that  has  the  least  spark  of  godliness  in  him 
must  love  and  revere.  But  whoever  does  not  like  it 
can  inform  us,  and  we  will  omit  it  in  the  binding. 
So,  also,  our  addenda  of  the  various  translations." 

Mr.  Saur  made  every  effort  to  promote  the  read- 
ing of  the  Scriptures  by  bringing  his  Bible  within 
the  reach  of  all  who  desired  it.  Just  before  it  was 
completed  he  wrote :  "  The  price  of  our  now  nearly 
finished  Bible  in  plain  binding  with  a  clasp  will  be 
eighteen  shillings,  but  to  the  poor  and  needy  we 
have  no  price." 

Mr.  Saur  was  a  many-sided  man,  and  had  much 
ingenuity  and  versatility.  He  erected  a  mill  for 
manufacturing  his  own  paper  and  ink.  He  also  did 
his  own  binding,  and  contrived  to  cast  the  type  he 
needed.  The  remarkable  statement  has  been  made 
of  him  that  he  was  familiar  with  sixteen  trades.  The 
business,  now  so  extensive,  of  making  cast-iron  stoves 


44 


Early  Bibles. 


is  said  to  have  originated  with  him.  The  profession 
of  medicine  he  never  abandoned. 

Mr,  Saur  died  in  1758,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five, 
and  was  buried  in  the  rear  of  his  dwelling  at  Ger- 
mantown. 

He  was  succeeded  in  business  by  his  only  son,  of 
the  same  name.  He,  like  his  father,  was  a  man  of 
pronounced  executive  ability.  He  enlarged  the  busi- 
ness and  continued  the  publication  of  the  newspaper 
and  almanac.  In  addition  he  printed  and  bound 
over  two  hur'!*ed  books.  Several  mills  were  en- 
gaged in  manufacturing  his  paper,  and  he  had  work- 
men to  engrave  his  woodcuts.  He  built  a  type  foun- 
dry, which  was  the  first  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 
This  gave  him  all  the  type  he  needed,  and  enabled 
him  to  supply  other  printers.  This  foundry  expanded 
as  the  years  went  on,  and  is  now  represented  by  the 
firm  of  L.  Johnson  &  Co.  of  Philadelphia,  who  are  at 
the  head  of  the  largest  type  establishment  in  the 
United  States. 

In  1 763  Christopher  Saur  printed  the  second  edi- 
tion of  the  German  Bible.  It  is  a  quarto,  and  resem- 
bles the  first  edition  in  its  general  appearance,  but 
differs  from  it  in  some  respects.  Both  the  title-pages 
are  printed  in  black,  and  the  type  throughout  the 
book  is  set  closer.  A  portion  of  the  last  chapter  of 
the  Fourth  Book  of  Ezra,  and  the  whole  of  the  Third 


The  Saiir  Bible. 


45 


Book  of  Maccabees,  are  printed  in  smaller  type  than 
the  other  parts  of  the  book.  The  letters  of  the 
general  title  also  differ  in  size  from  those  of  the  first 
edition.  The  preface  is  a  new  one,  and  is  entirely 
unlike  that  of  the  Bible  of  1 743.     It  reads : 


Herewith  appear,  in  this  American  part  of  the  world,  the  Holy 
Scriptures — called  the  Bible — publicly  printed  for  the  second  time  in 
the  High  German  language,  to  the  honor  of  the  German  nation, — in- 
asmuch as  no  other  nation  can  claim  to  have  printed  the  Bible,  in  this 
part  of  the  world,  in  its  own  language. 

May  God  then  bless  and  accompany  this  edition  unto  the  hearts  of 
its  readers ;  yea,  may  He  awaken  in  all  hearts  such  a  holy  desire  and 
pure  motive  in  the  perusal  of  this  holy  work,  accompanying  that 
perusal  with  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  His  Spirit,  that  no 
one  may  venture  to  call  such  written  and  printed  Word  a  dead  letter ; 
but  may,  on  the  contrary,  be  able  to  say,  with  Piter  (John  vi.  68), 
"  Lord,  to  whom  shall  we  go?  Thou  hast  the  words  of  eternal  life," 
and,  as  given  forth  by  Jesus,  a  few  verses  preceding,  "  The  words 
that  I  speak  unto  you,  they  are  spirit  and  they  are  life. "  Now  we 
observe  that  these  were  the  same  words  at  which  many  took  offence, 
and  forthwith  ceased  to  accompany  Jesus ;  of  which  person  Peter 
could  s^y,  "  Thou  hast  the  words  of  eternal  life." 

Should  any  one  read  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  find  no  attraction  nor 
insight  therein,  let  him  ascribe  the  fault,  not  to  the  Scriptures,  but  to 
his  own  dead  heart.  Let  him  inwardly  sigh  and  pray  God  to  renew 
and  change  his  heart,  through  the  Holy  Ghost,  who  is  the  Producer 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures  (2  Pet.  i.  20,  21).  So  shall  God  give  him 
that  same  Holy  Spirit,  which  "  will  guide  you  into  all  truth,"  accord- 
ing to  John  xvi.  13,  and  "  bring  all  things  to  your  remembrance, 
whatsoever  Jesus  hath  said  unto  you  "  (John  xiv.  26).  "  \i  our 
gospel  be  hid,  it  is  hid  to  them  that  are  lost.  In  whom  the  god  of 
this  world  hath  blinded  the  minds  of  them  which  believe  not,  lest  the 
light  of  the  glorious  gospel  of  Christ  .  .  .  should  shine  unto  them  " 
(2  Cor.  iv.  3,  4).     And  so,  if  the  Scriptures  be  obscure  unto  us,  it  is 


*•■  I 


46 


Early  Bibles. 


because  of  the  blinding  of  our  minds,  and  if  the  Scriptures  be  a  dead 
letter  unto  us,  it  is  because  of  the  death  that  dwelleth  within  us 
(Roin.  V.  12). 

The  Holy  Scriptuies  can  be  well  likened  to  a  good  and  well-prepared 
article  of  food,  which,  to  a  sick  person,  who  hath  a  distaste  for  all 
food  and  desireth  not  to  partake  thereof,  is  a  tasteless  and  strength- 
less  dish,  from  which  he  deriveth  not  the  slightest  nourishment ;  but 
if  the  same  be  placed  before  a  hungry  man  and  he  eat  thereof,  the 
apparently  lifeless  food  strengtheneth  him  materially,  and  he  enjoyeth 
the  life-giving  power  that  God  hath  imparted  to  it,  by  virtue  of  which 
he  becometh  strong  for  the  performance  of  his  natural  tasks :  Even 
so  is  a  heart  that  longeth  for  the  salvation  of  its  soul  exceedingly 
strengthened  by  an  attentive  perusal  of  the  divine  testimonials  in  the 
Holy  Scriptures. 

As,  however,  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
are  in  themselves  so  glorious,  majestic,  mighty  and  perfect,  that  they 
need  no  human  praise,  likewise  are  not  made  more  effective  by  the 
testimony  of  man,  I  am  not  inclined  to  burden  them  with  a  long  pref- 
ace. That  God  may  himself  speak  a  powerful  Ephphatha  in  all  hearts 
and  ears  that  read  this  Bible,  yea  (where  possible)  in  all  mankind,  is 
the  earnest  desire  of  your  faithful  friend  and  welUwisher. 

Chr.  Saur. 

Germantown,  the  8th  December,  1763. 


I  I 


This  second  issue  of  the  Bible  consisted  of  an  edi- 
tion of  two  thousand  copies. 

Thirteen  years  later  Mr.  Saur  was  prepared  to 
send  out  the  third  edition  of  the  German  Bible — 
that  of  1776 — which  was  also  the  last.  The  print- 
ing of  the  three  thousand  copies — the  extent  of  the 
edition — had  been  completed,  and  the  leaves  had 
been  stitched  together  and  awaited  the  finishing 
touches  of  the  binder  in  applying  the  covers;  but 


Saur  Bible. 


47 


u- 


le 
id 


the  war  between  the  colonies  and  Great  Britain  in- 
terrupted the  work. 

At  the  invasion  of  Germantown  Mr.  Saur  fled  from 
the  place,  and  the  British  troops  destroyed  nearly 
all  the  copies  of  the  Bible,  by  converting  the  leaves 
into  litter  for  their  horses,  and  by  using  the  paper 
for  their  cartridges.  Catharine  Saur,  the  daughter 
of  the  publisher,  secured  ten  copies,  and  after  they 
were  bound  presented  them  to  her  children. 

The  preface  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  edition  of 
1763.  It  is  signed,  but  not  dated.  The  title-pages 
are  the  same,  with  a  similar  reduction  of  the  type  in 
the  middle  of  the  book.  Substantially,  the  editions 
of  1763  and  1776  are  one  and  the  same. 

At  the  battle  of  Germantown  in  1777  Saur  fled  to 
Philadelphia,  which  was  then  held  by  British  soldiers. 
As  he  had  not  expressed  himself  as  in  sympathy  with 
the  colonies,  he  was  suspected  of  being  disloyal  to 
the  country,  and  his  property  was  confiscated,  and 
his  types,  paper,  books,  printing  material,  and  other 
possessions  were  sold  under  the  hammer.  The  harsh 
estimate  with  which  he  was  regarded  by  many  was 
greatly  softened  by  time,  and  his  opposition  to  the 
struggle  for  independence  is  supposed  to  have  arisen 
from  his  conscientious  dislike  of  war  and  revolution. 

Saur  died  in  1784,  leaving  five  sons  and  three 
daughters.     His  business,  though  sadly  disturbed  by 


i.«.;i:-'.>'t:cjiii.,j*u..>.ij. 


48 


Early  Bibles. 


the  war,  descended  to  his  son,  Christopher  Saur  the 
third.  Generations  of  printers  sprang  from  this 
stock,  and  the  publishing  house  in  Philadelphia  still 
bearing  the  name  of  Saur  can  point  back  to  an  hon- 
orable record  extending  over  one  hundred  and  fifty 
years.  There  were  but  three  issues  of  the  Saur 
Bibles,  but  a  number  of  editions  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  German  came  from  the  presses  of  this  family. 
These  publications  bear  the  dates  of  1745,  1755, 
1760,  1 761,  1763,  1764,  1769,  and  1775.  The  edi- 
tions of  1 761  and  1764  are  extremely  rare.  O'Cal- 
laghan  does  not  mention  them,  and  evidently  was 
not  aware  of  their  existence.  The  first  Saur  Tes- 
tament of  1745  is  an  octavo  volume  of  592  pages. 
The  title-page  is  printed  in  red  and  black,  and  the 
text  is  in  double  columns.  The  references  are  nu- 
merous. It  is  without  preface.  The  New  Testa- 
ment of  1755  is  also  an  octavo,  but  that  of  1760 
and  the  five  following  it  are  duodecimos.  The 
prices  vary  according  to  date  and  scarcity.'  The 
first  edition  of  the  Saur  Bible — that  of  1743 — is  a 
scarce  book,  and  commands  a  high  price.  A  copy 
offered  at  the  Brinley  sale  a  few  years  ago  brought 
$350.  This  is  the  highest  price  ever  paid  .or  a  Saur 
Bible.^  The  editions  of  1763  and  1776  are  not  con- 
sidered as  valuable.    A  copy  of  the  latter  date  brought 


I 

li 


Appendix  II. 


2  Appendix  G. 


^ 


The  Saur  Bible. 


49 


at  the  Brinley  sale  $25.  The  last  issue — that  of  1 776 
— is  usually  sold  for  $10.  Nearly  all  the  copies  of 
the  Saur  Bible  are  owned  in  the  United  State;  and 
Germany.^  No  library  making  a  specialty  of  Amer- 
icana can  be  considered  complete  without  possessing 
this  Bible,  the  first  printed  in  this  country  in  a  Euro- 
pean language. 

The  New  Testament  in  German  was  published  in 
several  places  in  the  United  States  after  the  Saur 
Bible  of  1776,  but  no  issue  of  the  entire  Bible  in 
German  was  undertaken  for  thirty  years.  Then, 
in  1805,  Gottlob  Yungmann  published  at  Reading, 
Pa.,  a  German  Bible  in  quarto.  In  typography  and 
general  appearance  it  resembles  the  Saur  Bible,  and 
may  be  considered  a  continuation  of  it,  and  evidently 
the  publisher  so  intended  it  to  be.  In  the  preface 
he  says : 

In  this  part  of  the  world,  which  is  called  the  American  United 
States,  there  appear  once  more,  after  a  lapse  of  thirty  years,  the  Holy 
Scriptures  (which  are  also  called  the  Bible),  publicly  printed  in  the 
High  German  language,  to  the  honor  of  the  descendants  of  the  old 
German  nation.  Whether  a  Bible  in  the  language  mentioned  will 
again  make  its  appearance  in  these  United  States,  is  open  to  much  and 
great  doubt,  more  especially  as  the  German  language  is  declining  in 
them  with  such  extraordinary  rapidity,  and  is  suffering  English,  as 
the  established  and  generally  used,  and,  indeed,  preferable  language, 
to  make  astonishing  progress.  Whether  this  is  to  h".  ascribed  more 
to  the  industrious  reading  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  by  the  English  de- 


Appendix  F. 


V 


50 


Early  Bibles. 


scentlants  in  this  part  of  the  world,  or  to  something  else,  whatever  it 
may  be,  I  will  not  here  inquire,  but  recommend  it  to  every  individual 
German  descendant  himself,  for  investigation  and  alteration. 


After  speaking  of  the  value  of  the  Word  of  God  to 
"  apostate  human  creatures,"  he  refers  to  Christopher 
Saur,  and  ends  by  quoting  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
preface  of  the  Saur  Bible  of  1776.  This  publication 
by  Yungmann  never  reached  a  second  edition. 


whatever  it 
individual 


God  to 

stopher 

of  the 

lication 


..<4   .■■ 


T  M  .E 


HOLY    BIBLE,!  ( 

Conteinins  the  Oto  anil  Nt«r  •  ^ 

T  E  S  t  A  M  E  N  T  S;  I 

"*  Newly  tranflated  out  of  the 

Original  Tongues;  ] 

And  with  the  former 


J, 

n 
I  ■  .  I 

jTRANSLATI ON  S  t 

Diligriitly  compared- )in<i  rcvifed. 


Kac-slmile  of  the  title  pnge  of  the  Aitken  Bible,  17S2.    Exact  size. 


THE  AITKEN  BIBLE. 


/ 


The  story  of  the  effort  to  publish  the  Bible  in 
English  in  America  is  a  record  through  long  years 
of  well-laid  plans,  earnest  appeals,  many  disappoint- 
ments, deferred  hopes,  and  final  success.  The  man 
who  was  the  leader  in  this  movement  was  Cotton 
Mather.  He  spent  fifteen  years  in  the  preparation 
of  his  "  Biblia  Americana."  In  1710  he  announced 
its  completion  and  urged  its  publication.  Had  it 
seen  the  light  of  day  in  printed  form,  it  would  have 
filled  with  its  numerous  notes  and  comments  two 
folio  volumes.  But  in  those  early  days  of  narrow 
resources  no  publisher  was  willing  to  undertake  the 
work.  In  17 13  Mi.  Mather  issued  a  second  prospec- 
tus, which  was  distributed  largely  in  London  with 
the  hope  that  assistance  might  be  had  from  English 
printers,  but  this  was  attended  only  with  failure  and 
disappointment.  A  third  and  last  effort  to  get  Mr. 
Mather's  work  into  print  was  made  in  1 728,  but  with 
the  same  lack  of  success.  The  manuscript  of  the 
"  Biblia  Americana  "  is  in  the  archives  of  the  His- 

51 


kMlmUit»JiiifJI,„' 


52 


Early  Bibles. 


torical  Society  of  Massachusetts,  where  it  remains 
as  evidence  of  fifteen  years  of  fruitless  labor.  Mr. 
Mather  rejoiced  at  the  publication  of  Eliot's  Indian 
Bible,  and  his  heart  would  have  been  gladdened  by 
seeing  an  English  Bible  from  an  American  press,  but 
he  died  without  the  sight.  The  dream  of  his  life 
was  never  realized,  and  that,  too,  after  patient  labor 
and  years  of  waiting. 

The  next  effort  to  print  a  Bible  in  English  came 
from  John  Fleming,  a  Scotchman  by  birth  and  a 
resident  of  Boston.  He  was  a  printer  by  trade,  and 
seems  at  the  beginning  to  have  had  strong  hopes  of 
accomplishing  his  object.  What  his  publication 
might  have  been  can  be  judged  from  the  prospectus 
which  was  issued  in  1770.     Here  are  its  words: 

The  first  Bible  ever  printed  in  America.  Proposals  for  Printing  by 
Subscription  in  a  most  beautiful  and  elegant  manner  in  two  large  Vol- 
umes Folio,  the  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  : 
or  a  Family  Bible,  with  Annotations  and  Parallel  Scriptures.  Con- 
taining : 

I.  An  Interpretation  of  all  the  difficult  Phrases  and  \Vords. 
II.   Parallel    Scriptures   both   as   to   Matter   and   Words,  with  an 
Analysis,  thereby  shewing  the  Frame  and  Contexture  of  the  Whole. 

To  which  is  annexed  the  Reduction  of  Jewish  Wei-^hts,  Coins  and 
Measures  to  our  English  Standards ;  and  a  Table  of  the  Scripture 
Promises.     By  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Clark,  M.A. 

*,*  This  Work  is  recommended  in  the  strongest  Manner  to  every 
serious  Christian  as  best  calculated  for  Universr'  Edification,  of  any 
Book  of  this  kind  ever  yet  published.  By  the  late  Worthy  and  Rev. 
George  Whitefield,  A.M.     Subscriptions  are  taken  in  by  John  Flem- 


; 


The  Ait  ken  Bible. 


53 


/ 


an 

lole. 

and 

bture 


ing,  at  his  Printing-Office  in  Newbury  Street,  nearly  opposite  the 
White-Horse  Tavern,  Boston. 

Conditions. 

I.  The  Text  of  this  Bible  will  be  printed  on  a  very  fine  new  Type, 
which  by  good  Judges,  has  been  pronounced  preferable,  both  as  to 
Size  and  Elegance,  to  that  on  which  Mr.  Baskervill's  Celebrated  Bible 
is  printed.  (Bas'.crvilV s  Bible  without  Annotations  costs  the  Sub- 
scribers four  Guieneas.)  The  Notes  will  be  printed  on  a  Type  some- 
what smaller  than  the  Text,  though  considerably  larger  than  the 
Notes  to  any  Bible  ever  yet  Published.  Of  both  these  Types  the  an- 
nexfed  two  Pages  are  Specimens. 

II.  The  paper  (which  is  to  be  the  Mamifactitre  of  this  Country^ 
shall  be  the  same  with  that  on  which  these  Proposals  are  printed. 

N.  B.  A  few  Copies  will  be  printed  on  superfine  Imperial  Paper, 
if  Subscribed  for. 

III.  In  order  to  render  the  above  work  easy  to  the  Buyer,  it  is  pro- 
posed, that  a  Number  containing  Five  Sheets,  or  Twenty  Pages,  of 
the  same  size  with  the  annexed  Specimen  (sewed  in  a  Cover)  be  ready 
to  be  delivered  to  Subscribers  every  Fortnight,  at  the  Price  of  One 
Shilling  Sterling  each  Number.  The  superfine  Imperial  Paper,  double 
Price. 

IV.  From  the  splendid  Manner  in  which  it  is  intended  to  execute 
this  Work,  it  is  computed  it  will  extend  to  Three  Hundred  and 
Fifty  Sheets,  or  Seventy  Numbers  : — Should  it  exceed,  the  Over- 
plus will  be  delivered  gratis  to  the  Subscribers. — If  it  be  comprised 
in  fewer  Numbers,  our  Author's  much  admired  Harmony  of  the 
Gospel,  will  be  added  to  this  W ark. 

V.  In  order  to  encourage  Booksellers,  Country  Traders,  and  all 
others  to  promote  Suliscriptions  for  this  grand  and  useful  Work,  the 
Publisher  will  give  Two  Copies,  gratis,  to  such  as  shall  collect  One 
Dozen  of  Subscribers,  receiving  the  Money  from  them. — Booksellers, 
Country  Traders,  &c.,  may  be  supplied  with  Proposals,  by  applying 
to  John  Fleming  at  his  Printing  Office,  Newbury-Street,  nearly  op- 
posite the  White-Horse  Tavern,  Boston ;  where  Subscriptions  are 
taken  in. 

VI.  The  Subscribers'  names  will  be  printed. 


I 


54 


Early  Bibles. 


N.  B.  The  great  expence  with  which  this  Work  will  necessarily  be 
attended,  renders  it  imprudent  for  the  publisher  to  venture  on  it  with- 
out the  Assistance  of  a  Subscription. — He  hopes,  that  as  it  is  iki^  first 
Undertaking  of  the  kind  EVKR  attempted  in  Amkrica,  he  will  meet 
with  such  Encouragement  as  will  enable  him  to  render  this  Work 
as  correct,  elegant,  and  perfect,  as  the  Importance  of  it  demands. 
Should  his  Expectations  in  this  respect  be  answered,  no  care,  pains 
nor  expence  shall  be  spared.  And  he  flatters  himself,  he  shall,  at  the 
Close  of  the  Publication  have  the  Honour  to  present  to  this  Country, 
as  correct  and  beautiful  an  Edition  of  the  Sacred  Writings,  with  An- 
notations, as  has  hitherto  appeared  in  Any  Part  of  the  World. 

**  This  Work  will  be  put  to  the  Press  as  soon  as  Threk  HrxDRED 
are  subscril)ed  for,  and  a  Number,  containing  Five  Sheets,  will  be 
regularly  published  every  Fortnight,  till  the  whole  is  completed. 

Every  detail  seems  to  have  been  anticipated  in 
these  proposals,  and  so  attractive  a  Bible  to  be 
printed  on  American  soil  should  easily  have  secured 
the  required  number  of  subscribers.  Nevertheless 
they  did  not  respond,  and  the  enterprise  dropped 
out  of  sight.  In  the  case  of  Mather  the  manuscript 
went  begging  for  a  printer,  while  in  the  case  of  Flem- 
ing the  printer  went  begging  for  patrons  for  his  book, 
and  both  men  had  to  face  failure. 

The  urgency  of  the  situation  became  more  pro- 
nounced when  the  rupture  took  place  between  the 
colonies  and  Great  Britain.  The  people  had  de- 
pended chiefly  upon  importations  for  their  literature, 
and  when  these  were  cut  off  there  was  a  general 
destitution  in  the  way  of  Bibles  as  well  as  of  other 
books.       The    situation    was    grave    and   a  remedy 


The  Ait  ken  Bible. 


55 


needed.  It  was  thought  wise  to  bring  the  matter 
before  the  Government,  and  the  Rev.  Patrick  Alli- 
son, D.D.,  chaplain  to  Congress,  with  others  whose 
names  have  not  come  down  to  us,  presented  a  me- 
morial to  that  body.  It  was  referred  to  a  committee, 
who  submitted  a  report  to  Congress  on  September 
II,  1777.  This  document  and  the  action  taken  con- 
cerning it  are  recorded  in  the  Journal  of  Congress 
for  1777-78.     The  minute  is  as  follows: 

The  Committee  to  whom  the  Memorial  of  Doctor  Allison  and  others 
was  referred,  report,  that  th  ;y  have  conferred  fully  with  the  printers, 
&c.,  in  this  city,  and  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  proper  types  for 
printing  the  ISible  are  not  to  be  had  in  this  country,  and  that  the  paper 
cannot  be  procured,  but  with  such  difficulties  and  subject  to  such  cas- 
ualties as  to  render  any  dependence  on  it  altogether  improper :  that 
to  import  types  for  the  purjjose  of  setting  up  an  entire  edition  of  the 
Bible,  and  to  strike  off  30,000  copies,  with  paper,  binding,  &c.,  will 
coot  10.272/.  loj.  OiL,  which  must  be  advanced  by  Congress  to  be  re- 
imbursed by  the  sale  of  tlie  books  :  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  Com- 
mittee considerable  difficulties  will  attend  the  procuring  the  types  and 
paper,  that  afterwards  the  risque  of  importing  them  will  considerably 
enhance  the  cost,  and  that  the  calculatiims  are  subject  to  such  uncir- 
tainty  in  the  present  state  of  affairs,  th.it  Congress  cannot  much  rely 
on  them :  that  the  use  of  the  Bible  is  so  universal  and  its  importance 
so  great,  that  your  Committee  refer  the  above  to  the  consideration  of 
Congress,  and  if  Congrr.  s  shall  not  tliink  it  expedient  to  order  the 
importation  of  types  and  paper,  the  C<jmmittee  recommend  that  Con- 
gress will  order  the  Committee  of  Congress  to  import  20,000  Bibles 
from  Holland,  Scotl.ind,  or  elsewhere,  into  the  different  parts  of  the 
States  of  the  Union. 

Whereujion  it  was  resolved  accordingly  to  direct  said  Committee  to 
import  20,000  copies  of  the  Bible. 

On  this  motion,  Mew  Hampshire,   Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 


:,-iiiMi>mUjM^inr:s,~ 


56 


Early  Bibles. 


Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Georgia,  voted  in  the 
affirmative;  New  York,  Delp.ware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Caro- 
lina, and  South  Carolina  in  the  iiCgative. 

During  the  agitation  of  this  subject  Mr.  Robert 
Aitken  of  Philadelphia  was  encouraged  to  issue  an 
edition  of  the  New  Testament,  which  appeared  from 
his  press  in  1777.  A  copy  preserved  in  the  Lenox 
Library,  New  York,  enables  us  to  see  how  humble 
this  effort  was,  for  the  book  is  but  a  small  duodecimo. 
The  title-page  is  as  follows : 

"  The  New  Testament  Of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ ;  Newly  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Greek;  And  with  the  former  Translations  Diligently 
compared  and  revised.  Appointed  to  be  read  in 
Churches.  Philadelphia:  Printed  and  Sold  by  R. 
Aitken,  Printer  and  Bookseller,  Front  Street.  1777- 
Spcctauiu:  age n do.'' 

These  last  words  form  a  motto  and  are  placed  on  a 
scroll.  The  letters  of  the  imprint  are  supported  by 
two  children,  and  the  crest  is  a  bird  with  an  olive- 
branch  in  its  mouth.  On  the  back  of  the  title-page 
are  the  words,  "  The  Order  of  the  Books  of  the  New 
Testament  witlv  their  Names,  and  the  Numbers  of 
their  Chapters."  The  printed  matter  of  the  text 
runs  from  page  3  to  page  353,  and  there  are  no  head- 
ings.    On  the  verso  of  page  353  are  these  words: 


The  Aitkcn  Bible. 


57 


"Books  Printed  and  Sold  at  R.  Aitken's  Printing 
Office  opposite  the  London  Coffee-House  Front- 
Street." 

Second  and  third  editions  of  the  New  Testament 
appeared  in  1778  and  1779,  and  the  fourth  in  1781. 
Encouraged  by  the  reception  which  had  been  given 
the  publication  of  the  New  Testament,  Mr,  Aitken 
announced  his  purpose  of  printing  an  edition  of  the 
entire  Bible,  and  in  1 781  presented  a  petition  to  Con- 
gress, seeking  support  and  sanction.  His  petition 
was  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Duane,  McKean,  and  Witherspoon,  who  on  Septem- 
ber 21,  1782,  made  the  following  report: 

That  Mr.  Aitkcn  has  at  a  great  expence  now  finished  an  American 
edition  of  the  iioly  Scriptures  in  I'^nglish  ;  that  the  Committee  have, 
from  time  to  time,  attended  tn  liis  progress  in  the  work;  that  they 
also  recommended  it  to  the  Two  t'haphiins  of  Congress  to  examine 
and  give  their  opinion  of  the  execution,  who  have  accordingly  reported 
thereon,  the  recommendation  and  rejiort  being  as  follows : 

"  I'liii.ADKM'HlA,  September  ist,  1782. 
"  Reverend  Genti.emkn  :  Our  knowledge  of  your  piety  and  pub- 
lic spirit  leads  us  without  ajjology  to  recommend  t(j  your  particular  at- 
tention the  edition  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  publishing  by  Mr.  Aitken. 
He  undertook  this  expensive  work  at  a  time  when  from  the  circum- 
stances of  the  War,  an  English  edition  of  the  Bible  could  not  be 
imported,  nor  any  opinion  formed  how  long  the  obstruction  might 
continue.  On  tliis  account  particularly  he  deserves  applause  and  en- 
couragement. We  therefore  wish  you,  reverend  gentlemen,  to  ex- 
amine the  execution  of  tlie  work,  and  if  approved  to  give  it  the  sanction 
of  your  judgment  and  the  weight  of  your  recommendation. 


*>i*.::blnfJ.iiUMntilit-A  , 


I 


ii§ 


58 


Early  Bibles. 


"  We  are,  with  very  great  respect,  your  most  obedient  humble  ser- 
vants, 

"(Signed)    James  Duane,  CJiainmin, 

in  behalf  of  a  Committee  of  Congress, 
on  Mr.  Aitken's  Memorial. 

"  Reverend  Doctor  Wiiitk  ami  ' 
Reverend  Mr.  Dukkiei.u,  Chap- 
lains of  the  United  States  in  Con- 
gress Assembled." 

"Hi'ft'it. 

"Gentlemen:  Agreeably  to  your  desire,  we  have  paid  attention 
to  Mr.  Robert  Aitken's  impression  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  of  the  old 
and  new  testament.  Having  selected  and  examined  a  variety  of  pas- 
sages throughout  the  work,  we  are  of  opinion  that  it  is  executed  with 
great  accuracy  as  to  the  sense,  and  with  as  few  grammatical  and  typo- 
graphical errors  .is  could  be  expected  in  an  undertaking  of  such 
magnitude.  Heing  ourselves  witness  of  the  demand  for  the  invaluable 
book  we  rejoice  in  the  present  prospect  of  a  supply,  hoping  that  it 
will  prove  as  advantageous  as  it  is  honorable  to  the  gentleman,  who 
has  exerted  himself  to  furnish  it  at  the  evident  risk  of  his  jirivate 
fortune. 

"  We  are,  gentlemen,  your  very  respectful  and  humble  servants, 

"(Signed)     \Vii.i.iAM  Wiinr, 

George  Dueeield. 

"  Honorable  James  Diane,  Ksquiie,  C/iainiiiui, 
and  the  other  honorable  gentlemen  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Congress  on  Mr.  Aitken's  MemoriaL 

"  Puii.AnEi.iMDA,  September  10,  1782." 

^Vhe^eupon, 

A'tSi'/rvi/,  That  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  highly 
approve  the  pious  anil  laudable  undertaking  of  Mr.  Aitken,  as  subser- 
vient to  till  interest  if  religion  as  well  as  the  progress  of  the  arts  in 
this  country,  and  being  satisfied  from  the  above  rejiort,  of  his  care 
and  .iccur.iry  in  the  execution  of  t!ie  work,  they  recommend  this  edition 
of  the  Bible  t'>  the  inhabitants  of  the  I'nited  States,  and  hereliy 
authorize  him  to  publish  this  recommendation  in  the  manner  he  shall 
think  proper. 


The  Ait  ken  Bible. 


59 


Mr.  Aitken's  Bible  was  issued  from  his  press  in 
Philadelphia  in  1 782.  It  was  usually  bound  in  two 
volumes,  though  in  some  cases  copies  have  been 
found  that  are  bound  in  one  volume.  It  is  in  size  a 
small  duodecimo,  printed  in  brevier  type.  The  whole 
page  measures  6  inches  long  by  3^  inches  wide. 
The  printed  paper  is  5^  inches  long  and  3^  inches 
wide.     The  title-page  reads: 

"  The  Holy  Bible,  Containing  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments :  Newly  translated  out  of  the  Original 
Tongues,  And  with  the  former  Translations  Diligently 
compared  and  revised.  Philadelphia :  Printed  and 
Sold  by  R.  Aitken,  at  Pope's  Head,  Three  doors  above 
the  Coffee  House,  in  Market  Street.    M.DCC.LXXXII." 

The  title-page  also  contains  the  State  arms  of 
Pennsylvania,  wliich  consist  of  an  escutcheon  with 
representations  ot  ship,  plow,  and  sheaves  of  wheat. 
The  crest  is  an  eagle,  and  the  supporters,  rampant 
horses.  The  motto  is  "  Virtue,  Liberty,  and  Inde- 
pendence." The  back  of  the  title-page  is  blank. 
Then  follow  the  "  Resolutions  of  Congress,"  occu- 
pying one  and  a  half  pages.  The  next  half-page 
contains  "  Names  and  Order  of  all  the  Books  of  the 
O.  &  N.  Test."  The  Bible  throughout  has  no  paging. 
The  New  Testament  title-page  is  the  same  as  that  of 
the  edition  of  the  previous  year,  1781.  It  reads  as 
follows : 


6o 


Early  Bibles. 


"  The  New  Testament  Of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ ;  Newly  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Greek  •  And  with  the  former  Translations  Diligently 
compared  and  revised.  Philadelphia:  Printed  and 
Sold  by  R.  Aitken,  Bookseller,  opposite  the  Coflfee- 
House,  Front  Street.     M.DCC.LXXXI." 

The  title-page  also  contains  a  woodcut  of  a  hat 
and  flute.  On  the  back  of  the  same  page  is  this 
line : 

"  Names  and  Order  of  the  Books  of  the  N.  T." 

Below,  in  large  letters,  are  found  the  initials 


Was  Mr.  Aitken's  Bible  the  very  first  printed  in 
America  in  the  Englisk  language  ?  This  question 
was  vigorously  discussed  for  many  years,  but  with  the 
light  we  now  have,  it  should  be  considered  settled. 

Mr.  Isaiah  Thomas,  in  his  "  History  of  Printing 
in  America,"  when  rsferring  to  the  booksellers  of 
Boston,  says:^  "  Kneeland  &  Green  printed,  princi- 
pally for  Daniel  Henchman,  an  edition  of  the  Bible 

1  Thomas's  "  History  of  Printing,"  vol.  i.,  pp.  107,  io8. 


The  Ait  ken  Bible. 


6i 


in  small  4to.  This  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in 
America  in  the  English  language.  It  was  carried 
through  the  press  as  privately  as  possible,  and  has 
the  London  imprint  of  the  copy  from  which  it  was 
reprinted, — viz., '  London :  Printed  by  Mark  Baskett, 
Printer  to  the  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty,' — in 
order  to  prevent  a  prosecution  from  those  in  England 
and  Scotland,  who  published  the  Bible  by  a  patent 
from  the  crown,  or  cum  privilcgio,  as  did  the  English 
universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  When  I  was 
an  apprentice,  I  often  heard  those  who  had  assisted 
at  the  case  and  press  in  printing  this  Bible  make 
mention  of  the  fact.  The  late  Governor  Hancock 
was  related  to  Henchman,  and  knew  the  particulars 
of  the  transaction.  He  possessed  a  copy  of  this  im- 
pression. As  it  has  a  London  imprint,  at  this  day  it 
can  be  distinguished  from  an  English  edition  of  the 
same  date  only  by  those  who  are  acquainted  with 
the  niceties  of  typography.  This  Bible  issued  from 
the  press  about  the  time  that  the  partnership  of 
Kneeland  &  Green  expired.  The  edition  was  not 
large ;  I  have  been  informed  that  it  did  not  exceed 
seven  or  eight  hundred  copies." 

The  correctness  of  this  statement  has  been  assailed 
by  Mr.  Bancroft,  who,  in  his  "  Hi-story  of  the  United 
States,"^  says  that  Thomas  "repeats  only  what  he 


1  Bancroft's  "  History  of  the  United  States,"  vol.  v.,  p.  266. 


63 


Early  Bibles. 


heard.  Himself  a  collector,  he  does  not  nrofess  ever 
to  have  seen  a  copy  of  the  alleged  American  edition 
of  the  English  Bible.  Search  has  repeatedly  been 
made  for  a  copy  and  always  without  success.  Six 
or  eight  hundred  Bibles  in  quarto  could  hardly  have 
been  printed,  bound,  and  sold  in  Boston,  then  a  small 
town,  undiscovered.  Nor  would  they  all  have  dis- 
appeared. The  most  complete  catalogues  of  English 
Bibles  enumerate  no  one  with  the  imprint  which  was 
said  to  have  been  copied.  Till  a  copy  of  the  pre- 
tended American  edition  is  produced  no  credit  can 
be  given  to  the  second-hand  story." 

As  no  copy  of  this  supposed  Bible  has  ever  been 
identified,  Dr.  O'Callaghan  omits  it  from  his  '*  List 
of  Uibles  printed  in  America."  Any  testimony  in 
the  handwriting  of  Mr.  Aitken  that  his  Bible  pub- 
lished in  1 782  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in  America 
in  the  English  language  would  be  of  great  value,  for 
he  could  not  make  this  claim  if  in  his  day  some 
other  edition  had  already  claimed  it.  Fortunately, 
we  have  this  testimony  in  Mr.  Aitken's  own  words, 
written  with  his  own  hand.  In  the  British  Museum 
there  is  to  be  seen  a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Bible  in  two 
volumes.  The  following  note  is  on  the  back  of  the 
title-page  of  the  first  volume,  in  the  writing  of  Mr, 
Aitken:  "This  first  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  the 
Bible  ever  printed  in  America  in  the  English  Ian- 


The  A  it  ken  lUblc. 


63 


gua^e,  is  presented  to  Ebenezar  Hazard,  Esq.,  by 
the  Editor."  Inserted  at  the  beginning  of  the  second 
volume  is  a  letter  as  follows: 

I'mi.ADEi.PHiA,  July  6,  1844. 

Dear  Sir  :  I  send  you  herewith  the  copy  of  the  I{il)le  jiuhlished 

in  this  city  in  1782  by  Robert  Aitivcn,  which  you  may  be  assured  1 

part  M  ith,  with  great  regret,  as  well  because  it  was  presented  iiy  tl>e 

publisher  to  my  father,  as  becai'       t  is,  according  to  the  certificate  on 

the  fly-leaf  in  Mr,  Aitken's  o\        landwriting,  "  the  first  copy  of  the 

first  edition  ever  printed  in  America  in  the  English  language,"  the 

first  sheets  having  been  carefully  laid  aside  for  my  father — who  was 

very  intimate  with  the  pul)lisher — until  the  whole  work  was  completed. 

Yours  truly, 

Sam  Hazard. 
ClIAS.  IMarsuai.i.,  Esq. 

This  lilble  was  formerly  in  the  collection  of  Mr. 
Lea  Wilson,  and  was  bought  by  the  British  Museum 
in  1849.  The  books  are  in  the  original  binding  of 
olive-green  leather.  The  two  volumes  are  divided 
at  the  end  of  Ecclesiastes,  a  division  peculiar  to  this 
set,  as  in  most  other  copies  the  second  volume  begins 
with  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew. 

The  publication  of  the  Aitken  Bible  was  not  a 
financial  success.  It  had  to  compete  with  imported 
Bibles  that  could  be  sold  cheaper,  because  the  cost  of 
printing  was  less.  Moreover,  the  book  was  a  small 
one,  and  did  not  compare  with  larger  Bibles  as  a 
specimen  of  the  printer's  art.  Mr.  Aitken  seems  to 
have  been  seriously  embarrassed  by  his  undertaking, 
and  had  the  sympathy  of  good  people,  who  regretted 


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64 


Early  Bibles. 


the  loss  to  which  he  was  subjected.  At  a  Synod  of 
Presbyterians,  held  in  Philadelphia  on  the  24th  of 
May,  1 783,  it  was  "  Resolved,  As  Mr.  Aitken,  from 
laudable  motives,  and  with  great  expense,  hath  un- 
dertaken and  executed  an  elegant  impression  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  which,  on  account  of  the  importa- 
tion of  Bibles  from  England,  will  be  very  injurious  to 
his  temporal  circumstances,  the  Synod  agree  that  the 
committee  to  purchase  Bibles  for  distribution  among 
the  poor  purchase  Aitken's  Bible  and  no  other,  and 
earnestly  recommend  it  to  all  to  purchase  such  in 
preference  to  any  other."  In  1789  Mr.  Aitken  sent 
a  memorial  to  Congress  asking  for  "  a  Patent,  author- 
izing him,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  exclusively,  to  print 
the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments, 
for  the  term  of  fourteen  years,  within  the  United 
States."     This  was  not  granted  him.     In  this  me- 

» 

morial  he  states  that  in  the  publication  of  his  Bible 
he  had  lost  "  more  than  three  thousand  pounds  in 
specie." 

The  Aitken  Bible  is  now  the  rarest  of  all  early 
Bibles  printed  in  America.  It  can  be  safely  said 
that  at  the  outside  there  are  not  more  than  fifty 
copies  in  existence,  and  the  number  actually  located 
falls  below  this  statement.  The  list  of  owners  is  a 
very  short  one.^     It  is  only  about  once  in  a  genera- 


Appendix  I. 


The  Aitken  Bible. 


65 


tion  that  a  copy  is  offered  for  sale,  and  consequently 
it  commands  a  high  price.  In  the  Baker  sale  at 
Philadelphia,  February  12,  1891,  there  was  an  Aitken 
Bible  in  two  volumes  that  brought  $650,  and  was 
purchased  for  the  Library  of  Congress.  Aitken  had 
presented  the  books  to  his  daughter.  This  sum  of 
$650  is  the  largest  known  to  have  been  paid  for  this 
Bible  of  1782.^  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Bradbury  of  German- 
town,  Pa.,  who  is  a  great-granddaughter  of  the  pub- 
lisher, has  two  copies  of  the  Aitken  Bible.  Mr. 
William  Y.  McAllister  of  Philadelphia  has  another 
copy,  which  was  given  his  father  in  1838  by  Mrs. 
Campbell,  the  daughter  of  Robert  Aitken.  Hon. 
George  F.  Hoar  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  has  an  Aitken 
Bible  which  was  originally  the  property  of  Roger 
Sherman.  It  contains  the  autograph  of  this  colonial 
hero  and  the  date  "  1783."  Senator  Hoar  writes  of 
his  grandfather :  "  It  was  his  custom  when  he  went 
to  Congress  every  year  to  buy  a  new  Bible,  and  bring 
it  home  and  give  it  to  one  of  his  children  at  the  end 
of  the  session." 

The  editions  of  the  New  Testament  by  Aitken  are 
now  rare  books,  especially  those  of  1777,  1778,  and 
1 781.  The  one  printed  in  1779  was  a  school  edi- 
tion. They  differ  somewhat  in  the  wording  of 
the  title-pages,  and  some  of  them  were  paged  and 


1  Appendix  J. 


66 


Early  Bibles. 


others  were  not.  These  books  command  generous 
prices.^ 

The  new  Testament  of  1781  is  especially  sought 
for,  as  this  edition  was  bound  with  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, and  is  valuable  for  replacing  torn  or  defective 
copies. 

Of  the  copies  of  the  Aitken  Bible  in  existence  but 
few  of  them  are  in  a  perfect  condition.  Most  of  them 
are  more  or  less  defective  from  excessive  use  or 
abuse.  In  some  cases  the  general  title-page  is  gone 
or  portions  of  the  text,  and  only  a  limited  number 
have  the  resolutions  of  Congress.  This  difference  in 
condition  accounts  for  the  wide  range  of  prices  paid 
for  the  books. 

The  publisher  of  the  Bible  of  1782  had  to  en- 
counter many  difficulties  in  printing  the  book,  on 
account  of  the  disordered  condition  of  the  coun- 
try in  time  of  war.  Another  has  said  that  "  Mr. 
Aitken,  in  the  midst  of  his  work,  was  obliged,  upon 
one  occasion,  to  remove  his  type  and  materials 
hastily  out  of  the  city,  and  bury  them  under  a  barn, 
in  order  to  save  them  from  destruction  by  the  British 
soldiers."  But  failure  was  not  in  Aitken's  composi- 
tion. A  writer  in  Freeman's  Journal,  published  in 
Philadelphia  in  1781,  says:  "  Under  all  these  disad- 
vantages, a  complete,  an  accurate,  and  elegant  edition 


Appendix  K. 


The  A  it  ken  Bible. 


67 


of  the  Bible  was  published  in  this  very  city,  in  four 
years  from  the  time  of  the  evacuation  by  the  British. 
The  very  paper  that  has  received  the  impression  of 
these  sacred  books  was  manufactured  in  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  the  whole  work  is,  therefore,  purely  Ameri- 
can, and  has  risen,  like  the  fabled  Phoenix,  from  the 
ashes  of  that  pile  in  which  our  enemies  supposed 
they  had  consumed  the  liberties  of  America." 

Robert  Aitken  was  a  native  of  Dalkeith,  Scotland, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1769,  and  settled  at 
Philadelphia  as  a  bookseller.  In  1771  he  added 
bookbinding  to  his  business,  having  learned  that  art 
in  Edinburgh.  Later,  in  1774,  he  became  a  pub- 
lisher. 

The  Aitken  Bible  should  animate  the  interest  of 
Americans,  inasmuch  as  it  was  the  first  Bible  printed 
in  the  English  language  in  America,  and  also  be- 
cause of  the  association  of  Congress  with  it.  It  is  a 
part  of  our  national  history,  for  which  we  should 
be  grateful,  because  it  sets  forth  the  fact  that  the 
founders  of  this  Republic  were  men  who  were  not 
ashamed  of  the  revealed  Truth.  The  term  "  Bible 
Congress,"  applied  to  our  law-makers  in  that  day, 
whether  intended  in  derision  or  otherwise,  was  an 
epithet  of  honor.  Whatever  in  power,  progress,  and 
grandeur  we  have  attained  as  a  nation,  we  owe 
largely  to  the  respect  and  reverence  which  our  fathers 
paid  to  the  precious  Word  of  God. 


THE  FIRST  DOUAY  VERSION. 


The  first  quarto  edition  of  the  Bible  in  English 
printed  in  America  was  publislied  in  Philadelphia 
in  1790.  It  was  the  Douay  version  made  from 
the  Latin  Vulgate.  The  work  was  undertaken  by 
Mathew  Carey,  who  had  for  political  reasons  come 
to  this  country. 

Mr.  Frazer  Kirkland  writes :  1  "  After  passing 
through  many  striking  experiences  as  a  politician 
and  journalist  abroad,  Mathew  Carey  landed  in  Phil- 
adelphia on  the  1st  of  November,  1784;  and,  while 
he  was  yet  contemplating  a  removal  to  the  country, 
until  sufficient  funds  should  be  received  from  the  sale 
of  his  newspaper  in  Dublin — which  place  he  found 
it  prudent  to  leave,  in  view  of  the  government  prose- 
cution for  libel  which  hung  like  a  drawn  sword  over 
his  head — to  enable  him  to  engage  in  business,  the 
Marquis  de  Lafayette,  having  heard  of  his  arrival, 
desired  that  he  should  call  upon  him.     The  Marquis, 

1  "Cyclopaedia  of  Commercial. and  Business  Anecdotes,"  vol.  ii., 

P-  459- 

68 


^ 


'  T   It  E 

O     L     Y       B      I      B 

[  .TRANSLATED   FROM  TME 

^      LATIN     V   U 


L     E, 


L    G    A    T   E; 

DUIOENTLY   COMPARED    WITH    THE 

HEBREW,   GREEK,  AND  OTHER  EDITIONS, 
.  JN   DIVERS    LANGUAGES; 

AND  FIRST  PUBLISHED    BY 

THE  ENGLISH  COLLEGE  AT  DOWAY.  ANNO  ,60,.    V 

"HWLV  REVISED.  ANn  CORRECTED,  ACCORDIKC  TO 

THE  CLEMENTINE  EDITION  OF  THE  SCRIPTURES. 

U'.TH  ANNOTATIONS  rOR  ELUCIDATING 

THE  PRINCIPAL   DIFFICUT  Ttpc   ^r-    r  - 

j^jrr  icuLTIES   OF  HOLY   WRIT.    ' 


H^urictis  aquas  ingaudio  de  fontibus  Sal- 


vatoris.    I/iiae  xii.  3. 


PHILADELfHIJ, 

I      ''RENTED  AND  SOLD 


BY  CAREY,  STEWART,  AND  Co. 

M.DCC.XC. 


Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  first  Douay  Bible  published  in  America. 

Reduced  size. 


The  First  Douay  Version. 


69 


previously  aware  of  the  persecutions  he  had  suffered, 
and  admiring  his  noble  spirit,  made  inquiries  of  him 
as  to  his  future  plans  and  prospects.  On  stating  that 
it  was  his  intention,  at  as  early  a  day  as  possible,  to 
establish  a  newspaper,  Lafayette  entered  fully  into 
the  project,  and  promised  him  such  influence  as  he 
could  command  with  Robert  Morris,  Thomas  Fitz- 
simmons,  and  other  leading  men  in  that  region.  On 
the  following  morning  Mr.  Carey  was  surprised  at 
receiving  a  letter  from  Lafayette,  containing  the  sum 
of  four  hundred  dollars.  This  was  the  more  remark- 
able from  his  not  having  said  a  word  about  desir- 
ing to  borrow,  or  in  any  way  to  receive  money  from 
the  Marquis,  no  such  thought  having  entered  his 
mind.  This  sum  of  money — the  fabric  upon  which 
it  may  be  said  Mr.  Carey  built  his  fortune,  first  as  a 
journalist  and  then  as  a  printer  and  bookseller — 
he  considered  it  a  solemn  duty  to  repay,  in  assist- 
ing Frenchmen  in  distress ;  wiiit  h  he  did,  fully  and 
amply.  While  it  was  not  the  desire  of  Lafayette 
that  it  should  be  regarded  in  the  light  of  a  loan,  but 
as  a  free  gift,  Mr.  Carey  in  after  years  consigned  to 
him  an  invoice  of  tobacco,  besides  on  his  arrival  in 
New  York,  in  1824,  repaying  him  the  entire  amount." 
On  the  26th  of  January,  1 789,  Mr.  Carey  issued 
proposals  for  publishing  a  Douay  Version  of  the 
Bible.     The  conditions  of  subscription  were : 


70 


Early  Bibles. 


1.  This  Edition  will  follow  verbatim  the  Translation  executed  at 
Doway. 

2.  It  will  be  printed  in  large  Quarto  on  the  same  kind  of  Type,  as 
fine  Paper,  and  with  the  same  number  of  Pages  as  in  the  Oxford 
Edition  of  the  Bible. 

3.  The  price  to  Subscribers  will  be  Six  Spanish  Milled  Dollars ; 
one  half  to  be  paid  at  the  time  of  Subscribing ;  the  other  on  the  de- 
livery of  the  Book  neatly  bound. 

4.  As  soon  as  400  copies  are  Subscribed  for,  it  will  be  put  to  press 
and  completed  without  delay. 

5.  The  Subscribers'  names  will  be  prefixed  as  Patrons  of  the  Work. 

It  was  proposed  to  issue  the  book  in  forty-eight 

weekly  numbers.     It  was  to  be  in  one  volume  of 

984  pages.     Only  about  three  of  the  numbers  were 

delivered,  when  certain  changes  were  made.     The 

plan  of  issuing  the  Bible  in  numbers  was  given  up, 

and  it  was  announced  that  it  would  be  published  in 

two  volumes.     The  firm  was  also  changed  to  Carey, 

Stewart   &   Co.     As  an  inducement,  it  was  stated 

that  if  the  number  of  subscribers  could  be  enlarged 

the  price  would  be  reduced.     At  the  head  of  the 

subscribers  stood  the  name  of  Rt.  Rev.  John  Carroll 

of  Baltimore.     The  new  firm  made  an  appeal  not 

only  to  the  Roman  Catholics  of  the  United  States, 

but  to  other  bodies  of  Christians.     The  latter  appeal 

is  here  quoted   in  full.     It  is  addressed  "  To  the 

Protestants  in  the  United  States." 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  We  venture  with  some  degree  of  con- 
fidence to  solicit  your  patronage  as  well  as  that  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics for  the  first  edition  of  the  Douay  translation  of  the  Vulgate  Bible. 


The  First  Douay  Version. 


71 


Many  of  the  most  learned  Protestant  divines  have  produced  weighty 
objections  to  particular  passages  in  the  Common  Church  of  England 
translations  of  the  Scriptures.  That  there  are  various  important 
errors  in  it,  is  too  well  known  to  admit  of  controversy.  The  frequent 
dbmands  for  a  new  translation  bear  the  strongest  testimony  to  the 
truth  of  this  observation ;  it  is  therefore  worthy  the  attention  of  every 
candid  Protestant  to  consider  whether  a  comparison  of  the  present 
translation  with  his  own  would  not  enable  him  to  detect  most,  if  not 
all  of  them — and  thus  to  remove  from  his  mind  those  doubts  and 
difficulties  which  are  fatal  to  true  religion. 

Liberal-minded  Protestants  who  glory  in  the  influence  of  the  benign 
sun  of  toleration  will  probably  be  happy  in  an  opportunity  of  uniting 
their  names  with  tliosc  of  the  Roman  Catholics  who  have  supported 
this  work — and  thus  evincing  that  they  arc  superior  to  that  wretched, 
that  contemptible  prejudice  which  confines  its  benevolence  within  the 
narrow  pale  of  one  religious  denomination,  as  is  the  case  with  bigots 
of  every  persuasion.  From  persons  of  the  latter  class  we  expect  no 
patronage.  To  encourage  a  Popish  Bible  would  in  their  eyes  be  an 
heinous  oflfence.  But  we  fondly  hope,  that  there  are  few  of  this  de- 
scription here — that  persons  of  the  former  character  abound — and  that 
our  subscription  list,  by  uniting  together  the  names  of  members  of 
various  and  hitherto  hostile  denominations  of  Christians,  will  afford 
one  proof — among  many  that  might  be  produced — of  the  rapid  ad- 
vances that  America  has  made  in  the  divine  principle  of  toleration. 
We  are  the  public's  devoted  servants, 

Carey,  Stewart  &  Co. 
Philadelphia,  Sept.  24,  1790. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  year  in  which  this  ap- 
peal was  issued  the  Douay  Bible  appeared;  that  is, 
December  i ,  1 790.  The  two  volumes  were  bound  in 
one.  The  type  that  was  used  was  made  especially 
for  it,  and  was  cast  by  the  firm  of  Baine  &  Co.  of 
Philadelphia.  The  books  of  third  and  fourth  Mac- 
cabees,  the  third   and   fourth   of   Esdras,   and  the 


73 


Early   Bibles. 


Prayer  of  Manasses,  are  omitted  on  the  ground  that 
"  they  have  never  been  received  by  the  Church." 

The  title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  translated  from 
the  Latin  Vulgate:  Diligently  compared  with  the 
Hebrew,  Greek,  and  other  Editions,  in  divers  lan- 
guages ;  And  first  published  by  the  English  College 
at  Doway,'  Anno  1609.  Newly  revised,  and  corrected 
according  to  the  Clementine  edition  of  the  Scrip- 
tures. With  Annotations  for  elucidating  the  princi- 
pal difficulties  of  Holy  Writ.  Haurietis  aquas  in 
gaudio  dc  fontihus  Salvatoris.  Isaiae  xii.  3.  Phila- 
delphia: Printed  and  Sold  by  Carey,  Stewart  and 
Co.  M.DCC.XC." 

The  annotations  are  printed  at  the  bottom  of  the 
pages.  The  list  of  subscribers  is  given,  and  extends 
from  page  5  to  8.  The  New  Testament  has  no  title- 
page.  The  end  of  the  volume  is  supplied  with 
various  tables ;  namely,  "  Table  of  References," 
"  Chronological  Table,"  "  Order  and  Distribution  of 
the  Psalms,"  and  a  "  Table  of  the  Epistles  and 
Gospels." 

The  Douay  Bible  of  1 790  is  becoming  a  rare  book, 
and  even  in  Philadelphia  only  a  few  copies  are  pre- 
served. A  copy  in  good  condition  is  worth  fifty 
dollars. 

I  This  word  is  usually  spelled  "  Douay,"  or  "  Douai,"  but  the 
above  spelling  occurs  on  the  title-pages  of  early  American  Bibles. 


t  \ 


The  First  Douay  Version. 


73 


Mr.  Carey  published  not  only  editions  of  the  Bible 
after  the  Latin  Vulgate,  but  many  quarto  and  duo- 
decimo Bibles  according  to  the  King  James  transla- 
tion. In  the  early  days  of  his  publishing  career  his 
work  was  attended  with  numerous  risks  and  respon- 
sibilities. In  the  preface  to  his  Bible  of  1801,  he 
says : 

I  present  this  edition  of  the  Dible  to  the  public,  with  a  degree  of 
solicitude  proportioned  to  the  magnitude  of  the  undertaking.  Having 
embarked  therein  a  large  property,  and  devoted  my  utmost  care  and 
attention  to  it,  from  its  commencement  to  its  completion,  I  find  it  im- 
possible to  assume  that  degree  of  stoicism  necessary  to  regard  with 
indifference  its  reception  by  my  fellow-citizens. 

As  the  years  rolled  on  his  business  prospered,  and 
ultimately  assumed  extensive  proportions.  Bible 
after  Bible  issued  from  his  presses,  and  many  of  the 
editions  were  embellished  with  engravings  executed 
in  the  best  style  of  the  day.  Mr.  Carey  died  in 
1839.  His  business  was  continued  by  his  son  and 
a  partner  under  the  name  of  Carey  &  Lea.  It  was 
changed  in  1846  to  Lea  &  Blanchard.  This  exten- 
sive publishing  house  is  now  known  as  Lea  Broth- 
ers &  Co. 


mmmmLMtmim, 


m 


■■■i! 


:i 


:  !! 


THE  THOMAS  BIBLE. 


The  first  fo/w  Bible  and  also  the  first  royal  quarto 
Bible  /■//  English  published  in  America  came  from 
the  press  of  Isaiah  Thomas  of  Worcester,  Mass. 
The  history  of  this  publisher  was  that  of  a  poor  boy, 
starting  in  life  with  few  advantages  and  a  scanty 
education,  but,  by  dint  of  industry,  perseverance,  and 
self-education,  advancing  step  by  step  until  he  be- 
came one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  the  land. 

At  six  years  of  age  young  Thomas  was  apprenticed 
to  Zechariah  Fowle,  a  printer  of  Boston.  The  occu- 
pation was  congenial  to  the  lad,  and  he  followed  his 
calling  through  many  years  with  enthusiasm.  At 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  left  his  employer,  and 
worked  at  printing  in  Nova  Scotia,  New  Hampshire, 
and  South  Carolina.  In  1770  he  returned  to  Boston, 
and,  in  partnership  with  his  former  master,  started  a 
newspaper  known  as  the  Massachusetts  Spy.  Three 
months  later  he  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
paper,  which  he  edited  with  ability  and  success. 
From  a  humble  beginning  with  a  few  subscribers  it 

'/4 


"swn? 


CONTAIN-INO    THE 


O  L  D    AND   N  E  W 


^    P    OCR    r    P    H   ^ 

TRANSLATED 

"    ■•  -''^''C'/  ''''        AND 

With  the  toiriMii  TxAHtLATiONt  dUicmtly  coMrAKiD  and  KEvisED, 

By  the  fpeci^  Command  of  King  James  I,  oi  England, 

W  I  T  H      A  N 

I         N         D         E         X 


VOL.     I. 


I     PRINTED  AT  THE  PRESS  is   ll'O  s:c  EST  R  R.  MASSACHUSETTS,     i 
I  .       B  V     IS  A  I  A  H      T  H  O  M  A  S.  '  " 

-    SoldbyhiminOBotwactl  and  by  him  M  Comp.ny.  ..  F.fsV.  S„t»,;.  No.  ^j.  Ni»..ty  Stmx,  goOon." 


MDCCXCI. 


Fac-siiuilo  of  the  title  page  of  the  folio  Bible  published  at  Worcester  by  Isaiah 
Thomas  ill  1791.     Uvduced  size. 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


n 


grew  to  the  largest  circulation  of  any  paper  in  Bos- 
ton, and  its  influence  was  known  and  felt  throughout 
the  land.  It  had  to  take  part  in  the  conflict  which 
was  then  raging  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
colonies.  At  first  it  was  independent;  but  later 
Thomas  threw  all  his  sympathies,  energies,  and  influ- 
ence into  the  cause  of  the  colonies.  Just  before  the 
battle  of  Lexington  the  type  and  presses  of  the  Spy 
were  removed  by  night  from  Boston  and  taken  to 
Worcester.  There  the  publication  of  the  paper  was 
resumed,  and  the  Provincial  Government  assisted 
Mr.  Thomas  by  giving  him  the  public  printing. 
Worcester  became  the  scene  of  his  greatest  activities ; 
for  he  engaged  in  printing,  publishing,  manufac- 
turing, and  editing.  Paper  for  his  publications  was 
made  in  a  mill  that  he  operated,  and  he  also  did  his 
own  binding.  He  entered  largely  into  the  importa- 
tion of  books,  and  at  one  time  had  nine  book-stores 
in  diflferent  cities. 

In  1786  he  imported  type  for  the  printing  of 
music,  which  was  the  first  font  of  this  kind  to 
come  to  America.  He  did  an  extensive  business  in 
Boston  under  the  firm  name  of  Thomas  &  Andrews. 
In  1 791  Mr.  Thomas  published  two  editions  of  the 
Bible  at  Worcester,  the  one  in  folio  and  the  other  in 
royal  quarto.  A  Prospectus  was  issued  for  the 
quarto,  which  was  worded  as  follows : 


1^ 


Early  Bibles. 


Large  Family  Bible.  Search  the  Scriptures  for  therein  are  contained 
the  Words  of  Eternal  Life! — They  have  God  for  their  Author!  Sal- 
vation for  their  End! — And  Truth  unmixed  with  Error  for  their 
Matter. 

Proposal  of  Isaiah  Thomas  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  for  Print- 
ing and  Publishing  by  Subscription,  an  American  Edition,  in  Large 
Royal  Quarto,  (Ornamented  with  an  Elegant  Copperplate  Frontis- 
piece) of  the  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New  Testaments, 
with  the  Apocrypha,  an  Index,  Marginal  Notes  and  References. 

Conditions. 

I.  It  shall  be  printed  with  elegant  new  Types,  already  made  and 
completed,  particularly  for  the  purpose — types  large,  beautiful,  and 
suited  for  the  accommodation  of  the  eyes  of  all,  especially  those  of 
the  aged  end  infirm. 

See  the  Specimen  annexed. 

II.  The  Paper  shall  be  fully  equal  in  goodness,  if  not  of  a  superior 
quality,  to  the  (English)  Cambridge,  Oxford,  or  London,  Royal 
Quarto  Edition. 

III.  The  Price  to  Subscribers,  handsomely  bound,  shall  be  only 
Sroen  Dollars,  although  the  English  Editions  of  the  same  size,  and  of 
an  inferior  quality,  are  sold  for  eight  and  nine  Dollars. 

IV.  To  make  payment  easy  to  those  who  wish  to  be  encouragers  of 
this  laudable  undertaking,  and  to  be  in  possession  of  so  valuable 
property  as  a  Royal  Quarto  Bible,  and  who  are  not  able  to  pay  for 
one  all  in  Cash — from  such  the  Publisher  will  receive  f^ie  half  of  the 
sum,  or  tiuenty  one  shillings,  in  the  following  articles,  viz.  Wheat, 
Rye,  Indian  Corn,  Butter,  or  Pork,  if  delivered  at  his  store  in  Worces- 
ter, or  at  the  store  of  himself  and  Company  in  Boston,  by  the  20th 
day  of  December,  1790,  the  remaining  sum  of  twenty  one  shillings, 
to  be  paid  in  Cash,  as  soon  as  the  books  are  ready  for  delivery. — This 
proposal  is  made,  to  accommodate  all,  notwithstanding  the  sum  of 
twenty  one  shillings  will  by  no  means  be  the  proportion  of  Cash  that 
each  Bible  bound,  will  cost  the  Publisher. 

V.  The  work  will  be  committed  to  the  Press  as  soon  as  a  sufficient 
number  of  Bibles  are  subscribed  for,  barely  to  defray  half  the  expense 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


77 


of  the  undertaking.  Notice  will  be  given  in  the  Newspapers,  when 
the  Bible  will  be  put  to  the  Press,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  June 
next,  and  the  time  when  it  will  be  completed  will  then  be  mentioned. 
EP^  The  Booksellers  in  the  United  States,  who  subscribe  for  twelve 
or  more  copies  in  sheets,  shall  have  them  on  full  as  generous  terms 
as  the  Booksellers  in  England  are  supplied  with  English  Editions. 


To  the  Reverend  Clergy. 

The  assistance  of  the  Reverend  Clergy,  of  all  persuasions,  in  this 
and  the  neighbouring  States,  is  earnestly  requested,  to  forward  and 
complete  so  large,  important  and  expensive  an  undertaking — The 
weight  now  rests  entirely  on  the  publisher  of  this  proposal,  who  has 
already  expended  a  very  large  sum  for  types,  and  other  matters  pre- 
paratory for  the  business ;  but  he  doubts  not,  should  he  be  speedily 
favoured  by  having  a  generous  number  of  Bibles  subscribed  for,  to 
complete  the  work  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Publick. 

In  order  in  some  measure  to  recompense  the  Reverend  Clergy,  and 
all,  whose  piety,  goodness  of  heart,  and  regard  for  the  manufactures 
of  their  country,  may  induce  them  to  help  forward  so  great  and  useful 
an  undertaking  as  the  one  now  proposed,  all  who  subscribe  for  twelve 
copies,  or  procure  twelve  copies  to  be  subscribed  for,  and  will  be 
answerable,  and  make  payment  for  them,  agreeably  to  this  proposal, 
shall  be  entitled  to,  and  receive  a  thirteenth  copy,  handsomely  bound, 
for  their  trouble. 

To  Christians  of  Every  Denomination. 

At  a  time  when  all  descriptions  of  men  are  united  to  promote  the 
political  welfare  of  our  country,  by  the  encouragement  of  Agriculture 
and  all  the  Arts  and  Sciences,  printing  the  Bible,  that  sacred  Book 
which  has  a  nobler  object — the  supreme  and  ultimate  happiness  of 
man — cannot  be  thought  unimportant,  or  uninteresting,  especially  as 
it  tends  to  promote  that  Morality  without  which  Industry,  Arts  and 
Sciences  are  vain.  The  Proposal,  therefore,  to  publish  a  large  quarto 
Bible,  must  be  pleasing  to  all,  more  especially  to  the  Christian  citizen, 
to  whom  nothing  need  be  said  as  a  stimulus  for  him  to  promote  the 
good  work  by  subscribing  for  one  or  more  copies,  but  his  being  as- 


78 


Early  Bibles. 


sured  that  due  care  shall  be  taken  to  have  it  correct  and  well  executed 
— that  this  shall  be  the  case,  no  labor  or  cost,  within  the  subscriber's 
reach,  will  be  wanting ;  for  it  is  his  ambkion,  should  he  proceed  with 
the  work,  to  have  it  completed  in  such  a  manner  as  shall  disgrace 
neither  himself  nor  his  country. 

It  cannot  be  presumed  that  anything  need  be  said  to  recommend  the 
Bible,  that  ground  work  of  our  holy  Religion,  to  any  class  of  citizens 
whatever — if  there  should,  nothing  new  can  be  given  on  the  subject 
— we  must  republish  the  ideas  of  those  who  have  gone  before  us. — 
Books  are  addressed  to  the  Judgment  or  the  Imagination — intended 
to  touch  the  Passions,  or  please  the  Fancy. — The  Holy  Bible  ad- 
dresses the  Soul,  directs  to  the  paths  of  peace  and  happiness  here, 
and  brings  to  view  a  beautiful  prospect  of  an  hereafter — in  its  pages 
may  be  viewed,  with  awful  surprise,  the  great  and  glorious  works 
of  Creation — and  with  pleasing  admiration  may  be  seen  the  Rise 
and  Fall  of  Empires — the  Revolutions  of  Kingdoms  and  States — the 
various  Vicissitudes  of  Life  in  all  stations — the  Depravity  of  Human 
Nature,  when  Man  is  forsaken  by  his  God — the  easy  transitions  from 
Innocence  to  Guilt,  from  Virtue  to  Vice — the  Policy  of  Courts,  and 
Simplicity  of  Cottages — the  Rage  of  Lust — Folly  of  Pride — Fate  of 
Tyranny,  and  Madness  of  Ambition. — Here  may  be  found  Patterns 
for  all  who  wish  to  practice  the  Christian  and  Moral  Duties.  St. 
Gregory  says.  "  Fi  im  the  Patriarchs  we  may  take  the  model  of  all 
virtues — Ab  ;1  teaches  us  Innocence — Enoch,  Purity  of  Heart — Noah, 
a  firm  Per  severance  in  Righteousness — Abraham,  the  Perfection 
of  Piety  an  1  Faithfulness — Joseph,  Chastity — ^Jacob,  Constancy  in 
Labour — Mo.-es,  M.ekness — and  Job,  Invincible  Patience. — Salva- 
tion, the  most  glorious  prize  that  man  can  obtain,  may  be  perused 
with  pleasure,  and  it  may  with  ease  be  acquired,  if  Piety  is  the  guide, 
and  Faith  the  intercessor — the  mercy  of  God  is  greater  than  our  de- 
linquency, and  happiness  eternal  within  our  reach,  if  we  suppress  the 
gratification  of  our  passions  to  seek  it :  Read,  therefore,  and  be  in- 
formed— look  for,  and  find." 

To  the  Publkk  at  large.  ,* 

As  it  is  presumed  that  every  denomination  of  Christians  will  be 
pleased  with  the  intention  of  the  proposer,  so  he  rests  assured  that  all 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


79 


will  cheerfully  contribute  in  aiding  him  to  carry  on  and  complete  this 

first  American  Edition  of  a  Royal  Quarto  Bible.     He  begs  permission 

to  subscribe  himself. 

With  the  greatest  respect,  &c. 

Isaiah  Thomas. 
Worcester,  November,  1789. 


^T  All  who  may  have  Subscription  Papers,  are  requested  to  return 
them  by  the  first  day  of  May  next,  to  the  Publisher,  in  Worcester,  or 
to  the  Bookstore  of  himself  and  Company  in  Boston. 


The  two  editions  of  the  Thomas  Bible  appeared 
in  December,  1791.  In  the  Massachusetts  Spy  of 
December  15,  1791,  appeared  an  advertisement 
which  reads:  "The  Royal  Quarto  Bible  (and  the 
only  one  of  so  large  a  typed  Quarto  ever  attempted 
in  America)  is  this  day  completed  from  the  Press  of 
the  undersigned."  In  the  same  paper  of  the  same 
date  we  find  the  following :  "  Folio  Bible.  The  first 
volume  of  this  large  work  is  this  day  completed  and 
will  be  put  in  boards  with  all  speed.  Subscribers 
may  be  supplied  with  this  volume  at  the  book-store 
of  the  publisher  in  Worcester  fourteen  days  from  this 
date.  The  second  volume  is  in  great  forwardness; 
both  the  letter  press  and  plate  are  nearly  completed." 
The  title-page  of  the  folio  reads : 

"  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New  Tes- 
taments: With  the  Apocrypha.  Translated  Out  of 
the  Original  Tongues,  and  with  the  formerTranslations 


8o 


Early  Bibles. 


diligently  Compared  and  Revised,  By  the  Special  Com- 
mand of  King  James  I,  of  England.  With  an  Index. 
Appointed  to  be  read  in  Churches.  Vol.  I.  United 
States  of  America.  Printed  at  the  Press  in  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  By  Isaiah  Thomas.  Sold  by  him  in 
Worcester;  and  by  him  and  Company  at  Faust's 
Statue,  No.  45,  Newbury  Street,  Boston.   M.DCC.XCI." 

The  text  extends  from  Genesis  to  end  of  Proverbs, 
from  page  5  to  page  460,  which  closes  the  first  vol- 
ume. The  second  begins  with  Ecclesiastes.  The 
New  Testament  title-page  reads : 

"The  New  Testament  of  Our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ,  Translated  Out  of  the  Original  Greek, 
and  with  the  former  Translations  diligently  com- 
pared and  revised.  By  the  Special  Command  of  King 
James  I,  of  England,  Together  with  an  Index  to 
the  Holy  Bible.     Appointed  to  be  read  in  Churches." 

The  second  volume  ends  with  "  Tables  of  Weights, 
Measures,  Coins,  &c.,"  "  Tables  of  Time,  Offices,  and 
Conditions,"  and  "Table  of  Kindred."  The  two 
volumes  cover  1012  pages  of  printed  matter.  The 
Thomas  Bible  is  illustrated  with  fifty  copper-plate 
engravings,  which  doubtless  gave  it  additional  value 
in  the  eyes  of  many.  The  frontispiece  of  the  first 
volume  illustrates  the  Triumph  of  the  Gospel  through- 
out the  world.  The  frontispiece  to  the  Apocrypha 
is  an  emblematical  representation  of  the  Old  and  New 


The  Thomas  Bible 


8l 


ia 

kv 


Dispensations.  The  fifty  copper-plates  were  exe- 
cuted by  four  artists  and  are  signed.  There  are 
three  woodcuts:  one  before  the  Book  of  Genesis, 
representing  Adam  and  Eve ;  a  second  before  the 
Apocrypha,  of  Judith  and  Holofernes;  and  the  third 
before  the  New  Testament,  of  the  Crucifixion.  This 
edition  was  usually  bound  in  two  volumes,  though 
it  is  occasionally  seen  in  one. 

The  general  title-page  of  the  royal  quarto  Bible  is 
worded  the  same  way  as  the  folio,  with  the  addition 
of  these  words : 

"  With  Marginal  Notes  and  References.  To  which 
are  added,  an  Index,  and  an  Alphabetical  Table  Of 
all  the  Names  in  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  with 
their  Significations." 

It  differs  in  the  body  of  the  work  from  the  folio 
in  having  parallel  lines  dividing  the  columns  of  the 
text.  It  lacks  the  three  woodcuts  found  in  the  other 
edition,  and,  as  the  title-page  indicates,  has  notes, 
references,  and  index.  Some  copies  were  supplied 
with  a  Concordance.  According  to  the  publisher's 
announcement,  it  could  be  supplied  to  subscribers  in 
three  forms.  The  first  was  with  forty- eight  copper- 
plates and  Concordance ;  the  second,  without  plates 
or  Concordance;  and  the  third,  with  the  Concord- 
ance.    The  book  was  published  in  two  volumes. 

The  two  Thomas  Bibles  of   1791   were  without 


82 


Early  Bibles. 


doubt  far  in  advance  of  any  other  publications  of  the 
same  kind  that  had  appeared  in  America  in  point  of 
typography,  excellence  of  paper,  binding,  and  general 
execution.  Benjamin  Franklin,  an  expert  in  printing, 
paid  a  high  compliment  to  Thomas  when  he  said, 
"  He  is  the  Baskerville  of  America." 

The  Thomas  Bibles  appeared  fifteen  years  after 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  What  the  pub- 
lisher in  the  quarto  and  folio  says  in  the  address 
"  To  Christians  of  every  Denomination  "  of  the  pros- 
pects and  hopes  of  the  young  Republic  is  worth 
reading.     He  writes: 

The  general  state  of  our  Country  must  afford  satisfaction  to  every 
benevolent  mind. — Evidences  of  its  increasing  prosperity  present 
themselves  on  every  side  to  our  view. — Abroad,  our  national  character 
is  rising  to  dignity  and  eminence — at  home,  confidence  is  established 
in  our  Government,  the  spirit  of  patriotism  appears  to  be  the  actuat- 
ing principle  with  the  distinguished  characters  of  our  age,  and  the 
greatest  exertions  are  making  for  the  Publick  Good. 

The  civil  and  religious  Rights  of  Men  are  generally  understood, 
and  are  by  all  enjoyed.  The  Sciences,  which  open  to  the  minds  of 
men  a  view  of  the  works  and  ways  of  God — and  the  Arts,  which  tend 
to  the  support,  the  convenience,  and  the  ornament  of  Society,  begin 
to  receive  proper  encouragement  from  the  administration  of  the  Gen- 
eral and  State  Governments ;  and,  by  the  application  and  enterprise  of 
Individuals,  are  approaching  to  excellence  and  perfection. 

Tlie  means  of  a  good  education  are  daily  becoming  more  general, 
and  the  present  spirit  of  industry  and  economy,  which  pervades  all 
classes  of  men,  furnishes  the  brightest  prospects  of  future  prosperity 
and  welfare. 

While  a  general  solicitude  prevails  to  encourage  the  Arts,  and  to 
promote  national  honour,  dignity  and  happiness.  Can  any  be  indiifer- 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


83 


ent  to  those  improvements  which  are  necessary  to  secure  to  all  the 
free  and  independent  exercise  of  the  Rights  of  Conscience? — The 
civil  authority  hath  set  an  example  of  moderation  and  candor  to  all 
Christians,  by  securing  equal  privileges  to  all ;  and  it  must  be  their 
ardent  and  united  wish,  independently  of  foreign  aid,  to  be  supplied 
with  copies  of  the  sacred  Scriptures,  the  foundation  of  their  Religion 
— a  religion  which  furnishes  motives  to  the  faithful  performance  of 
every  patriotick,  civil  and  social  duty,  superior  to  the  temptations  of 
ambition,  avarice  and  selfishness ; — which  opens  prospects  to  the 
human  mind  that  will  be  realized  when  the  relation  to  civil  govern- 
ment shall  be  dissolved,  and  which  will  raise  its  real  disciples  to  their 
highest  glory  and  happiness  when  the  monuments  of  human  genius, 
art  and  enterprise,  shall  be  lost  in  the  general  dissolution  of  nature. 

The  Editor,  desirous  to  assist  in  the  improvement  of  the  most  use- 
ful of  all  Arts,  has  carried  through  his  Press  tioo  editions  of  the  Holy 
Uible — (this  Folio,  illustrated  with  fifty  Copperplate  Engravings  of 
Scripture  History,  and  one  in  Royal  Quarto). — No  cost,  care  or 
labour  hath  he  spared  to  render  these  Editions  correct,  neat  and  ele> 
gant.  He  thinks  he  may  venture  to  assure  you  that,  in  respect  to 
Correctness,  no  copies  of  the  Bible,  now  extant,  have  had  more  atten- 
tion paid  to  them.  The  Editor  furnished  himself  with  nearly  thirty 
copies,  printed  at  different  times  and  places — from  these  he  selected 
the  most  correct,  by  which  to  revise  the  whole  of  this  work. — The 
Marginal  Notes  and  References  to  the  Quarto  Edition  were  all  pre- 
viously examined  and  compared  with  the  Text  by  the  Minister  of  Hol- 
den. — Every  sheet  of  the  Text,  before  its  commitment  to  the  Press, 
was  carefully  examined  by  the  Clergymen  of  Worcester,  and  by  other 
capable  persons — and  compared  by  not  less  than  eight  diflferent  Copies 
— six  of  them  the  most  correct  British  Modern  Editions  from  the 
Presses  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and  two  of 
them  Ancient  British  Copies  of  the  present  translation — one  printed 
in  London,  1626,  by  Benhatn  Norton  and  John  Bill,  only  sixteen  years 
after  the  first  publication  of  this  translation — the  other  at  the  Univer- 
sity Press  at  Cambridge  in  1637. — The  Editor  had  also  among  his 
collection  of  Bibles,  the  celebrated  Bishop  Cranmer's,  by  supposition 
the  first  complete  translation  of  the  Bible  into  English,  printed  at 
London  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  VIII,  1540 — a  British  translation  sup- 


84 


Early  Bibles. 


posed  to  have  Iteen  made  in  the  Kei(;n  of  Queen  KUzal)eth,  and  at  a 
subitequent  period  revised  by  the  most  learned  of  the  Bishops — and 
also  the  one  in  (general  use  immediately  preceding  the  translation  of 
King  James. — In  instances  in  which  the  copies  of  the  translation  now 
in  use  differed,  these  most  ancient  English  Editions  helped  to  deter- 
mine  which  was  the  most  correct ;  and  no  other  use  was  made  of  them. 
— All  the  above  mentioned  copies  have  occasionally  been  referred  to— 
and  in  case  of  difference,  the  preference  has  been  given  to  the  most 
ancient  British  copies  of  the  present  translation,  when  there  was  good 
evidence  that  these  were  correct. 

Though  many  difficulties  impeded  this  work  in  the  press,  yet  both 
Editions  were  executed  in  a  little  more  than  twelve  months,  solely  at 
the  expense  of  the  Editor. — How  far  he  has  succeeded  in  his  endeav- 
our, you  will  judge  by  a  comparison  of  his  copies  with  those  printed  in 
Europe  of  the  quality  which  his  are  done  to  imitate.  If  on  inspection, 
the  execution  of  the  work  should  be  satisfactory,  he  flatters  himself 
that  he  may  rely  on  all  the  Friends  of  Revelation  and  on  all  the  Pa- 
trons of  the  Arts,  to  succeed  his  endeavours,  and  reward  his  exertions, 
by  giving  his  Editions  a  preference  to  those  imported  from  abroad. 
.  With  esteem  and  respect, 

your  obedient,  and  very  humble  Servant, 

ISAIAH    THOMAS. 

Worcester,  Massachusetts,  December,  1 791. 


Preceding  the  Address  of  the  Translators  are  the 

following  paragraphs : 

VARIOUS  English  Translations  of  the  Bible  were  extant  at  the 
close  uf  the  sixteenth  century :  In  some  of  them  the  Old  Testament 
was  made  from  the  Septuagint,  (that  is,  from  a  Greek  translation  of 
the  Hebrew  executed  by  order  of  Ptolemy  Philadelphus,  284  years  be. 
fore  the  Christian  ^ra)  in  others,  immediately  from  the  Hebrew  Text, 
except  a  few  passages  which  were  rendered  from  the  Septuagint — and 
in  others,  both  the  Old  and  New  Testament  were  made  from  the  Latin 
of  the  Vulgate.  These  translations  in  several  instances  differed  from 
each  other,  which  induced  King  James  I,  to  select  fifty  four  men,  emi- 
nent for  their  piety  and  learning,  and  particularly  skilled  in  the  origi- 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


«$ 


nal  inguagcs  of  th«  Scriptures,  tu  make  an  entire  new  translation  of 
the  Hilile — the  Did  Testameiit  from  the  original  Hebrew  Text,  and  the 
New  from  the  original  Greek.  Forty  >ieven  of  these  eminent  men 
commenced  the  important  business  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1607. 
—They  arranged  themselves  into  se|>arate  classes,  and  to  expedite  the 
work,  each  class  took  a  separate  portion  of  the  Itihle.  After  three 
Years  close  application,  the  several  classes  had  completed  the  parts 
assigned  them. — The  whole  number  then  assembled  in  a  body,  and 
critically  compared  the  copies  of  each  class  with  the  original,  and  w  ith 
other  translations — and  no  sentence  was  fmally  accepted  till,  in  the 
general  opinion,  it  expressed  the  sense  of  the  inspired  original : 
Nearly  another  year,  it  is  said,  was  spent  in  this  business :  And  in  the 
Year  161 1,  this  translation  was  by  Authority  first  published.  As  it  was 
executed  by  the  order,  and  at  the  expense  of  the  Crown,  the  Copyright 
became  the  property  of  the  King,  whose  it  has  ever  since  continued. 

This  is  universally  acknowledged  to  he  the  most  correct  English 
translation  of  the  Bible  that  has  yet  been  published  to  the  World — 
and  it  is  generally  used  in  Churches  and  private  Families  throughout 
Greatbritain  and  America. 

With  their  copy  the  Translators  presented  to  King  James  the  fol- 
lowing  ADDRESS  which  has  ever  since  been  prefixed  to  all  British 
Editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  viz  ; 


ot 
be. 
;xt, 
ind 
itin 
om 
mi- 
igi- 


An  octavo  edition  of  the  Bible  was  published  by 
Mr.  Thomas  in  1793  with  this  title-page: 

"  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments :  Together  with  the  Apocrypha,  Trans- 
lated out  of  the  Original  Tongues  and  with  the 
Former  Translations  diligently  Compared  and  Re- 
vised, by  the  Special  Command  of  King  James  I.  of 
England.  United  States  of  America.  Printed  in 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  By  Isaiah  Thomas.  Sold 
by  him  in  Worcester.     Sold  also  by  said  Thomas 


•:tbHJM^^-MJiu:t 


86 


Early  Bibles. 


and  Andrews  at  Faust's  Statue,  No.  45,  Newbury 
Street,  Boston ;  and  by  said  Thomas  and  Co.  in 
\^alpole,  Newhampshire.     MDCCXciil. 

This  edition  claims  to  be  "  carefully  copied  from 
the  Folio  and  Quarto  "  Bibles  which  had  preceded 
it.  Some  of  the  copies  were  published  without  the 
Apocrypha.  Another  octavo  edition  was  issued  in 
1802,  but  in  title-page  and  arrangement  of  contents 
it  differs  from  that  of  1 793. 

In  1797  the  same  publisher  issued  his  Common 
School  Bible,  known  as  "Thomas's  Standing  i2mo 
Edition."     The  title-page  is  worth  quoting: 

"  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  :  Translated  out  of  the  Original  Tongues, 
and  with  the  former  Translations  diligently  Com- 
pared and  Revised  by  the  Special  Command  of  King 
James  I,  of  England.  Gen.  11:  7  in  Hebrew.  United 
States  of  Columbia.  Printed  at  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, By  Isaiah  Thomas.  Sold  by  him  in  Worces- 
ter by  Wholesale,  Bound  or  in  Sheets.  Sold  also  by 
said  Thomas  and  Andrews  in  Boston,  and  by  the  Book- 
sellers in  the  United  States  of  Columbia."      1797. 

The  same  book  reappeared  with  fresh  dates  in 
1 798  and  1 799.  In  eacii  case  the  title-page  con- 
tained the  line  "  United  States  of  Columbia."  The 
successors  of  the  publisher  issued  the  i2mo  edition 
with  differently  worded  title-pages  through  many 
years.      • 


l\ 


The  Thomas  Bible. 


87 


In 

le 
In 

I  V 

y 


In  1802  Mr.  Thomas  retired  from  active  business 
and  left  his  printing  and  publishing  interests  in  the 
hands  of  his  son.  The  remainder  of  his  life  was  de- 
voted mainly  to  literary  pursuits  and  to  collecting  a 
library.  There  was  published  in  18 10  his  "  History 
of  Printing  in  America,"  in  two  volumes.  It  is  a 
carefully  prepared  work,  and  preserves  many  inter- 
esting facts  that  marked  the  early  history  of  this 
land.  In  181 2  he  and  a  few  others  founded  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society  of  Worcester.  He 
was  elected  president,  and  continued  to  be  reelected 
each  year  until  his  death.  He  donated  eight  thou- 
sand books  to  the  library  of  the  society,  and  gave 
ten  thousand  dollars  to  building  a  hall.  His  entire 
benefactions  in  this  one  direction  reached  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars.  As  a  recognition  of  his  services  to  his 
country,  and  his  advancement  of  literature,  the  de- 
gree of  M.A.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Dartmouth 
College  and  that  of  LL.D.  by  Allegheny  College. 
The  biographer  of  the  eminent  publisher  says  that 
when  Washington  visited  Worcester  in  1 789  he  said 
to  a  nephew  of  Mr.  Thomas :  "  Young  man,  your 
uncle  has  set  you  a  bright  example  of  patriotism ; 
and  never  forget  that,  next  to  our  God,  we  owe  our 
highest  duty  to  our  country."^ 

The  American  Antiquarian  Society,  which  was  the 
object  of  so  much  interest  to  Dr.  Thomas,  has  be- 
1  B.  F.  Thomas's  "  Memoir  of  Isaiah  Thomas,"  p.  78. 


88 


Early  Bibles. 


come  one  of  the  strongest  institutions  of  the  land. 
It  has  a  new  building  with  a  library  of  ninety  thou- 
sand volumes,  containing  the  noted  Mather  collec- 
tion, and  other  Americana. 

The  society  has  a  full  set  of  the  Thomas  publi- 
cations elegantly  bound,  and  containing  the  library 
plate  of  the  eminent  editor  and  publisher.  Harv^ard 
University  has  a  copy  of  the  folio  Bible,  which  was 
presented  by  the  printer.  It  contains  in  front  a 
printed  slip  in  an  ornamented  border,  reading,  "  This 
Book,  being  one  of  the  First  edition  of  the  Folio 
Bible  printed  in  America,  is  the  gift  of  the  printer, 
Isaiah  Thomas,  to  Harvard  College." 

The  Thomas  Bibles  are  not  rare,  and  copies  are 
found  in  nearly  all  of  our  older  libraries. 


1                                      1                                        iibI  1                     III   IB  1    Kipl      ■ 

THE 

HOLY    BIBLE, 

C  0  K  T  A  I  N  I  N  0        T  H  E 

1 

■       O     L     D      AND      NEW 

I       1 

E    S   T   A   M    E   N   T   S: 

T  R  j\  N  S  L  A  T  E  D      0  V  T      O'l-      THE' 

ORIGINAL    lONGUES: 

■           '                                          ■     ! 

A  N  D     W  I  T  H      T  U  E     F  O  R  M  E  R 

T 

RANSLATIONS 

Diligently  compared  and  revifcd. 

■   ■ 

T       R       Ji       N      T      O       N:                                                   ^ 

i'   R 

I   N   T   £   D       AND       SOLD       BY       1   S  A  A  C       C   0   L   L   I   N  S.         ?- 

M.  D  C  C.  X  C 1.         .                                                             ,     ' 

Fac-siuiile  of  the  title  page  of  the  quarto  Bible  printed  by  Isaac  Collins  at  Trenton  iu  1791. 

Ueduced  size. 


THE  COLLINS  BIBLE. 


I 


The  first  Bible  printed  in  the  State  of  New  Jersey 
came  from  the  press  of  Isaac  Collins  at  Trenton. 
He  was  born  in  New  Castle  County,  Del,  Febru- 
ary 1 6,  1746.  He  learned  the  printing  trade,  part 
of  the  time  with  James  Adams  of  Wilmington,  Del., 
and  completed  it  at  Williamsburg,  Va.,  in  the  office 
of  William  Rind.  When  he  was  of  age  he  went  in 
1 766  to  Philadelphia  and  worked  with  William  God- 
dard  and  other  firms,  and  was  regarded  as  an  expert 
and  superior  workman.  He  removed  to  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  in  1770,  when  his  business  ability  secured  him 
the  position  of  public  printer  to  George  HL  for  the 
Province  of  New  Jersey.  In  1777  he  became  editor 
of  a  weekly  paper  known  as  the  Nezv  Jersey  Gazette. 
It  was  said  of  him  that  "  he  carefully  avoided  pub- 
lishing anything  which  tended  to  injure  the  religious, 
civil,  or  political  interests  of  his  fellow-citizens." 

He  for  twenty-six  years  published  the  "  New  Jer- 
sey Almanack,"  the  first  number  appearing  in  1771. 
He  also  printed  several  books,  among  which  were 

89 


90 


Early  Bibles. 


the  "  Laws  of  New  Jersey,"  Ramsey's  "  History  of 
South  Carolina,"  Sewell's  "  History  of  the  Quakers," 
and  Baxter's  "  Saint's  Rest." 

From  Burlington  Mr.  Collins  removed  his  business 
to  Trenton,  where  in  1788  he  pubHshed  an  edition 
of  the  New  Testament.  It  is  an  octavo  in  size,  and 
without  preface  and  pagination.  In  1 789  a  proposal 
was  issued  for  the  publication  of  a  quarto  Bible. 
The  document  reads  as  follows : 

Proposals  for  publishing  by  Subscriptions,  by  Isaac  Collins  in  Tren- 
ton, The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and  New  Testaments ;  with 
the  Apocrypha  and  Marginal  Notes. 


Conditions. 

I.  This  Work,  to  be  contained  in  one  large  volume,  quarto,  of  nine 
hundred  and  eighty-four  pages,  will  be  reprinted,  page  for  page,  with 
the  Oxford  edition  on  a  beautiful  new  type  and  good  paper.  An 
Index  and  a  Concordance  will  be  added ;  and  also  the  Scripture  mea- 
sures, weights,  and  coins. 

II.  The  price  to  Subscribers  for  the  ^'olume,  well  bound,  Four 
Spanish  Dollars ;  One  Dollar  to  be  paid  at  the  time  of  subscribing, 
the  remainder  on  the  delivery  of  the  book. 

III.  The  Work  lo  be  put  to  press  as  soon  as  three  thousand  copies 
shall  be  subscribed  for  and  to  be  finished  without  delay. 

The  undertaking  received  the  indorsement  of  the 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  in  these  words : 

To  all  whom  it  may  concaii : 

Mr.  Isaac  Collins  has  for  many  years  last  past,  been  and  still  is, 
Printer  to  the  State  of  New  Jersey :  Having  by  this  means  had  the 
more  frequent  opportunities  to  see  his  Work,  '  tiav-  had  abundant 


The  Collins  Bible. 


91 


proof  of  the  accuracy  and  correctness  of  his  publications,  as  well  as  of 

his  remarkable  attention  to  business. 

WiL.  Livingston. 
Trenton,  nth  Sept.  1788. 

Mr.  Collins  presented  his  proposals  to  the  various 
bodies  of  Christians,  and  solicited  their  encourage- 
ment and  support.  The  first  to  take  action  were  the 
Friends.  The  minutes  of  a  meeting  held  in  Phila- 
delphia on  March  19,  1789,  show  that  the  proposed 
Bible  was  indorsed  in  these  words : 

This  undertaking  being  a  matter  of  very  interesting  concernment, 
and  such  an  edition  as  therein  proposed  appearing  likely  to  be  useful 
and  much  wanted,  on  a  deliberate  and  weighty  attention  to  these  con- 
siderations, it  is  the  united  sense  of  the  meeting,  that  it  be  recom- 
mended to  the  quarterly  and  monthly  meetings  of  Friends  to  encour- 
age the  work,  by  appointing  committees  to  procure  subscriptions 
agreeably  to  the  tenor  of  said  proposals,  and  forwarding  to  this  meet- 
ing lists  of  the  subscriptions  obtained  as  early  as  may  be,  in  order 
that  a  suitable  appointment  may  be  made  for  the  assistance  of  the 
printer  in  attending  to  the  correctness,  of  the  work. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Presbyterian  General  As- 
sembly, held  in  Philadelphia,  May  25,  1789,  a  reso- 
lution was  passed  "  that  a  person  or  persons  be  ap- 
pointed in  every  congregation,  vacant  or  supplied, 
to  procure  subscriptions  "  for  Collins's  Bible.  The 
minutes  in  addition  read : 

The  General  Assembly  also  confirm  the  appointment  made  by  the 
Synod  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  that  Dr.  John  Witherspoon, 
Dr.  Samuel  S.  Smith,  and  Mr.  James  F.  Armstrong  be  a  Committee 
to  confer  with  any  such  Committee  as  may  be  appointed,  whether 


92 


Early  Bibles. 


from  any  other  denomination,  or  from  any  other  Synod  of  our  denom-  1 
ination,  to  revise  and  correct  the  proof  sheets,  and,  if  necessary,  to 
fix  upon  the  most  correct  edition  of  the  Scriptures  to  be  recommended 
to  the  printer  from  which  to  make  his  impression,  and  that  the  said 
Committee  be  ordered  to  agree  with  the  printer,  that  Ostervald's 
Notes,  if  not  inconsistent  with  the  views  of  other  denominations  of 
Christians  engaged  in  this  undertaking,  be  printed  with  it,  in  such  a 
manner  as  may  best  promote  the  publication.  The  General  Assembly,  , 
desirous  to  spread  the  knowledge  of  eternal  life  contained  in  Holy 
Scriptures,  earnestly  recommend  to  all  the  congregations  under  their 
care  to  encourage  this  undertaking. 

The  Journal  of  the  Convention  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  held  in  Philadelphia  August  8, 
1 789,  records  the  action  taken  by  that  body  in  these 
words : 

Proposals  for  an  edition  of  the  Holy  Bible,  by  Mr.  Isaac  Collins, 
of  Trenton,  were  laid  before  this  Convention,  and  satisfactory  infor- 
mation  was  given  them  as  to  the  proposer's  abilities  for  the  execution 
of  the  work :  Whereupon,  Resolved  on  Motion  of  Mr.  Jones,  That 
the  members  of  this  Convention  will  assist  Mr.  Collins  in  the  procur- 
ing of  subscriptions. 

The  Baptist  Association  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Philadelphia  October  6,  1 789,  passed  the  following 
resolution : 

This  Association  taking  undef  consideration  the  proposals  of  Mr. 
Isaac  Collins,  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  to  print  an  edition  of  the  Holy 
Bible  in  quarto  after  the  Oxford  Edition ;  and  his  request  to  this 
Association  to  patronize  the  work ;  Being  desirous  to  encourage  so 
laudable  a  design,  do  appoint  our  brethren  the  Rev.  Oliver  Hart, 
Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  Rev.  Benjamin  Foster,  and  Rev.  Burgiss  Allison,  to 
concur  with  any  Committee  appointed  by  any  other  denomination  to 


The  Collins  Bible. 


93 


revise  and  correct  the  proof-sheets,  and,  if  necessary,  to  fix  upon  the 
most  correct  edition  of  the  Scriptures  to  be  recommended  to  the 
Printer,  from  which  to  make  his  impression.  And  that  the  same 
Committee  be  ordered  to  use  their  influence  to  prevent  the  Apocrypha, 
or  any  Notes  of  any  kind  being  printed  and  included  in  said  edition, 
as  having  a  dangerous  tendency  to  corrupt  the  simplicity  and  truth  of 
sacred  Scriptures,  by  being  thus  intimately  associated  with  them; 
and,  particularly,  as  being  incompatible  with  the  union  of  people  of 
different  religious  sentiments  in  promoting  the  work.  And,  more- 
over, the  Association  recommend  to  all  the  churches  and  congrega- 
tions in  their  bounds  to  encourage  the  undertaking. 

The  work  of  the  publisher  received  the  following 

indorsement : 

August,  1790. 

The  underwritten  have  examined  the  edition  of  the  Holy  Scriptures 

which  Mr.  Isaac  Collins  of  Trenton  is  publishing  as  far  as  he  has 

proceeded,  are  highly  satisfied  with  the  neatness  and  accuracy  of  the 

work,  and  believe  that  in  the  critical  attention  paid  to  the  different 

editions  of  England  and  Scotland,  to  the  difference  of  words  which 

are  to  be  found  in  these  editions,  and  to  the  care  bestowed  upon  the 

execution  of  the  whole,  the  work  will  be  equal  to  any  in  the  English 

language. 

Signed,    J.\o  Witherspoon 

Sam  S.  Smith 

James  F.  Armstrong 

Oliver  Hart. 

Mr.  Collins  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 
"  He  received,"  says  Thomas,  "  much  assistance  from 
the  Quakers  in  printing  the  Bible,  particularly  from 
those  in  Philadelphia,  New  Jersey,  and  New  York." 

While  the  printing  of  the  Bible  was  in  progress, 
Mr.  Collins's  establishment  was  visited  by  Mr.  Caleb 
Cressons,  who  made  this  note  in  his  diary : 


94 


Early  Bibicff. 


8th  mo.  1791.     5th  day,  35th. 

Was  out  of  bed  about  4.  .  .  .  Reached  Isaac  Collins'  at  Trenton 
about  7,  and  took  a  second  breakfast.  Went  up  into  his  printing- 
room  where  his  hands  were  busily  emph)yed  on  a  quarto  edition  of 
the  Holy  Bible  which  they  were  near  finishing.  .  .   . 

He  told  me  that  he  meant  to  strike  off  5,000  impressions,  which 
would  occasion  him  to  advance,  in  paper  and  workmanship,  at  least 
;^4,ooo  to  ;^5,ooo  before  he  could  recei-c  any  advantage.  But,  as 
our  society  in  the  United  States,  and  particularly  in  Pennsylvania, 
have  encouraged  the  work  by  subscription  and  otherwise,  I  hope 
his  laudable  and  industrious  endeavours  may  be  finally  blessed  and 
prospered. 


The  work  having  received  the  requisite  support, 
the  Bible  was  issued  from  the  ColHns  press  in  Tren- 
ton in  the  year  1791.  Though  diligently  sought 
for,  no  particulars  have  been  found  by  which  to  de- 
termine what  month  in  the  year  1791  this  publication 
appeared.  In  the  AVtc  Jersey  Journal  of  May  25th 
is  found  the  following  advertisement :  "  Notice  is 
hereby  given  to  the  public  in  general,  and  in  par- 
ticular to  the  subscribers  to  the  edition  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures  now  printing  by  Isaac  Collins  at  Trenton, 
that  he  has  proceeded  in  the  work  as  far  as  the  book 
of  John,"  etc.  All  that  can  be  said  is  that  it  was 
issued  after  the  month  of  May.  The  edition  con- 
sisted of  five  thousand  copies. 

The  title-page  reads :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  contain- 
ing the  Old  and  New  Testaments :  translated  out  of 
the  Original  Tongues :  And  with  the  former  Trans- 


The  Collins  Bible. 


95 


lations  Diligently  compared  and  revised.     Trenton : 
Printed  and  Sold  by  Isaac  Collins.     M.DCC.XCI." 

In  deference  to  the  Haptists  some  copies  were 
printed  without  the  Apocrypha  and  "  Ostervald's 
Notes."  An  address  "  To  the  Reader,"  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Witherspoon,  was  substituted  for  the  dedication  to 
King  James.  This  production  became  very  popular, 
and  was  published  over  and  over  again  in  various 
editions  of  the  Bible  by  different  printers,  for  thirty 
or  more  years.  As  it  appeared  first  in  the  Collins 
Bible  it  is  well  to  quote  it  here ; 


To  the  Reader. 

As  the  DEDICATION  of  the  English  translation  of  the  BIBLE  to 
king  James  the  first  of  England  seems  to  be  wholly  unnecessary  for 
the  purposes  of  edification,  and  perhaps  on  some  accounts  improper 
to  be  continued  in  an  American  edition,  the  Editor  has  been  advised 
by  some  judicious  friends  to  omit  it,  and  to  prefix  to  this  edition  a 
short  account  of  the  translations  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  from 
the  original  Hebrew  and  Greek  in  which  they  were  written. 

To  the  Jews  were  first  committed  ihe  care  of  the  sacred  Writings, 
and  for  many  ages  they  were  in  a  manner  confined  to  that  chosen 
people.  There  was  then  no  need  of  transl.itions  into  other  languages  ; 
yet  was  the  providence  of  God  particularly  manifest  in  their  preserva- 
tion and  purity.  The  Jews  were  so  faithful  to  their  important  trust, 
that,  when  copies  of  the  law  or  the  prophets  were  transcribed,  they 
observed  the  most  scrupulous  exactness :  they  not  only  diligently 
comp.ired  the  one  with  the  other,  but  even  counted  the  number  of 
letters  in  each  book,  and  compared  and  recorded  the  numbers. 

The  first  translations  that  were  made  of  the  Old  Testament  were  after 
the  Babylonish  captivity.  They  are  called  the  Targums,  which  word 
in  the  Chaldean  language  signifies  Translations.     They  are  also  often 


96 


Early  Bibles. 


called  the  ChaI(U>e  faraphrast-s  ;  Homc  of  them  are  exact  trnnshitionH 
of  different  jmrts  of  Scripture ;  others  are  properly  paraphrases,  con- 
taining ciilarj;cinents,  explanations,  and  even  additions.  Several  of 
them  are  yet  extant,  and  they  are  often  mentioned  by  the  ancient 
fathers  of  the  Christian  church.  Some  have  atTirmed  that  the  five 
iHjoks  of  Moses  and  that  of  Joshua  were  translated  into  C>reek  l)efore 
the  days  of  Alexander  the  (ireat.  Hut  the  most  remarkable  transla- 
tion of  the  Old  Testament  into  Hreek  is  called  the  Septuagint,  which, 
if  the  opinion  of  some  eminent  writers  is  to  be  credited,  was  made  in 
the  reign  of  Ptolemy  I'hiladelphus,  about  260  years  before  the  Chris- 
tian era.  At  any  rate  it  is  undoubtedly  the  most  ancient  that  is  now 
extant,  and  on  many  accounts  deserving  notice,  though  not  to  be  put 
on  a  level  with  the  Hebrew  text,  as  has  been  sometimes  done. 

The  New  Testament  was  originally  written  in  llreek,  and  no 
sooner  was  the  gospel  spread  through  the  nations  than  it  was  found 
necessary  to  translate  the  inspired  Writings  for  each  into  its  proper 
tongue.  Some  translations  of  the  ( )ld  Testament,  diflferent  from  the 
Septuagint,  were  made  into  Clreek  from  the  year  of  Christ's  birth  128 
to  200.  It  is  generally  believed  that  the  church  of  Antioch  was 
favoured  with  a  Syrian  translation  of  the  Uible  as  early  as  the  year 
100.  The  Ethiopians  of  Abyssinia  have  a  version  of  the  Hible,  which 
they  ascribe  to  P'rumentius,  of  the  fourth  century.  Clirysostom,  who 
lived  in  the  end  of  the  fourth,  and  Theodoret,  who  lived  in  the  middle 
of  the  fifth  century,  both  inform  us  that  they  had  the  Syrian,  Indian, 
Persian,  Armenian,  Kthiopic,  and  Scythian  versions.  The  ancient 
Egyptians  had  the  .Scriptures  translated  into  their  l.inguage.  The 
(ieorgians  have  a  versi(m  in  their  ancient  language.  The  most 
ancient  Clerman  translation  is  supposed  to  have  been  made  by  Uljihi- 
las,  A.D.  360.  The  Old  Testament  of  ;dl  these  translations,  except 
the  .Syrian,  is  taken  from  the  Septuagint,  and  not  immediately  from 
the  Hebrew  text. 

We  will  now  give  some  account  of  the  translations  of  the  Bible  into 
the  English  language.  There  have  been  some  who  have  affirmed 
that  Adelme,  Hishop  of  Sherburn,  who  lived  in  the  beginning  of  the 
eighth  century,  translated  the  Psiilms  into  the  Saxon  tongue.  That 
however  is  uncertain,  as  some  of  the  best  historians  make  no  mention 
of  it ;  yet  it  is  possible,  as  he  was  a  man  of  great  parts,  and  of  great 


The  Collins  Bible. 


97 


learning  for  thoxe  time»,  and  said  to  bi-  the  first  KngliHhnmn  who 
wrote  in  the  Latin  lan(;uagc.  Ahout  the  same  time,  or  a  little  after, 
liede,  commonly  called  the  vencral)lc  Itede,  translated  some  parts  of 
the  New  Testament,  some  say  the  whole  liil)le,  but  that  is  not  prob* 
able.  Near  aoo  years  later  king  Alfred  translated  the  Psalms  into  the 
same  language.  In  138a  Wicklifl  finished  his  translation  of  the  Uible, 
which  iii  yet  extant ;  that  is  to  say,  there  are  copies  of  it  in  some  pul)- 
lick  and  private  libraries.  All  these  translations  were  made  from  the 
Vulgate.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  the  eighth  several  editions  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments  were  published  in  Kiiglish  ;  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  is  that  of  William  Tyndal  in  1530.  The  translation  of  the 
New  Testament  was  made  from  the  original  Clreek,  but  jirobably  the 
Old  Testament  either  from  the  Latin  of  the  Vulgate,  or  the  (Ircek  of 
the  Scptuagint.  This  was  soon  followed  by  the  improvements  of 
Coverdale  and  Mathews.  By  order  of  the  king,  Ton>t;\l,  Hishop  of 
Durham,  and  Heath,  liishop  of  Rochester,  made  a  ih  w  translation, 
which  was  published  in  1541 :  but,  not  pleasing  Henry,  was  sup- 
pressed by  authority.  In  the  reign  of  king  Edwar'  the  sixth  another 
translation  was  made,  two  editions  of  which  wtr'  published,  one  in 
1549,  and  the  other  in  1551.  In  the  reign  of  queen  Elizobeth  another 
translation  was  made,  which,  being  revised  by  some  of  the  most 
learned  of  the  Bishops,  went  by  the  name  of  the  IJishops'  Bible.  This 
professed  to  be  translated  from  the  Hebrew  of  the  Old  Testament, 
and  the  Greek  of  the  New,  though  in  some  instances,  when  there  was 
a  difference,  it  preferred  the  Septuagint  to  the  Hebrew. 

This  last  circumstance,  with  some  others,  induced  king  James  the 
first  to  select  fifty-four  persons,  eminent  in  learning,  and  particularly 
well  acquainted  with  the  original  languages  in  which  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  were  written,  to  make  a  new  translation  of  the  whole 
Bible.  In  the  year  1607,  for'y-seven  of  those  persons,  the  other 
seven  probably  having  died,  assembled  together,  and  arranged  them- 
selves into  committees,  to  each  of  which  a  portion  was  given  to  trans- 
late. They  were  favoured  not  only  with  the  best  translations,  but 
with  the  most  accurate  copies,  and  the  various  readings  of  the  original 
text.  After  about  three  years  assiduous  l.ibour,  they  severally  com- 
pleted the  parts  assigned  them.  They  then  met  together,  and  while 
one  read  the  translation  newly  formed,  the  rest  had  each  a  copy  of  the 


•;!' 


98 


Early  Bibles. 


original  text  in  his  hand,  or  some  one  of  the  ancient  versions,  and 
when  any  difficulty  occurred  they  stopped,  till  by  common  consulta- 
tion it  was  determined  what  was  most  agreeable  to  the  inspired  Origi- 
nal. This  translation  was  first  published  A.D.  1610,  and  is  the  one 
which  has  been  ever  since  that  time  printed  by  publick  authority,  and 
generally  used  in  the  British  dominions.  It  may  be  added  with  safety, 
that  it  has  been  generally  approved  by  men  of  learning  and  piety  of 
all  denominations,  of  which  its  having  never  been  superseded  by  any 
other,  for  one  hundred  and  eighty  years,  is  a  sufficient  proof. 

The  Publisher  has  only  further  to  add,  that  he  has  made  the  follow- 
ing impression  f-'^m  the  Oxford  edition  of  1784  by  Jackson  and 
Hamilton — and  has  been  particularly  attentive  in  the  revisal  and  cor- 
rection of  the  proof-sheets  with  the  Cambridge  edition  of  1668  by 
John  Field — with  the  Edinburgh  edition  of  1775  by  Kincaid,  and,  in 
all  variations,  with  the  London  edition  of  1772  by  Eyre  and  Sf^-ahan 
— that  where  there  was  any  difference  in  words,  or  in  the  omission  or 
addition  of  words,  among  these,  he  followed  that  which  appeared  to 
be  most  agreeable  to  the  Hebrew  of  Arias  Montanus,  and  to  the 
(Ireek  of  Arias  Montanus  and  Leufden,  without  permitting  himself  to 
depart  from  some  one  of  the  above-mentioned  English  copies,  unless 
in  the  mode  of  spelling,  in  which  he  has  generally  followed  Johnson. 

During  the  lapse  of  years  since  this  Address  was 
written  there  has  been  a  great  advance  all  along  the 
line  of  biblical  investigation,  and  if  rewritten  to-day 
some  of  the  statements  made  to  the  reader  would  re- 
quire modification ;  but  in  the  main  the  account  is 
correct. 

This  Bible  of  1791  was  printed  with  great  care. 

"  Isaac  Collins,"  says  another,'  "  greatly  desired, 
in  undertaking  the  work,  to  present  to  those  who 

1  "  History  of  the  Collins  Family,"  p.  19. 


\\ 


The  Collins  Bible. 


99 


had  subscribed  for  it  a  Bible  free  from  typographical 
errors,  and  therefore  secured  the  services  of  a  number 
of  persons  who  had  had  long  practice  in  correct- 
ing proofs,  and  who  would  conscientiously  fulfil  the 
arduous  task.  In  revising  the  proof-sheets,  as  well 
as  in  the  examination  of  various  editions  of  the  Bible, 
several  learned  and  distinguished  ministers  of  differ- 
ent religious  denominations  gave  their  aid,  while  a 
number  of  his  children  assisted  in  reading  the  proofs 
eleven  times,  the  last  examination  being  intrusted  to 
the  eldest  daughter.  A  reward  of  one  pound  ster- 
ling was  ofiFered  by  their  father  for  the  detection  of 
any  error." 

The  work  was  two  years  in  passing  through  the 
press,  and  it  said  only  two  errors  were  ever  dis- 
covered in  it,  the  one  being  a  broken  letter,  and  the 
other  a  punctuation  mark.  In  1793  Mr.  Collins 
printed  a  Bible  in  octavo.  He  removed  his  business 
in  1 796  to  New  York  City,  and  in  1 802  took  his  son 
Thomas  into  partnership.  In  1805  Benjamin  W. 
Perkins,  Jr.,  joined  the  firm,  and  it  became  known  as 
Collins,  Perkins  &  Co.  In  1808  Isaac  Collins  retired, 
and  the  firm  became  Collins  &  Perkins.  In  1810 
Perkins  left  the  business,  which  was  carried  on  by 
Thomas  and  Isaac,  Jr.,  as  Collins  &  Co. 

Isaac  Collins  died  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  in  the  year 
181 7,  in  the  seventy-second  year  of  his  age.     It  has 


f.'-.niS'MLJi'M'jitittX 


lOO 


Early  Bibles. 


been  recorded  of  him  that  ^  "  it  was  a  cause  of  great 
satisfaction  to  him  in  his  latter  years  that  he  had 
never  published  any  works  detrimental  to  the  moral 
or  religious  education  of  the  community,  and  that 
he  had  instilled  such  a  principle  in  those  of  his  sons 
who  succeeded  him  in  the  printing  and  publishing 
business." 

Collins  &  Co.  printed  a  Bible  in  quarto"  in  1814, 
and  their  first  stereotyped  edition  in  18 16.  During 
many  years  various  impressions  of  the  Bible  and  New 
Testament  have  been  printed,  and  the  Collins  family 
are  still  in  the  publishing  business  after  the  lapse  of 
more  than  a  hundred  years. 


1  " 


History  of  the  Collins  Family,"  p.  58. 


'i*.;«(«»Mi«LA«.i.7iJ(A!i. 


giAidHanteau&u 


J'-'«>l'llf«r1tl^r^fl^-^"''"*"*"**^"*l""'*''*'****^*"*''*"'"'*"*"*"*''*"V''*"*''* 


T   3    K 


'  Ik 


SELF-INTERPRETING  BIBLE 

-tONTAINtKO,       .       '',       '"If., 


rfc 


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.    j:  '   -  .« 

MAKdUMAI.  RErBRBMCKrjrIXO  ItLUStRATIONS.  !  \' 

*i»  exa<:t  suMKaiir-w  thb  4evkral  books.  if 

SItA  PARAPHRASE' on  THB  K«$»  OWdv»»  OR'  IMPORTANT  PARTS,  (^ 

AM  ASAWrStS  OF,  WaOK^NTRKU  OP  KAOH  CHAPTE R.  J^ 


ipM»* 


■itaM«*)M*,pMMCl|k  u. 


tATORV    NOTES. 
AND  RI^GRlLtCAL   REFLECTIONS. 

iM        '<        »r  Th«  lATI 

Rs7E»«Sr»  ;^'0   H,N        BROWN, 

HAOOINOTOK. 


ift-    ^        ■• 
»I«*1«1'««,»  T*E  CO»»Kt    AT 


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"•  *-*j«»<yfc*«ii;<irliii f/OfmM,  Kcr.  liu.  i. 


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IHSTRD,,    H  O  oaS    A»»     CAM#B>EH„ 
•     itiwcacn 


'tiiiiiniiiiimi|«jiiiiiinMymjMi;,i;,ii5g 


Fac-siiuile  of  the  title  page  of  the  first  Bible  published  in  Xe«r  York. 

Reduced  size. 


,    V 


(\ 


THE   FIRST    BIBLE  PUBLISHED  IN   NEW   YORK. 


Hugh  Gaine  was  a  successful  and  enterprising 
printer  and  publisher  in  New  York  City  for  more 
than  forty  years,  his  place  of  business  during  these 
years  being  in  Hanover  Square.  It  is  stated  that  his 
press  was  first  setup  in  1750.  The  year  following 
he  started  the  New  York  Mercury,  which  he  edited 
for  thirty-one  years.  He  also  published  books  and 
pamphlets,  and  did  the  Government  printing.  In 
1790  he  issued  a  i2mo  edition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment.    This  is  the  wording  of  the  title-page : 

"  The  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ.  Newly  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Greek,  and  with  the  former  Translations  diligently 
Compared  and  Revised.  Appointed  to  be  read  in 
Churches.  H.  G.  New  York :  Printed  and  Sold  by 
Hugh  Gaine,  at  his  book-store  and  Printing  Office, 
at  the  Bible,  in  Hanover  Square.     M.DCC.XC." 

There  are  headings  to  chapters  and  columns,  and 
the  book  is  not  paged.  This  was  the  first  Testament 
printed  in  New  York.  It  is  considered  rare  by  Bible 
collectors. 


I 


lOI 


Wi-iMb:&aii^v^,jj^ 


1 02 


Early  Bibles. 


In  the  same  year  (1790)  Hodge,  Allen  &  Camp- 
bell of  New  York  started  a  movement  to  publish  two 
editions  of  the  Bible,  the  one  a  folio  and  the  other  a 
quarto.  The  sanction  and  approval  of  the  State  au- 
thorities was  deemed  advisable,  and  as  the  result  of 
a  petition  sent  to  the  legislature  the  following  resolu- 
tion was  passed  by  the  State  Senate  and  concurred 
in  by  the  House  of  Assembly  on  the  6th  of  April, 
1790: 

Resolved  (if  the  House  of  Assembly  concur  herein),  That  the 
Legislature  highly  approve  the  laudable  exertions  of  Messrs.  Hodge, 
Allen  and  Campbell,  booksellers  in  New  York,  to  promote  the  Indus- 
try and  Manufactures  of  America  by  printing  a  correct  and  neat  Edition 
of  Doctor  John  Brown's  Folio  Family  Bible ;  illustrated  with  short 
Notes  and  Annotations,  so  cautiously  expressed  as  not  to  give  offence 
to  any  denominations  of  Christians  ;  and  hope  they  may  meet  sufficient 
encouragemeii.  to  complete  their  undertaking  agreeably  to  their 
Memorial  to  the  Legislature,  whereby  the  people  may  be  supplied 
with  this  edition  much  cheaper  than  can  be  imported. 


For  some  reason  Mr.  Allen  dropped  out  of  the 
enterprise,  as  the  Bible  that  was  published  contains 
only  the  imprint  of  Hodge  &  Campbell.  The  work 
was  done  by  subscription,  and  was  two  years  in  pass- 
ing through  the  press.  The  proposals  for  the  folio 
Bible  are  still  extant,  and  a  copy  is  here  reproduced : 

New  York,  May  4th,  1790. 
Brown's  Self-Instructing  Folio  Family  Bible.     Embellished  with  a 
variety  of  elegant  Copper  Plates,  being  a  genuine  American  Edition. 
The  largest  and  cheapest  ever  proposed  to  be  printed  in  the  United 
States. 


The  First  Bible  Published  in  New   York.   103 

Proposals,  for  Printing  by  Subscription,  by  Hodge  and  Campbell 
of  New  York ;  and  will  be  put  to  Press  on  the  ist  day  of  June  next, 
The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  old  and  New  Testaments  with  the 
books  of  the  Apocrypha.  Illustrated  with  Notes  and  Annotations 
comprehending  a  most  valuable  Treasury  of  Divine  Knowledge,  With 
Practical  References  at  the  end  of  each  Chapter,  calculated  to  improve 
the  understanding,  purify  the  heart,  promote  the  cause  of  virtue,  and 
guide  the  reader  to  the  Mansions  of  Eternal  Bliss. 

By  John  Brown,  D.D. 
Late  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Haddington. 


a 
in. 
led 


Conditions  of  Publication. 

I.  The  whole  of  this  extensive  and  valuable  work,  will  be  printed 
in  large  folio  on  fine  paper,  American  manufacture,  and  on  an  excel- 
lent, large  and  new  type,  cast  on  purpose  for  this  work. 

n.  It  will  be  completed  in  forty  numbers,  one  of  which  will  be 
printed  and  delivered  regularly  every  two  weeks — price  one  Quarter 
of  a  Dollar  or  Twenty-five  Cents. 

III.  Every  other  number  will  be  embellished  with  a  beautiful  and 
elegant  engraving,  executed  by  an  ingenious  American  Artist  illustrat- 
ing some  remarkable  transaction  or  incident  recorded  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures. 

IV.  That  every  reader  may  be  enabled  to  form  a  proper  judgment 
of  the  superiority  of  this  work  over  any  other  Bible,  the  first  number 
may  be  had  for  perusal ;  and  if  it  should  not  p^  et  with  the  approba- 
tion of  the  Reader,  the  money  shall  be  ii  in>     -ately  returned. 

V.  A  correct  list  of  the  Subscribers'  names  shall  be  printed  and 
given  in  the  last  number. 

VI.  Gentlemen  who  will  interest  themselves  in  procuring  Sub- 
scribers, shall  receive  one  copy  gratis,  for  every  twelve  they  may  ob- 
tain, and  Booksellers  and  Printers  the  usual  allowance. 

tEP°  The  Public  may  be  assured,  that  the  Editors  will  spare  neither 
expense  nor  attention  in  having  the  work  carefully  and  correctly  printed. 
The  proof  sheets  shall  not  only  be  diligently  revised  and  compared 
with  various  editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  but  also  read  and  cor- 
rected by  clergymen  of  different  denominations. 

i;^  Subscriptions  received  by  the  Publishers  in  New  York,  and  by 
the  Printers  and  Booksellers  on  the  Continent. 


104 


Early  Bibles. 


The  folio  Bible  appeared  in  1 792.  The  Old  and 
New  Testaments  are  liberally  supplied  with  references 
in  the  margins.  The  Apocrypha  is  printed  in  re- 
duced type,  and  is  without  notes  or  explanations. 
The  frontispiece  is  a  patriotic  device  in  which  at  the 
head  of  the  page  is  a  representation  of  the  arms  of 
the  State  of  New  York.  Under  this  is  America 
holding  the  constitution  and  receiving  a  copy  of  the 
Bible.  The  goddess  of  Liberty  is  on  one  side,  and 
behind  America  a  pedestal  with  the  names  on  it  of 
Washington,  Montgomery,  Greene,  Franklin,  Warren, 
Adams,  Mercer,  Putnam,  Jay,  Clinton,  Gates,  Morris, 
and  Lafayette.  The  engraver  was  Dunlap.  There 
are  eighteen  other  engravings,  twelve  in  the  Old 
Testament  and  six  in  the  New.  Fronting  the  title- 
page  of  the  latter  is  a  map  of  the  Holy  Land.  The 
engravings  are  all  signed  except  one,  that  of  "  Queen 
Esther  fainting." 

The  general  title-page  reads :  "  The  Self- Interpret- 
ing Bible :  Containing,  The  Sacred  Text  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments.  Translated  from  the  Original 
Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations  Dili- 
gently Compared  and  Revised.  To  which  are  an- 
nexed, Marginal  References  and  Illustrations,  An 
exact  Summary  of  the  several  Books,  A  Paraphrase 
on  the  most  obscure  or  important  Parts,  An  Analysis 
of  the  Contents  of  each  Chapter,  Explanatory  Notes, 


The  First  Bible  Published  in  New  York.    105 

and  Evangelical  Reflections.     By  the  late  Reverend 
John  Brown,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Haddington. 

Search  the  scriptures,  for  in  them  ye  think  ye  have  eternal  life, 
and  these  are  they  which  testify  of  me,  John  v.  39. 

To  him  give  all  the  prophets  witness,  that,  through  his  name, 
whosoever  believeth  in  him  shall  receive  remission  of  sins,  Acts 
X.  43. 

Where  a  testament  is,  there  must  also  of  necessity  be  the  death 
of  the  testator,  Heb.  ix.  16. 

The  Lamb  slain  from  the  foundation  of  the  world,  Rev.  xiii.  8. 


New  York :   Printed  by  Hodg  j  and  Campbell,  And 
Sold  at  their  respective  Book  Stores.    M.DCC.XCII." 
The  back  of  the  title-page  is  blank,  and  on  the 
next  leaf  is : 

The  AUTHOR'S  ADDRESS. 

Not  to  depreciate  the  valuable  commentaries  of  Pool,  Patrick,  Clark, 
Henry,  Btirkitt,  Gill,  Doddridge,  Giiyse,  &c.  &c.  but  to  exhibit  their 
principal  substance  with  all  possible  advantage,  in  a  manner  that 
might  best  comport  with  the  ability  and  leisure  of  the  poorer  and 
labouring  part  of  mankind ;  and  especially  to  render  the  oracles  of 
God  their  own  interpreter,  and  enable  every  serious  reader  to  judge 
for  himself  what  doctrines  ought  to  be  believed  and  what  duties  prac- 
tised by  the  Christian  ;  are  the  avowed  aims  of  this  publication. 

In  the  copious  Introduction,  the  principal  Proofs  of  the  Divine 
Authority  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  and  the  Rules  neces- 
sary to  promote  the  profitable  perusal  of  the  oracles  of  GoD  therein 
contained,  are  largely  exhibited.  The  connected  scheme  of  the  He- 
urew  Laws,  and  their  evangelical  signification, — and  of  the  Fate 
of  nations,  narrated  or  predicted  in  scripture,  as  subservient  to  the 
glorious  work  of  our  redemption, — together  with  the  large  Chrono- 
logical Index, — form  a  summary  of  the  most  celebrated  labours  of 


io6 


Early  Bibles. 


the  learned  world  on  these  diversified  subjects.  An  accurate  attention 
thereto  will,  through  the  blessing  of  GoD,  greatly  assist  in  searching 
the  scriptures  with  success. 

The  CuNTKNls  of  the  sacred  books,  and  their  respective  chapters, 
are  an  accurate,  full,  and  explicatory,  representation  of  their  subject. 
—Properly  attending  to  these,  the  reader  must  discern  of  whom,  or  of 
what,  the  Holy  Ghost  there  speaks,  and  understand  the  passage 
accordingly.  He  may  easily  fix  in  his  mind  a  general,  but  distinct, 
view  of  the  whole  system  of  inspiration  ;  and  thus  be  capable,  with  the 
utmost  readiness,  to  find  oui  or  compare  whatever  passages  of  scrip- 
ture  he  may  desire. 

The  Explanatory  Notes  are  chiefly  confined  to  \\^g  figurative,  the 
prophetic,  and  the  practical,  parts.  Here  the  obscurity  of  scripture, 
or  the  importance  of  faith  and  holiness,  chiefly  required  them. 

In  our  Saviour's  delightful  discourses,  and  the  epistles  of  his  in- 
spired messengers,  our  holy  religion  is  most  fully  delineated ;  and 
there  the  explication  is  peculiarly  extensive,  and  attempts  to  exhibit 
the  substance  of  many  learned  and  expensive  commentaries,  in  a  man- 
ner which,  attending  to  the  beautiful  connection,  clearly  unfolds  the 
scope  and  meaning  of  the  Spirit  of  God. 

A  particular  and  lively  application  of  divine  truth  to  the  heart,  and 
an  unspotted  holiness  of  conversation,  being  the  immediate  end  of 
God's  revelations  to  men,  the  contents  of  each  chapter,  which  are 
often  in  an  explicatory  manner,  are  in  the  Reflections  practically 
summed  up,  and  directed  home  to  the  reader  himself,  for  enlighten- 
ing his  understanding,  awakening  his  conscience,  warming  his  heart, 
and  for  directing  and  animating  his  practice. 

An  exact  knowledge  of  the  Seasons  in  which  the  oraclf.s  of  God 
were  delivered,  or  the  events  mentioned  in  them  took  place,  being  of 
no  small  importance  for  obtaining  a  distinct  perception  of  their  mean- 
ing, the  dates  before  and  after  our  Saviour's  incarnation  have  been 
adjusted  from  the  best  chronologers,  and  m.arked  in  the  margin. 

But  as  every  Protestant  must  allow  the  scripture  itself  to  be  its  own 
interpreter — as  God,  to  oblige  men  to  a  diligent  search  of  his  word, 
comparing  spiritual  things  with  spiritual,  has  seldom  fully  unfolded 
any  of  his  more  important  truths  in  one  particular  passage — the  un- 
common collection  of  Parallel  Scriptures,  such  as  is  not  to  be 


'  r 


The  First  Bible  Published  in  New  York.    107 

found  any  where  else  that  I  know  of,  has  formed  the  most  laborious, 
and  will,  to  the  diligent  peruser,  be  found  f>yfar\.)\(i  most  valuable  part, 
of  the  work.  Some  of  these  are  similar  in  phrase,  others  in  meaning, 
and,  in  fine,  others  in  their  scope  and  design.  In  these,  and  others 
which  may  be  added,  we  have  a  delightful  view  of  the  Harmony  of 
the  scripture,  and  multiplied  Proofs  of  every  article  of  our  Christian 
faith ;  we  have  a  real  Concordance,  which  may  abundantly  furnish 
preachers  and  others  with  their  desired  quotations ;  we  have,  in  little 
room,  a  large  Commentary,  infinitely  more  certain  than  any  dictates 
of  men ;  and  of  which  the  very  words  are,  as  nails  and  as  goads,  pointed 
and  fastened  by  the  great  Master  of  assemblies.  In  a  truly  diligent 
comparison  of  them,  many  texts  all  at  once  explain,  and  are  explained 
by,  each  other.  Nor,  unless  at  first,  will  the  careful  reader  find  much 
trouble  in  comparing  the  texts :  but  the  mere  view  of  the  marginal 
quotations  will  direct  his  memory  to  that  part  of  them  which  corre- 
sponds with  the  sentence  to  which  they  are  annexed  for  explication. 
And,  for  his  encouragement,  I  can  truly  say,  that  my  labour,  in  coK 
lecting  the  parallel  texts  in  this  work,  has  afforded  me  much  more 
PLEASANT  INSIGHT  into  the  oracles  of  God  than  all  the  numerous 
commentaries  which  I  ever  perused. 

Thus  we  may  listen  to  and  converse  with  God,  and  lay  our  con- 
sciences open  to  the  inspired  arrows  of  our  all-conquering  Redeemer  ; 
— we  find  his  words,  and  eat  them,  to  the  joy  and  health  of  our  soul ; 
we  hide  them  in  our  heart,  that  we  may  not  sin  against  him ;  we  be- 
come mighty  in  the  scriptures,  and  expert  in  handling  this  sword  of 
the  Spirit,  in  opposition  to  every  enemy  of  our  soul:  in  fine,  we  are 
made  wise  unto  salvation ;  are  reproved,  corrected,  and  instructed  in 
righteousness,  and  perfectly  furnished  for  every  good  work.  May 
the  Lord  himself  prosper  it  for  these  ends! 

J.  Brown. 


The  next  page  is  occupied  with  an  address  "  To 
the  Reader."  This  is  in  substance  the  same  as  that 
found  in  the  Collins  Bible  of  1791,  which  is  quoted 
in  full  in  the  Collins  chapter.     There  is  a  variation 


io8 


Early  Bibles, 


in  the  opening  paragraph,  and  here  and  there  in  the 
language  that  follows.  After  this  is  "  An  Introduc- 
tion to  The  Right  Understanding  of  the  Oracles  of 
God."  This  covers  36  pages,  closely  printed,  and  is 
divided  into  five  chapters,  dealing  with  the  following 
subjects:  Chapter  I.,  Of  the  Divine  Authority  of  the 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments ;  Chapter 
II.,  Of  Rules  for  Understanding  the  Scriptures  of 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments;  Chapter  III.,  Of  the 
Jewish  Laws  and  Types;  Chapter  IV.,  A  Short 
View  of  the  Geography  and  History  of  Nations; 
Chapter  V.,  A  Chronological  Harmony  of  the  Scrip- 
ture Histories,  and  of  the  F'ulfilment  of  its  Predictions. 
Besides  this  Introduction  it  has  an  "  Appendix  of 
Weights,  Monies,  Measures,  and  Times,  mentioned 
in  Scripture " ;  a  "  Table  of  Scripture  Measures, 
Weights,  and  Coins:  With  an  Appendix,  containing 
the  Method  of  calculating  its  Measures  of  Surface, 
hitherto  wanting  in  Treatises  on  this  Subject.  By 
the  Right  Reverend  Richard  Lord  Bishop  of  Peter- 
borough." 

Following  these  comes  "  A  Table  of  Offices  and 
Conditions  of  Men,"  covering  a  half-page;  then  the 
*'  Names  and  Order  of  all  the  Books  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  and  the  Apocrypha,  with  the  Num- 
ber of  thjir  Chapters." 

Next  the  "  Days  of  the  Week  "  and  the  "  Watches  " 


The  First  Bible  Published  in  New  York.    109 

(referring  to  the  division  of  time),  followed  by  a 
•'  Table  of  Kindred  and  Affinity." 

A  List  of  Subscribers  is  printed  at  the  end  of  the 
New  Testament,  while  in  other  copies  it  is  placed 
between  ..tie  address  "  To  the  Reader  "  and  the  "  In- 
troduction." The  first  name  on  the  list  is  that  of 
"  George  Washington,  Esq.  President  of  the  United 
States  of  An-erica."  On  the  last  page  is  an  expres- 
sion of  thanks  from  the  publishers  for  the  support 
they  received  in  printing  the  Bible.  This  is  signed 
by  them  and  dated  "  New- York,  ist  April,  1792." 

In  '.he  same  year  Hodge  &  Campbell  issued  their 
quarto  edition  of  the  Bible,  It  differs  throughout 
from  the  folio,  and  is  not  supplied  with  Brown's 
Notes. 

Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments :  Newly  translated  out  of  the 
Original  Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations 
diligently  compared  and  revised.  Search  the  Scrip- 
tures, &c.  To  Him  give  all  the  Prophets,  &c. 
Where  a  testament  is,  &c.  The  Lamb  slain,  &c. 
New  York :  Printed  by  Hodge  and  Campbell,  and 
Sold  at  their  respective  Bookstores.     M.DCC.XCII." 

At  the  end  of  the  volume  are  the  Psalms  in  meter 
after  the  Scotch  version.  While  well  printed  and  a 
creditable  book,  it  never  excited  the  interest  nor 
commanded  the  sale  of  the  folio  edition. 


r 
ii 


BH?; 


^JM,tililU.M 


l.l 


no 


Early  Bibles. 


Hugh  Gaine  also  issued  a  Bible  in  New  York  in 
1792.     It  is  a  i2mo  book,  printed  in  Ruby  type. 

Title-page:  "The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments:  Translated  out  of  the 
Original  Tongues ;  And  with  the  former  Translations 
diligently  compared  and  revised.  H.  G.  New  York : 
Printed  and  Sold  by  Hugh  Gaine  at  his  Book-Store 
and  Printing  Office,  at  the  Bible,  in  Hanover- Square. 
M.DCC.XCII." 

This  Bible  is  without  preface,  and  is  not  paged. 
Following  the  general  title-page  is  a  line  running 
"  The  Names  and  Order  of  all  the  Books  of  the 
O.  and  N.  Test."  A  second  page  is  devoted  to  an 
"  Account  of  the  Dates  or  Time  of  writing  the  Books 
of  the  New  Testament."  The  book  ends  with 
"  A  Table  of  Offices  and  Conditions  of  Men."  This 
Bible  cannot  be  considered  strictly  an  American  pro- 
duction, as  the  types  it  is  believed  were  set  up  in 
Scotland,  and  the  plates  then  imported  to  this  coun- 
try, and  the  printing  executed  in  New  York.  Eleven 
years  after  the  publication  of  the  first  edition,  the 
plates  were  sold  to  Carey  of  Philadelphia. 

Browne's  Self- Interpreting  Bible  of  1792  reap- 
peared in  New  York  in  1806  as  "  Printed  by  Sage  & 
Clough,  for  Robt.  McDermut,  No.  248,  and  J.  &  T. 
Ronalds,  No.  188  Pearl  Street."  The  text  is  the 
same  as  in  the  first  edition,  but  the  engravings  are 


The  First  Bible  Published  in  New   York.   1 1 1 


taken  from  the  Thomas  Bible  of  179 1.  A  third 
issue  bears  the  date  of  1820  and  the  imprint  of 
S.  Walker,  148  Cherry  Street,  New  York.  From 
the  same  place  of  business,  T.  Kinnersley,  in  1822, 
published  the  fourth  edition.  It  came  out  in  162 
numbers,  embellished  with  twenty-eight  copper-plate 
engravings.  After  the  address  "  To  the  Reader  "  is 
printed  "  A  Calculation  of  the  number  of  books, 
chapters,  verses,  words,  letters,  &c.,  in  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  and  the  Apocrypha,"  which  some 
curious  person  had  worked  out.  This  "  Calculation  "  ^ 
has  since  become  very  familiar,  but  this  was  prob- 
ably its  first  appearance  in  an  American  Bible.  A 
fifth  edition  of  Browne's  Bible  was  published  by  Mr. 
Kinnersley  in  New  York  in  1826,  and  the  sixth  in 
1833.  The  stereotyped  plates  found  their  way  to 
Balti:nore,  where  they  did  their  last  service  in  an 
edition  of  the  Self- Interpreting  Bible  printed  by 
Joseph  Neal  of  that  city  in  185  i.  There  is  no  date 
on  the  title-page,  but  on  the  printed  numbers  or 
parts  in  which  it  was  issued  the  year  1851  is  given. 

In  1859  Johnson,  Fry  &  Co.,  2"]  Beekman  Street, 
New  York,  issued  an  edition  of  the  Self- Interpreting 
Bible,  from  entirely  new  plates.  This  is  expressly 
stated  as  "  A  New  Edition."  It  draws  from  a  num- 
ber of  commentaries,  and  claims  to  have  "  upward 


1  Appendix  L. 


■nm.ii 


112 


Early  Bibles. 


of  eight  thousand  explanatory  and  critical  notes." 
The  new  material  was  edited  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Cooke,  D.D.,  LL.D.  The  book  was  issued  in  num- 
bers, and  many  of  the  engravings  are  repeated  from 
Rutter's  "  Life  of  Christ." 

The  Self- Interpreting  Bible  had  a  long  popularity.' 
During  the  years  of  its  publication  the  wording  of 
the  title-page  was  changed,  different  engravings 
were  used,  and  several  printers  had  it  in  hand,  but 
the  body  of  the  book  remained  the  same,  and  the 
folio  form  was  continued. 


THE 


~'l 


OLD  COVENANT, 


COMMONLY  CALLED 


THE  OLD  TESTAMENT : 


T&AHSLATEU   FROM 


THE  SEPTUAGINT. 


By  CHARLES  THOMSON, 

Late  Secretary  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 


VOL.  r. 


panjtnELPHU: 
PRINTED  BY  JANE  AITKEN,  No,  n, 

WORTH  THIRD  STREET. 
1808. 


..'■liA 


Fac-simlle  of  t'ae  title  page  of  the  IJible  trarisliited  from  tlio  Septtiaglnt 

by  Charles  Thomson  and  itulilished  at  Philadelphia  in  18U8. 

Kediicud  size. 


\\ 


THE  FIRST  TRANSLATION  FROM  THE 
SEPTUAGINT. 


In  the  year  1808  the  press  of  Jane  Aitken  of 
Philadelphia  gave  to  the  world  a  version  of  the  Bible 
that  indicated  a  high  order  of  scholarship.  It  came 
from  the  pen  of  Charles  Thomson,  and  was  the  first 
translation  in  America  of  the  Septuagint  into  Eng- 
lish. It  was  issued  in  four  octavo  volumes.  Watson, 
in  his  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia,"  says  of  Thomson :  ^ 
"  He  told  me  that  he  was  first  induced  to  study  Greek 
from  having  bought  a  part  of  the  Septuagint  at  an 
auction  in  this  city.  He  had  bought  it  for  a  mere 
trifle,  and  without  knowing  what  it  was,  save  that 
the  crier  said  it  was  outlandish  letters.  When  he 
had  mastered  it  enough  to  understand  it,  his  anxiety 
became  great  to  see  the  whole ;.  but  he  could  find  no 
copy.  Strange  to  tell,  in  the  interval  of  two  years, 
passing  the  same  store,  and  chancing  to  look  in,  he 
then  saw  the  remainder  actually  crying  off  for  a  few 
pence,  and  he  bought  it.     I  used  to  tell  him  that  the 

1  Watson's  "  Annals  of  Philadelphia,"  1850,  vol.  i.,  p.  568. 

"3 


114 


Early  Bibles. 


translation  which  he  afterward  made  should  have 
had  these  facts  set  at  the  front  of  the  work  as  a 
preface ;  for  that  great  work,  the  first  of  the  kind  in 
the  English  language,  strangely  enough,  was  ushered 
into  the  world  without  any  preface." 

The  title-page  reads :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  contain- 
ing the  Old  and  New  Covenant,  commonly  called 
the  Old  and  New  Testament :  Translated  from  the 
Greek.  By  Charles  Thomson,  Late  Secretary  to  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States.  Philadelphia :  Printed 
by  Jane  Aitken,  No.  71  North  Third  Street.  1808. 
4  vols." 

This  version  received  the  enthusiastic  approval  of 
scholars  at  the  time  it  was  published,  and  is  still 
valued  for  its  vigor  and  perspicuity.  Orme  speaks 
of  it  in  commendable  terms  in  his  "  Bibliotheca  Bib- 
lica  "  of  1824,  where  he  says:^  "This  transatlantic 
work  is  creditable  to  America  and  to  the  learned 
author.  It  is  the  only  English  version  of  the  Septua- 
gint,  and  is  therefore  worthy  of  attention,  as  well  as 
for  the  fidelity  with  which  it  is  executed.  The  New 
Testament  contains  many  improved  renderings  and 
improvements."  Home  follows  in  like  terms  in  his 
"  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,"  published  in 
1839.     He  writes :2  "The  translation  is,  upon  the 


1  "  Bibliotheca  Biblica,"  p.  429. 

2  "  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,"  p.  263. 


/ 


The  First  Translation  from  the  Septuagint.   1 1 5 


whole,  faithfully  executed,  though  that  of  the  Old 
Testament,  being  a  version  of  a  version,  can  hardly 
afford  much  assistance  to  the  biblical  student.  The 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  is  much  improved 
in  the  punctuation,  and  also  in  the  arrangement  of 
the  objections  and  replies  that  occasion  such  frequent 
transitions  in  St.  Paul's  Epistles.  The  notes  which 
accompany  this  work  are  very  brief,  but  satisfactory 
as  far  as  they  go." 

As  the  years  have  gone  by  Thomson's  translation 
has  not  lost  its  place  in  the  minds  of  critical  students. 
As  one  evidence  of  this,  it  need  only  be  stated  that 
it  was  consulted  by  the  Revision  Committee  in  their 
version  of  1881.  The  following  quotations  will  give 
the  reader  some  impression  of  this  translation : 

St.  Matt.  v. 

On  seeing  these  multitudes  he  went  up  to  the  mount  and  sat  down, 
and  his  disciples  came  to  him,  and  he  opened  his  mouth  and  taught 
them,  saying, 

3.  Happy  the  pooi  in  spirit ;  for  the  kingdom  of  the  heavens  is 
theirs. 

4.  Happy  they  who  mourn ;  for  they  shall  be  comforted. 

5.  Happy  the  meek ;  for  they  shall  inherit  the  land. 

6.  Happy  they  who  hunger  and  thirst  for  righteousness ;  for  they 
shall  be  satisfied. 

7.  Happy  the  merciful ;  for  they  shall  obtain  mercy. 

8.  Happy  the  pure  in  heart ;  for  they  shall  see  God. 

9.  Happy  the  peacemakers ;  for  they  shall  be  called  children  of 
God. 

10.  Happy  they  who  are  persecuted  for  righteousness'  sake ;  for 
the  kingdom  of  the  heavens  is  theirs. 


ii6 


Early  Bibles. 


11.  Happy  are  ye  when  men  will  revile  and  persecute  you,  and 
accuse  you  falsely  of  every  evil  thing  on  my  account. 

12.  Rejoice  and  exult  triumphantly ;  for  great  will  be  your  reward 
in  heaven ;  for  thus  they  persecuted  the  prophets  who  were  before 
you. 

13.  You  are  the  salt  of  the  earth.  Now  if  the  salt  become  insipid, 
with  what  can  it  be  made  salt?  It  is  no  longer  fit  for  anything,  but 
to  be  thrown  out  of  doors,  and  trampled  under  foot  by  men. 

v.  37 — Let  your  word  yes  be  yes,  and  your  no,  no ;  for  whatever 
exceedeth  these  proceedeth  from  that  which  is  evil. 

St.  John  xvi. 

1.  These  things  I  have  spoken  to  you  that  you  may  not  be 
stumbled. 

2.  They  will  excommunicate  you.  Indeed  a  time  is  coming,  when 
whosoever  killeth  you  will  think  he  doth  an  act  of  religious  worship 
to  God. 

7.  But,  I  tell  you  this  truth,  it  is  to  your  advantage  that  I  go  away ; 
for  if  I  do  not  go,  the  monitor  will  not  come  to  you ;  but  when  I  go 
I  will  send  him  to  you. 

8.  And  when  he  is  come  he  will  convince  the  worlu  in  respect  to 
sin,  and  in  respect  to  rightecmsness,  and  in  respect  to  judgment — 

9.  in  respect  to  sin,  because  they  do 

ID.  not  believe  in  me ;  and  in  respect  to  righteousness  because  I  go 
to  my  Father  and  you  see 

II.  me  no  more;  and  in  respect  to  judgment,  because  the  prince  of 
this  world  is  judged. 


I  Cor.  XV. 

v.  35.  But  a  certain  person  will  say,  How  are  the  dejd  raised  and 
with  what  sort  of  a  body  do  they  come?  Simpleton!  that  which  thou 
thyself  sowest  is  not  quickened  except  it  dieth.  And  as  to  what  thou 
sowest,  thou  sowest  not  the  body  which  is  to  be,  but  a  bare  grain,  for 
instance,  of  wheat,  or  of  any  other  seeds ;  and  God  giveth  it  a  body 
as  it  hath  pleased  him  and  to  every  of  the  seeds  its  own  peculiar  body. 


The  First  Translation  from  the  Septuagint.   1 1 7 


In  the  fifth  chapter  of  the  First  Epistle  of  St.  John 
the  translator  omits  the  verse  about  the  three  heav- 
enly witnesses. 

Charles  Thomson  was  born  at  Maghera,  Ireland, 
on  November  29,  1729.  He  and  his  father  sailed 
for  America  in  1741,  but  the  father  died  at  sea,  and 
the  son  landed  at  New  Castle,  Del.  The  lad  was 
but  eleven  years  old  and  in  destitute  circumstances. 
He  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  family  at  New  Castle,  but 
as  they  desired  to  apprentice  him  to  a  blacksmith  he 
ran  away.  On  the  road  he  met  a  kind-hearted  lady 
who  offered  him  a  seat  in  her  carriage.  She  asked 
him,  "What  would  you  like  to  be?"  His  ready 
reply  was,  "  A  scholar."  His  wish  was  splendidly 
realized,  for  she  took  him  under  her  care  and  gave 
him  an  education.  In  the  war  with  Great  Britain, 
Thomson  gave  his  sympathy  and  influence  to  the 
side  of  the  colonies.  In  1774  John  Adams  wrote: 
"  Charles  Thomson  is  the  Sam  Adams  of  Philadelphia, 
the  life  of  the  cause  of  liberty."  At  the  organization 
of  the  Continental  Congress  at  Philadelphia,  in  1774, 
Thomson  was  elected  Secretary  by  a  unanimous  vote. 
He  declined  tO  receive  pay  for  his  first  year  of  ser- 
vice to  Congress,  and  that  bod}'-,  in  recognition  of  his 
patriotism,  presented  a  silver  urn  to  his  wife,  who 
was  a  sister  of  Benjamin  Harrison  of  Virginia,  one 


ii8 


Early  Bibles. 


of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
He  filled  other  positions  of  honor  and  responsibility, 
and  was  appointed  to  announce  to  Washington  his 
election  as  President  of  the  United  States.  Each 
year  he  was  reelected  as  Secretary,  up  to  1 789,  when 
he  retired  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  himself  to 
biblical  study.  Such  cases  are  rare,  of  men  giving 
up  honorable  public  positions  for  the  sake  of  mental 
pursuits.  His  retirement  was  regretted  by  Washing- 
ton and  his  associates.  His  intellectual  ability  was 
widely  recognized,  for  John  Jay  desired  him  to  write 
the  history  of  the  American  Revolution,  saying, 
"  You  are  the  most  competent  man  for  the  work." 
Thomson  was  greatly  esteemed  for  his  nobility  of 
character,  and  especially  for  his  veracity.  The  Del- 
aware Indians,  with  whom  he  was  commissioned  to 
treat,  called  him  "The  Man  of  Truth."  He  died 
in  1824,  at  Lower  Merion,  Montgomery  County,  Pa. 
His  residence  for  many  years  was  at  Bryn  Mawr,  in 
the  same  State.  His  house  is  still  standing,  and  the 
room  is  shown  which  was  used  as  his  library  when 
he  wrote  his  translation  of  the  Bible.  The  original 
manuscript  is  in  the  possession  of  Allegheny  College, 
and  three  note-books  in  Thomson's  handwriting,  con- 
taining suggestions  and  alterations  concerning  his 
translations,  are  in  the  library  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Historical  Society.     His  own  copy  of  the  Bible,  with 


/ 


The  First  Translation  from  the  Scptuagint.    1 1 9 

the  manuscript  notes  in  the  margins,  is  the  property 
of  the  Library  Company  of  Philadelphia. 

The  strong  translation  that  Thomson  gave  us  was 
the  result  of  twenty  years  of  patient  investigation, 
persistent  study,  and  an  intense  love  for  his  work. 
Before  the  manuscript  was  given  to  the  press  it  was 
transcribed  four  times.  Dr.  Francis  Bowen,  Profes- 
sor of  Philosophy  in  Harvard  College,  speaks  thus  of 
Thomson :  "  This  solitary  and  unaided  scholar,  over 
three  quarters  of  a  century  ago,  liv  ing  in  what  might 
have  been  viewed  from  the  English  standpoint  as  a 
small  provincial  city,  having  at  his  disposal  none  of 
the  rich  means  and  appliances  of  scholarship  which 
were  collected  in  the  Jerusalem  chamber  of  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  in  fact  probably  possessing 
hardly  any  books  available  for  his  purpose  except  an 
English  Bible  and  a  copy  of  the  Textus  Receptus  of 
the  Greek  New  Testament  and  Scptuagint,  has  yet 
produced  a  work  which  may  well  challenge  compari- 
son with  the  best  results  of  the  united  labors,  dur- 
ing the  last  ten  years,  of  two  companies  containing 
thirty  or  forty  of  the  best  scholars  in  England  and 
America." 

Mr.  Albert  J.  Edmunds  says :  "  Thomson's  trans- 
lation is  notable  for  its  sound  erudition  and  scholarly 
care,  but  also  for  its  singular  freedom  from  traditional 
renderings.     Wherever  it  was  possible  to  translate  a 


130 


Early  Bibles. 


theological  term  with  breadth  and  freshness  it  was 
done,  but  only  where  an  honest  latitude  was  allowed 
by  the  original."  He  also  adds:  "It  seems  to  me 
that  a  version  of  such  sterling  worth  ought  not  to  be 
left  languishing  on  the  shelves  of  old  book-stores,  to 
be  bought  as  a  bibliographical  curiosity,  as  it  now 
has  too  long  been,  but  should  be  taken  up  by  a  good 
publisher  and  recdited  with  care.  Neither  Roman 
nor  Genevan,  neither  High  Church  nor  Low,  of  no 
sect  and  of  no  prejudice,  whether  of  unbelief  or  of 
over-belief,  this  American  patriot  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  who  lived  to  be  ninety-four  and  spent  a 
glorious  old  age  in  his  home  near  Bryn  Mawr,  trans- 
lating the  records  of  our  faith,  ought  to  stand  among 
us  once  more  in  the  form  of  a  newer  and  more  ac- 
cessible edition  of  his  great  work,  the  Old  and  New 
Covenants."  i 

The  Rev.  Henry  G.  Weston,  writing  in  the  Chris- 
tian Index,  says  of  the  New  Testament  part  of 
Thomson's  work :  "  Taking  into  consideration  all  the 
circumstances  in  which  it  was  produced,  the  time, 
the  author,  the  state  of  biblical  learning,  this  is  a 
marvelous  production.  Felicitous  in  its  language, 
not  so  much  translating  words  as  transferring  ideas, 
conveying  the  thought  of  the  Greek  into  expressive 

1  "  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,"  October 
number,  1891,  p.  335. 


The  First  Translation  from  the  Scptuagint,   1 2 1 


English,  a  chapter  can  hardly  be  read  in  the  hearing 
of  any  person  fond  of  the  New  Testament  study 
without  awakening  curiosity  and  interest.  I  some- 
times use  it  at  family  prayers,  and  frequently  in  the 
seminary  chapel ;  never,  if  strangers  are  present, 
without  eliciting  inquiries  as  to  th.  author,  and 
rarely  without  hearing  the  desire  ex[  ressed  to  pos- 
sess the  work.  Indeed,  I  have  had  for  years  orders 
at  second-hand  book-stores  lor  uvery  copy  rflfered 
for  sale,  and  there  are  always  iriendp  awaiting  to 
take  it  from  me.  Those  <vho  wish  a  '  e  rsion  which 
translates  words  in  the  order  i  :  -"'lich  they  oc.'.'r  in 
the  Greek  will  consider  it  infe  ior  <  »  the  Canterbury 
version.  In  idiomatic  expression,  in  simplicity  and 
grade,  in  rhythm  and  cadence,  it  need  not  be  said 
that  it  is  inferior,  as  all  English  versions  must  be,  to 
the  Authorized  Version  ;  but  for  'clearness,  accuracy, 
and  force,'  it  would  be  hard  to  surpass  it." 

In  1815  Mr.  Thomson  published  at  Philadelphia  a 
work  bearing  the  title  of  "  A  Synopsis  of  the  Four 
Evangelists,  or  a  Rtij'.'  r  History  of  the  Conception, 
Birth,  Doctrine,  Miracles,  Death,  Resurrection,  and 
Ascension  of  Jesus  Christ  in  the  Words  of  the  Evan- 
gelists."    Willi  m  McCullogh  was  the  printer. 


THE  FIRST  HEBREW  BIBLE. 


I 


We  have  seen  that  from  the  press  of  Harvard 
College  came  the  earliest  publications  of  this  country. 
From  the  same  source  issued  the  first  book  printed 
in  America  in  the  Hebrew  language.  It  is  an  edition 
of  the  Psalms,  edited  by  Professor  Francis  Hare,  and 
printed  by  Hilliard  &  Metcalf  in  1809.  It  is  a  i2mo 
book  of  495  pages,  and  is  very  rare.  Under  the 
Hebrew  text  are  various  readings,  and  below  this  the 
Latin  translation. 

In  1 8 1 o  Mills  Day  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  circulated  a 
prospectus  in  which  he  promised  to  publish  an  octavo 
Hebrew  Bible.  At  the  same  time  he  sent  out  two 
sample  pages  in  Hebrew  of  the  first  chapter  and  part 
of  the  second  chapter  of  Genesis.  The  project  evi- 
dently failed,  for  no  Hebrew  Bible  has  ever  been 
seen  with  Day's  imprint. 

In  18 12  Mr.  Horwitz  formulated  his  plans  for 
publishing  a  Bible  in  Hebrew  and  secured  a  number 
of  subscribers,  but  in  181 3  he  transferred  the  busi- 
ness to  Mr.  Thomas  Dobson  of  Philadelphia.     The 


122 


DUinai  Q'X'DJ  r\'-\'\r\ 


BIB  LI  A  HEBRAIC  A, 


SFiCUKDt'M  in^TlM\M  V.niTIONFAt 

JOS.  ATHIAE, 

A 

JOIIANNE  LEUSDEIS 

DENUO  nECOCNlTAM. 
KECENSITA  VARHSQUE  NOT18  LATINIS  ELLUSTRATA 

AB 

EVERARDO  VAN  DER  HOOGHT, 

VD.M. 


i^DrnO  PRtMA  AMERICANA,  SINE  PDNCTTS 
MASORETUICIS. 


TOM.  I. 


PHILADELPHI/E: 

CUBA  KT  IMCRNSa  THOMJE  DOBSON  EDITA  EX  -EDIDt'S  LAPIDBIS 

TYFIS  GULIELMI  FRY. 
MBCCCXiV. 

Fnc-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  first  Hebrew  Bible  published  in  America. 

Ueduced  siKc, 


The  First  Hebrew  Bible. 


123 


work  was  issued  in  18 14  in  two  octavo  volumes,  the 
printer  being  William  Fry,  of  the  same  city.  The 
preface  is  in  Latin  and  covers  eight  pages.  It  was 
written  by  Van  der  Hooght,  and  refers  to  the  divi- 
sion of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  to  their  names,  to 
the  separation  of  numerous  paragraphs  in  the  Penta- 
teuch, to  the  sections  of  each  week,  to  the  number 
of  verses  in  each  book,  and  to  certain  grammatical 
rules. 

The  Old  Testament  according  to  the  computation 
of  the  Jews  is  made  up  of  twenty-four  books.  The 
twelve  minor  prophets  are  considered  as  one  book, 
and  Ezra  and  Nehemiah  also  as  one  book.  There  is 
a  threefold  division  of  the  whole  book :  first,  Torah, 
which  comprises  the  Pentateuch;  second,  Neviim, 
which  contains  the  books  of  the  former  and  latter 
prophets  as  they  are  denominated ;  and  third,  Kethu- 
rim,  containing  the  Psalms,  Proverbs,  and  nine  other 
books.  Of  this  first  issue  of  the  Hebrew  Bible  in 
the  United  States  the  Rev.  S.  Morais,  LL.D.,  the 
well-known  rabbi  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  letter  to  me 
writes :  "  The  edition  is  good,  and  I  think  as  correct 
as  others.  The  marginal  annotations  are  helpful  and 
copious.  They  occur  more  frequently  in  the  Penta- 
teuch and  historical  books  than  in  the  prophets  and 
Hagiographa,  where  they  are  found  only  on  each 
chapter  or  psalm."     In   1846  an  edition  of  the  Pen- 


124 


Early  Bibles. 


tateuch  in  Hebrew  in  five  octavo  volumes  was  printed 
by  C.  Sherman  of  Philadelphia.  A  resident  of  the 
city,  the  Rev.  Isaac  Leeser,  the  rabbi  of  the  Hope 
of  Israel  congregation,  edited  the  work.  He  designed 
it  to  be  so  strictly  Jewish  that  he  consulted  no  Eng- 
lish authorities,  but  drew  from  the  writings  of  emi- 
nent Jews,  such  as  Arnheim,  Zung,  Hochstratter, 
Johlson,  Mendelssohn,  and  Heineman. 

Rabbi  Leeser  in  1849,  ^^  conjunction  with  Joseph 
Jaquett,  edited  a  Hebrew  Bible,  which  was  published 
in  Phi'^delphia.  It  is  an  octavo  of  1416  pages,  and 
typographically  well  done.  At  the  end  the  reader 
is  informed  in  what  volume  of  the  prophets  each 
Hafftarah  or  prophetic  section  of  each  Sabbath  can 
be  found,  so  likewise  that  read  on  a  holiday.  This 
is  the  first  Hebrew  Bible  printed  in  this  country  with 
Masoretic  points. 

In  1853  a  quarto  edition  of  the  Old  Testament 
was  published  in  Philadelphia,  which  is  in  English 
in  double  columns.  The  translation  was  made  espe- 
cially for  the  Jews  by  Rabbi  Leeser.  He  devoted 
fifteen  years  to  the  work,  and  consulted  no  English 
book  except  Bagster's  Bible. 


THE 


MT; 


OB, 


THE    BOOK     OF    THE'  HOLY     GOSPEL 


OF  OUR  LORD  AND  OUR  OOD, 


JESUS  THE  MESSIAH. 


51  tltirol  'tottBlatinii  ftnni  tjjt  Itjriat  :^^tB!iila  i>cr3idii. 


Br  JAMES  MURDOCK/D.D. 


NEW-  YORK: 
PUBLISHED   BY   STANFORD   AND   SWOUDS, 

'_  NO.    137    BEOADVfAY. 

1851. 


Fac-siiuilo  of  the  title  page  of  the  ftrxt  Translation  made  in  the  United  States  of 
the  New  Testament  from  the  Syrlac-reshlto  Version.    Ueduced  size. 


THE  FIRST  TRANSLATION  FROM  THE  PESHITO 
SYRIAC  VERSION. 


Among  the  oldest  versions  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  is  the  Peshito  Syriac.  The  word  "  Peshi- 
to"  has  been  variously  defined.  Some  writers  give 
it  the  meaning  of  "  simple,"  as  having  reference  to 
the  simplicity  and  clearness  of  style  that  characterize 
this  ancient  version.  Others  think  the  word  means 
"  literal,"  as  indicating  exactness  and  correctness. 
Still  others  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  conveys  the 
idea  of  the  word  "common"  in  the  sense  of  compre- 
hensive, just  as  we  speak  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer.  Any  of  these  meanings  is  a  tribute  to  the 
value  of  the  Peshito.  "  Its  language,"  writes  Micha- 
elis,  "  is  elegant  and  pure.  It  is  not  loaded  with 
foreign  idioms,  and  it  discovers  the  hand  of  a  master 
in  rendering  those  passages  where  the  idioms  of  the 
two  languages  deviate  from  each  other.  It  has  no 
marks  of  the  stiffness  of  a  translation,  but  is  writleu 
with  the  ease  and  fluency  of  an  original."     Wolfgang 


126 


Early  Bibles. 


Francius  says :  ^  "  Among  all  the  versions  of  the  New 
Testament,  that  which  holds  the  first  rank,  and  is  the 
most  exact,  felicitous  and  divine,  is  certainly  the 
Syriac,  which  undoubtedly  was  most  faithfully  handed 
down  by  apostolical  men,  who  remembered  well  the 
recently  uttered  words  of  Christ  and  his  apostles,  and 
understood  their  meaning,  for  Christ  himself  used 
this  language."  To  this  testimony  may  be  added 
the  words  of  Dr.  Murdock,  who  says:-  "The  great 
value  of  this  translation  depends  on  its  high  antiquity, 
on  the  competence  and  fidelity  of  the  translators, 
and  on  the  affinity  of  its  language  to  that  spoken  by 
our  Lord  and  his  Apostles.  In  all  these  respects 
it  stands  preeminent  among  the  numerous  versions 
of  the  New  Testament." 

While  there  is  no  doubt  concerning  the  antiquity 
of  this  version,  there  is  a  wide  range  of  opinion  as  to 
its  exact  date.  Home,  in  his  "  Introduction,"  says: 
"  Bishop  Walton,  Carpzov,  Leusden,  Bishop  Lowth, 
and  Dr.  Kennicott  fix  its  date  to  the  first  century ; 
Bauer  and  some  other  German  writers,  to  the  second 
or  third  century ;  Jahn  fixes  it,  at  the  least,  to  the 
second  century ;  De  Rossi  pronounces  it  to  be  very 
ancient,  but  does  not  specify  any  p    ;cise  date.     The 


f 


1  "  Treatise  on  Hermeneutics,"  p.  38. 

3  Murdock's  "  Translation  of  the  Syriac  New  Testament,"  Appen- 
dix II.,  p.  497. 


The  Translation  from  the  Syriac.         127 


most  probable  opinion  is  that  of  Michaelis,  who  as- 
cribes the  Syriac  version  of  both  Testaments  to  the 
close  of  the  first,  or  to  the  earlier  part  of  the  second 
century,  at  which  time  the  Syrian  churches  flourished 
most,  and  the  Christians  at  Edessa  had  a  temple  for 
divine  worship  erected  after  the  model  of  that  at 
Jerusalem,  and  it  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  they 
would  be  without  a  version  of  the  Old  Testament, 
the  reading  of  which  had  been  introduced  by  the 
Apostles."^ 

While  the  date  has  not  been  fixed,  it  can  be  said 
that  the  Peshito  was  an  old  version  even  in  the  time 
of  Ephraim  the  Syrian,  who  died  in  373.  Of  the 
authorship  of  the  version  nothing  is  known,  though 
it  is  evident  that  it  came  from  many  hands.  From 
certain  resemblances  to  the  Septuagint,  it  is  thought 
that  Jewish  converts  had  much  to  do  with  this  ver- 
sion. Of  the  place  where  it  was  written  nothing  can 
be  said  definitely,  though  it  has  been  conjectured 
that  it  may  have  been  written  at  Antioch  or  Edessa. 
The  versions  known  as  the  Philoxenian  and  Hiero- 
solymitian  are  of  later  date  and  of  little  value  com- 
pared with  the  Peshito  New  Testament.  The  latter 
holds  a  high  place  among  scholars,  as  it  helps  to 
clear  up  some  passages  of  the  Greek  Testament. 

The  first  edition  of  the  Peshito  New  Testament 


1  Home's  "  Introduction,"  vol.  i.,  p.  270. 


laS 


Early  Bibles, 


was  printed  in  Vienna  in  1555,  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  and  was  designed  for  the 
use  of  the  Jacobite  Christians  of  the  East.  In  later 
years  other  editions  were  printed  in  Germany,  Bel- 
gium, Italy,  France,  and  England.  In  some  cases 
the  Testaments  were  printed  in  Syriac  and  Latin,  or 
in  Syriac  and  Hebrew.  In  18 16  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  published  an  edition  in  the 
Syriac  alone,  which  was  intended  for  missionary  use 
in  India. 

The  first  translation  in  Great  Britain  of  the  Peshito 
New  Testament  into  English  was  made  in  1846,  by 
J.  W.  Etheridge,  LL.D.,  who  published  the  first 
Four  Gospels,  and  later  the  remainder  of  the  New 
Testament.  The  first  translation  of  the  Peshito  New 
Testament  in  the  United  States  came  from  the  pen 
of  the  Rev.  James  Murdock,  D.D.,  in  185 1.  The 
title-page  of  the  book  is  as  follows : 

"  The  New  Testament ;  or.  The  Book  of  the  Holy 
Gospel  of  our  Lord  and  our  God,  Jesus  the  Messiah, 
A  Literal  Translation  from  the  Syriac  Peshito  Ver- 
sion. By  James  Murdock,  D.D.  New  York:  Pub- 
lished by  Stanford  and  Swords,  No.  137  Broadway. 
1851." 

Dr.  Murdock  says  in  the  preface :  "  In  this  trans- 
lation the  Books  of  the  New  Testament  are  divided 
into  Paragraphs,  according  to  the  sense;  just  as  in 


/ 


The  Translation  from  the  Syriac, 


129 


Campbell's  translation  of  the  Four  Gospels,  and  in 
the  Greek  Testaments  of  Bengel,  Griesbach,  Knapp, 
and  others.  The  common  divisions  into  Chapters 
and  Verses  are  noted  in  the  margin,  and  the  Verses 
are  also  put  in  parentheses  in  the  middle  of  the  lines. 
For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  some  knowledge 
of  the  Syriac  language,  the  more  important  words 
are  frequently  placed  in  the  side  margin,  with  refer- 
ences to  the  corresponding  words  in  the  translation. 
Deviations  of  the  Syriac  text  from  the  Greek,  and 
also  the  susceptibilities  of  the  Syriac  words,  or 
phrases,  of  a  different  rendering  from  that  in  the 
text,  are  likewise  indicated  in  the  side  margin.  The 
foot  margin  is  reserved  for  occasional  comments  and 
critical  observations." 

The  book  is  an  octavo,  and  the  text  covers  471 
pages.  The  author  tells  us  he  "  commenced  his 
translation  early  in  August,  1845,  ^"^  completed  it 
on  the  1 6th  of  June,  1846." 

A  portion  of  the  first  chapter  of  the  Gospel  accord- 
ing to  St.  John  is  quoted,  as  giving  some  idea  of  this 
version  from  the  Syriac.  The  words  in  brackets  are 
supplied : 


St.  John  i. 

I.  In  the  beginning,  was  the  Word;  and  the  Word  was  with  Cod; 
and  the  Word  w^as  God. 

3.  He  was  in  the  beginning  with  God. 


130 


Early  Bibles. 


3.  Kvery  thing  was  hy  his  hand ;  and  without  him,  was  not  any 
thing  whatever  that  existed. 

4.  In  him  was  life ;  and  the  life  was  the  light  of  man. 

5.  And  this  light  shincth  in  the  darkness ;  and  the  darkness  appre* 
hended  it  not. 

6.  There  was  a  man  sent  from  Go<l,  whose  name  was  John. 

7.  He  came  for  testimony,  to  l>ear  witness  concerning  the  light. 

8.  He  was  not  himself  the  light,  but  (came)  to  bear  witness  con- 
cerning the  light. 

9.  The  true  light  was  that,  which  enlightencth  every  man  who 
cometh  into  the  world. 

10.  lie  was  in  the  world ;  and  the  world  was  by  his  hand ;  and  t'^.e 
world  did  not  know  him. 

11.  He  came  to  his  own  [people] ;  and  his  own  [people]  received 
him  not. 

12.  Itut  such  as  received  him,  to  them  gave  he  the  prerogative  to 
be  children  of  God ;  [even]  to  them  that  believe  on  his  name ; 

13.  Who  are  born,  not  of  blood  nor  of  the  pleasure  of  the  flesh, 
nor  of  the  pleasure  of  man,  but  of  God. 

14.  And  the  Word  became  flesh,  and  tabernacled  with  us :  and  we 
saw  his  glory,  a  glory  as  of  the  only  begotten  from  the  Father,  that 
he  was  full  of  grace  and  truth. 

15.  John  testified  of  him,  and  cried,  and  said:  This  is  he,  of  whom 
I  said.  That  he  cometh  after  me,  and  is  before  me ;  for  he  was  prior 
to  me. 

16.  And  of  his  plenitude  have  we  all  received,  and  grace  for  grace. 

1 7.  For  the  law  was  given  by  the  hand  of  Moses ;  but  the  reality 
and  grace  was  by  the  hand  of  Jesus  Messiah. 

18.  No  man  hath  ever  seen  God ;  the  only  begotten  God,  he  who 
is  in  the  bosom  of  his  Father,  he  hath  declared  [him]. 


The  early  Syriac  manuscripts  were  not  divided 
into  chapters  and  verses,  but  into  lessons  of  about 
the  same  length,  that  were  appointed  to  be  read  in 
public  worship.     In  printed  copies  the  chapters  and 


The  Translation  from  the  Syriac,         131 

verses  are  indicated  in  the  margins.  One  lesson  was 
taken  from  the  Epistles,  and  the  other  from  the  Gos- 
pels, so  that  the  congregation  heard  the  greater  part 
of  the  New  Testament  in  the  course  of  twelve  months. 

Lessons  were  assigned  for  each  Sunday  and  each 
festival  from  Advent  onward,  thus  showing  from  an 
early  date  an  orderly  and  systematic  keeping  of 
the  ecclesiastical  year.  Dr.  Murdock  says:'  "The 
Peshito  Canon  embraces  all  the  books  which  were 
universally  admitted  to  be  genuine  in  the  early  ages 
of  the  Church ;  and  it  excludes  all  b.ut  one  of  the 
books  concerning  which  there  was  for  a  time  doubt 
and  uncertainty.  It  is  almost  precisely  the  same 
with  the  Canon  derived  from  the  writings  of  Ire- 
njEus,  TertuUian,  and  others  in  the  first  ages  of  the 
Church.  And  this  may  be  considered  as  evidence 
of  the  high  antiquity  of  the  version.  It  was  made 
before  the  New  Testament  Canon  was  fully  settled." 

Dr.  Murdock  was  born  in  Westbrook,  Conn.,  Feb- 
ruary 16,  1776.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1797.  In  1815  he  was  made  Professor  of  Ancient 
Languages  in  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  four 
years  later  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Sacred  Rhetoric 
and  Ecclesiastical  History  in  Andover  Theological 
Seminary.     In  1829  he  made  New  Haven  his  home, 

1  Murdock's  "  Translation  of  the  Syriac  New  Testament,"  Appen- 
dix II.,  p.  490. 


132 


Early  Bibles. 


and  engaged  in  literary  work.  He  died  at  Columbus, 
Miss.,  in  1856.  He  translated  a  number  of  works 
from  the  German,  and  was  well  known  as  a  linguistic 
scholar.  His  translation  of  the  Peshito  New  Tes- 
tament is  considered  a  faithful  rendering  from  the 
Syriac.  A  second  edition  appeared  in  1855,  and  the 
third  was  published  by  Robert  Carter  &  Brothers  of 
New  York  in  1858. 


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AIA0HKH. 


NOVUM 


TESTAMENTUM. 

JUXTA  EXEMPLAR  JOANNIS  MILLIl  AC- 
CURATISSIME   IMPRESSUM. 


ix.Mimui' 


EDITIO  PRIMA  AMERICANA. 


•4«<><4a»>.i.>l^jg|^|MH44>^..»«.. 


Wir.ORNIjE,     MAi«AeHiii«TT»NJi  '. 

I  ExcudebatlSAIASTHOMAS,  JUW. 

1        StNCUfcAriM  £x  ^^/M6BOJs  eo  vciioiT*  grpjciN/e  %VAt 

L-   1^ — ''    '  ■ — — ' — ' ■        

Fiu-sitiiilc  ol  -lif  littc  I)n^'l•  of  tlif  Cirsl  Orock  TcstiiiiKMit  jiv  ntcil  in  Anifiica. 

ICxiu  I  size. 


EARLY  EDITIONS  OF  THE  GREEK  TESTAMENT. 


The  first  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  Greek 
published  in  the  United  States  came  from  the  press 
of  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.,  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  the 
year  1800.  It  is  in  size  a  i2mo  and  bound  in  calf. 
It  contains  on  the  second  page  a  chronological  list  of 
the  books  of  the  New  Testament,  and  at  the  end  this 
note :  "  The  above  Table  has  been  carefully  and 
faithfully  collected  from  the  writings  of  the  famous 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Lardner,  D.D."  This  note  is  fol- 
lowed by  the  name  of  "  Caleb  Alexander  "  as  editor. 
Although  the  title-page  states  that  the  book  follows 
the  reading  of  Mill,  it  is  apparent  that  the  editor 
draws  freely  from  other  editions,  and  especially  the 
Elzevir  text  of  1678.  It  is  worthy  of  a  passing  no- 
tice that  in  the  year  1800  Thomas  published  the 
first  Greek  grammar  in  this  country.  It  is  a  duo- 
decimo of  224  pages.  The  title-page  states  that  the 
book  was  "  originally  composed  for  the  College- 
School  at  Gloucester."  Another  !ine  reads  "  Rec- 
ommended by  the  University  at  Cambridge,  Mass., 

Ij3 


134 


Early  Bibles. 


to  be  used  by  those  who  are  intended  for  that 
Seminary." 

An  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  Greek  and 
Latin  arranged  in  parallel  columns  appeared  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  1806.  It  was  edited  by  John  Watts, 
and  printed  by  S.  F.  Bradford,  and  was  a  reprint  of 
the  edition  of  John  Lcusden  which  was  published 
at  Utrecht  in  1675.  It  is  a  i2mo  of  561  pages, 
and  was  the  first  Leusdcn  issued  in  this  country. 
Another  edition  by  the  same  printer  was  published 
under  like  date  wholly  in  Greek,  and  containing  286 
pages. 

Two  volumes  of  the  Greek  Tcr.tament  in  octavo, 
covering  in  all  890  pages,  were  published  in  1809,  at 
Cambridge,  dedicated  to  the  President  and  P'ellows 
of  Harvard  College.  The  names  of  W.  Wells  and 
".  .  Hilliard  appear,  though  the  former  was  likely 
both  editor  and  publisher.  This  edition  of  the  Greek 
Testament  is  a  reprint  of  Griesbach's  Manual,  pub- 
llsheil  at  Leipzig  in  1805,  This  was  the  first  of  this 
text  appearing  in  America.  Dr.  Hall  says:^  "At 
the  time  of  its  publication,  this  book  is  said  to  have 
been  hailed  by  one  party  with  joy — '  with  an  lo 
triumphe,'  as  one  of  the  old-school  biblical  .scholars 
informs  me — as  a  denominational  weapon,  and  the 
annihilator  of  their  opponents ;  while  by  the  latter  it 

1  "Americiin  flreek  Test.inients,"  p.  28. 


:    :, 


Early  Editions  of  the  Greek  Tcstavicut.     135 


M 


J 

r: 


\ ' 


was  looked  upon  with  timidity,  not  only  as  the  de- 
stroyer of  prooT-texts  and  the  discloser  of  the  sandy 
foundation  of  innumerable  sermons,  but  as  a  would- 
be  unsettler  of  the  New  Testament  itself.  But  the 
telegraph  did  not  exist  in  those  days,  and  those  hopes 
and  fears  and  antagonisms  remained  local  and  tem- 
porary. It  was  impossible  to  make  a  critical  edition 
of  the  New  Testament  a  badge  of  orthodoxy  or 
heresy  on  either  side  ;  and  the  book  came  .speedily 
into  use  and  jireference  among  the  more  enlightened 
clergymen  of  that  generation  in  all  denominations. 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  appears  to  have  taken 
the  lead  in  this  favorable  movement,  among  repre- 
sentatives of  tiie  timid  side.  At  all  events,  a  '  Har- 
mony of  the  Gospels '  with  this  text  was  soon  pre- 
pared for  tii.it  institution.  From  that  dav  onward, 
America  has  not  ceased  to  possess  critical  texts  of 
native  print,  although  she  caimot  say,  like  Germany, 
that  her  scholars  have  issued  no  I'^lzevir  text  since 
1 775-  The  publication  of  this  Griesbach  in  America 
was  no  common  e\'ent." 

Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.,  issued  another  edition  of  the 
Greek  Testament  in  18 14,  but  the  place  of  printing 
was  Boston,  not  Worcester. 

The  title-page  differed  from  that  of  1800  in  the 
central  ornament,  which  consists  of  two  reclining 
figures  supporting  an  open  Bible,  with  a  Greek  motto 


136 


Early  Bibles. 


from  I  Cor.  xv.  22.  The  text  is  the  same  as  in  the 
first  edition. 

George  Long,  71  Pearl  Street,  New  York,  pub- 
lished in  1821  a  small  i2mo  New  Testament  in 
Greek  and  Latin  which  followed  the  rendering  of 
Leusden,  covering  699  pages.  It  contains  a  number 
of  misprints  evidently  copied  from  the  foreign  edition 
of  1804.  It  has  a  Latin  preface  of  a  little  over  three 
pages.  ■ 

Rev.  Abner  Kneeland,  a  Universalist  minister,  ed- 
ited the  New  Testament  in  Greek  and  English  in 
1822,  William  Fry  of  Philadelphia  being  the  printer. 
In  the  same  year  the  Testament  solely  in  Greek  was 
issued  by  the  same  editor.  Some  editions  of  the 
latter  bear  the  date  of  1823.  Kneeland  went  through 
varied  experiences  in  his  religious  opinions.  Begin- 
ning as  a  Baptist  minister,  he  then  became  a  Univer- 
salist,  and  ended  as  a  Deist.  While  editor  of  the 
Investigator  he  was  tried  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Massachusetts  for  blasphemy.  . 

In  1822  Oliver  D.  Cooke  &  Sons  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  published  a  i2mo  Greek  Testament  which 
was  f.dited  by  Dr.  P.  Wilson  of  Columbia  College, 
other  issues  appearing  in  1825,  1827,  and  1829. 
After  this  date  various  editions  were  published  in 
Philadelphia  for  a  number  of  years.     Dr.  Hall  says:i 


1  "American  tlreek  Testaments,"  p.  36. 


Early  Editions  of  the  Greek  Testament.     137 


"  Wilson's  New  Testament  has  had  an  enormous  cir- 
culation, and  is  still  in  use  by  very  many.  Probably 
no  edition  was  more  commonly  used  by  the  mass  of 
clergymen  and  students  from  1823  to  1840." 

In  1837  an  important  and  since  widely  known 
edition  of  the  Greek  Testament  in  two  volumes  was 
issued  in  the  United  States,  with  the  imprint  of  the 
following  publishers :  Boston,  Perkins  &  Marvin ; 
Philadelphia,  Henry  Perkins.  This  Testament  was 
edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  Bloomfield,  and  is  a  reprint  of 
the  second  London  edition.  The  scope  and  schol- 
arship of  the  work  are  indicated  by  the  title-page, 
where  it  is  stated  that  tlu-  book  contains  "  English 
notes,  critical,  philological,  and  exegetical,  partly 
selected  and  arranged  from  the  best  commenta- 
tors, ancient  and  modern,  but  chiefly  original.  The 
whole  being  specially  adapted  to  the  use  of  academi- 
cal students,  candidates  for  the  sacred  officC;  and 
Ministers,  though  also  intended  as  a  manual  edition 
for  the  use  of  theological  readers  in  general."  In 
the  preface  Dr.  Bloomfield  says :  "  The  text  has  been 
formed  after  long  and  repeated  examinations  of  the 
whole  of  the  New  Testament  for  that  purpose  solely, 
on  the  basis  of  the  last  edition  of  R.  Stephens, 
adopted  by  Mill,  whose  text  differs  very  slightly 
from,  but  is  admitted  to  be  preferable  to,  the  common 
text,  which  originated  in  the  Elzevir  edition  of  1624. 


138 


Early  Bibles. 


From  this  there  has  been  no  deviation,  except  on 
the  most  preponderating  evidence,  critical  conjecture 
being  wholly  excluded,  and  stich  alterations  only  in- 
troduced as  rest  on  the  united  authority  of  MSS., 
ancient  versions  and  Fathers,  and  the  early  printed 
editions,  but  especially  upon  the  invaluable  Editio 
Princeps;  and  which  had  been  already  adopted  in 
one  or  more  of  the  critical  editions  of  Bengel,  Wet- 
stein,  Griesbach,  Matthcei,  and  Scholz."  The  Amer- 
ican edition  of  Dr.  Bloomfield's  work  also  contains  a 
preface  by  Professor  Stuart  of  Andover  Theological 
Seminary,  dated  October  i,  1836.  The  two  volumes 
include  1261  pages  of  printed  matter. 

This  book  went  through  many  editions,  some 
claiming  as  high  as  fourteen,  but  was  finally  super- 
seded by  other  and  better  texts,  especially  those  of 
Alford,  and  the  Epistles  edited  by  Ellicott. 

The  English  notes  of  Bloomfield's  work  are 
thoughtful  and  strong,  and  clearly  teach  that  the 
Apostolic  Church  was  governed  by  bishops,  priests, 
and  deacons. 

In  1838  an  American  reprint  of  the  Polymicrian 
Greek  Testament  was  issued  in  Philadelphia  by  Henry 
Perkins,  Joseph  P.  Engles,  A.M.,  being  the  editor. 
The  honored  and  saintly  Dr.  W.  A.  Muhlenberg  has 
said  that  he  owed  to  Engles,  the  editor  of  this  work. 


Early  Editions  of  the  Greek   Tcstamcut.     139 


more  of  his  success  in  life  than  to  any  other  man. 
The  Polymicrian  Greek  Testament  was  first  published 
in  England  in  1829,  with  a  lexicon  prepared  by 
William  Greenfield.  This  lexicon  was  published  in 
America  in  the  year  1839,  revised  by  Engles,  and 
after  that  date  was  usually  bound  with  the  Ameri- 
can reprint  of  the  Polymicrian.  Its  editor,  William 
Greenfield,  began  his  business  life  in  a  bindery,  and 
early  displayed  a  marvelous  aptitude  for  the  acqui- 
sition of  languages.  His  attainments  were  so  great 
that  he  was  employed  by  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  in  editing  the  books  they  published  in 
many  tongues.  Mr.  Greenfield  also  edited  Bagster's 
Comprehensive  Bible,  which  was  printed  in  England 
in  1827,  and  reprinted  in  Philadelphia  in  1854,  his 
brilliant  career  being  cut  short  by  death  at  the  age 
of  thirty-two. 

In  1842  Dr.  Edward  Robinson  edited  a  Greek 
Testament  in  which  he  follows  the  text  and  anno- 
tations of  Professor  Hahn's  Leipzig  edition  of  1840. 
The  marginal  notes  are  retained,  with  the  parallel 
references  of  Scripture,  and  the  readings  of  different 
editors.  It  had  a  wide  circulation,  but  has  been 
superseded  by  recent  and  more  critical  works.  The 
book  is  a  i2mo  of  508  pages,  issued  by  Leavitt  & 
Trow,  New  York,  other  editions  appearing  in  1845. 


I40 


Earlv  Bibles. 


Leavitt  &  Allen,  New  York,  printed  editions  in  1854, 
1855,  and  1857,  and  Applcton  s  imprint  appears  on 
the  book  in  seven  editions  from  1866  to  1880. 

In  1847  editions  of  a  book  bearing  the  title  of 
"  Collectanea  Evangelica "  appeared  in  Baltimore, 
Philadelphia,  New  York,  and  Cincinnati,  in  a  i6mo 
of  210  pages.  It  consisted  of  selections  from  the 
Gospels  so  grouped  together  as  to  form  a  history 
of  Christ.  Two  of  the  editions  contained  a  recom- 
mendation by  Edgar  A.  Poe,  who  was  at  the  time 
editor  in  New  York  City  of  the  Broadivay  Journal. 
The  book  was  intended  for  colleges  and  schools. 

In  later  years  many  editions  of  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment have  been  issued  by  leading  publishers  in  the 
United  States,  but  it  does  not  fall  within  the  prov- 
ince of  this  book  to  speak  of  these  recent  volumes. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  fifty-two  editions  of  the  whole 
New  Testament  in  Greek  were  printed  during  the 
first  half  of  this  century,  some  in  Greek  alone,  some 
in  both  Greek  and  English,  or  Greek  and  Latin,  be- 
sides several  editions  of  parts  of  the  New  Testament. 
The  first  copy  of  the  New  Testament  in  modern 
Greek  printed  in  America  was  published  by  the 
American  Bible  Society  in  1833. 


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Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  Bible  amended  by  Dr.  Webster. 
Reduced  size. 


THE  WEBSTER  AMENDED  BIBLE. 


In  1833  Durrie  &  Peck  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  is- 
sued a  Bible  "  With  Amendments  of  the  Language," 
by  Noah  Webster,  LL.D.  The  volume  is  an  octavo 
of  907  pages.  The  high  position  in  the  literary 
world  held  by  Dr.  Webster  naturally  drew  attention 
to  and  interest  in  his  version,  but  unfortunately  for 
his  reputation,  this  attention  and  interest  were  short 
lived.  The  reasons  that  led  him  to  make  these 
"Amendments  "  are  given  in  his  own  words  in  the 
preface,  which  reads : 

The  English  version  of  the  sacred  Scriptures,  now  in  general  use, 
was  first  published  in  the  year  161 1,  in  the  reign  of  James  I.  Although 
the  translators  made  many  alterations  in  the  language  of  former  ver- 
sions,  yet  no  small  part  of  the  language  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  ver- 
sions made  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

In  the  present  version,  the  language  is,  in  general,  correct  and  per- 
spicuous; the  genuine  popular  English  of  Saxon  origin;  peculiarly 
adapted  to  the  subjects,  and  in  many  passages,  uniting  simplicity  with 
beautiful  simplicity.  In  my  view,  the  general  style  of  the  version 
ought  not  to  be  altered. 

But  in  the  lapse  of  two  or  three  centuries,  changes  have  taken 
place,  which,  in  particular  passages,  impair  the  beauty,  in  others,  ob- 
scure the  sense,  of  the  original  languages.     Some  words  have  fallen 

141 


142 


Early  Bibles. 


into  disuse ;  and  the  signification  of  others  in  current  popular  use,  3 
not  the  same  now  as  it  was  when  they  were  introduced  into  the  version. 
The  effect  of  these  changes  is,  that  some  words  are  not  understood  by 
common  readers,  who  have  no  access  to  commentaries,  and  who  will 
always  compose  a  great  proportion  of  readers;  while  other  words, 
being  now  used  in  a  sense  different  from  that  which  they  had  when 
the  translation  was  made,  present  a  wrong  signification,  or  false  ideas. 
Whenever  words  are  understood  in  a  sense  different  from  that  which 
they  had  when  introduced,  and  different  from  that  of  the  original  lan- 
guages, they  do  not  present  to  the  reader  the  Word  of  Ood.  This 
circumstance  is  very  important,  even  in  things  not  the  most  essential ; 
and  in  essential  points,  mistakes  may  be  very  injurious. 

In  my  own  view  of  this  subject,  a  version  of  the  Scriptures  for 
popular  use  should  consist  of  words  expressing  the  sense  which  is 
most  common,  in  popular  usage,  so  that  the  first  ideas  suggested  to 
the  reader  should  be  the  true  meaning  of  such  words,  according  to  the 
original  languages.  That  many  words  in  the  present  version  fail  to 
do  this,  is  certain.     My  principal  aim  is  to  remedy  this  evil. 

The  inaccuracies  in  grammar,  such  as  which  for  wJw,  his  for  its, 
shall  for  will,  should  for  would,  and  others,  are  very  numerous  in  the 
present  version. 

There  are,  also,  some  quaint  and  vulgar  phrases  which  are  pot 
relished  by  those  who  love  a  pure  style,  and  which  are  not  in  accor- 
dance with  the  general  tenor  of  the  language.  To  these  may  be  added 
many  words  and  phrases  very  offensive  to  delicacy,  and  even  to  de- 
cency. In  the  opinion  of  all  persons  with  whom  I  have  conversed  on 
this  subject  such  words  and  phrases  should  not  be  retained  in  the  ver- 
sion. Language  that  cannot  be  uttered  in  company  without  a  viola- 
tion of  decorum,  or  the  rules  of  good  breeding,  exposes  the  Scriptures 
to  the  scoffs  of  unbelievers,  impairs  their  authority,  and  multiplies  or 
confirms  the  enemies  of  our  holy  religion. 

These  considerations,  with  the  approbation  of  respectable  men,  the 
friends  of  religion  and  good  judges  of  this  subject,  have  induced  me 
to  undertake  the  task  of  revising  the  language  of  the  common  version 
of  the  Scriptures,  and  of  presenting  to  the  public  an  edition,  with  such 
amendments  as  will  better  express  the  true  sense  of  the  original  lan- 
guages, and  remove  objections  to  particular  parts  of  the  phraseology. 


The  Webster  Amended  Bible. 


143 


/ 


In  performing  this  task,  I  have  been  careful  to  avoid  unnecessary 
innovations,  and  to  retain  the  general  character  of  the  style.  The 
principal  alterations  are  comprised  in  three  classes  :— 

1.  The  substitution  of  words  and  phrases  now  in  good  use,  for  such 
as  are  wholly  obsolete,  or  deemed  below  the  dignity  and  solemnity  of 
the  subject. 

2.  The  correction  of  errors  in  grammar. 

3.  The  insertion  of  euphemisms,  words  and  phrases  which  are  not 
very  offensive  to  delicacy,  in  the  place  of  such  as  cannot,  with  pro- 
priety, be  uttered  before  a  promiscuous  audience. 

A  few  errors  in  the  translation,  which  are  admitted  on  all  hands  to 
be  obvious,  have  been  corrected,  and  some  obscure  passages  illus- 
trated. In  making  these  amendments,  I  have  consulted  the  original 
languages,  and  also  several  translations  and  commentaries.  In  the 
body  of  the  work,  my  aim  has  been  to  preserve,  but  in  certain  passages, 
more  clearly  to  express,  the  sense  of  the  present  version. 

The  language  of  the  Bible  has  no  inconsiderable  influence  in  form- 
ing and  preserving  our  national  language.  On  this  account,  the  lan- 
guage of  the  common  version  ought  to  be  correct  in  grammatical 
construction,  and  in  the  use  of  appropriate  words.  This  is  the  more 
important,  as  men  who  are  .ccustomed  to  read  the  Bible  with  vener- 
ation, are  apt  to  contract  a  predilection  for  its  phraseology,  and  thus 
to  become  attached  to  phrases  which  are  quaint  or  obsolete.  This 
may  be  a  real  misfortune ;  for  the  use  of  words  and  phrases,  when  they 
have  ceased  to  be  a  part  of  the  living  language,  and  appear  odd  and 
singular,  impairs  the  purity  of  the  language,  and  is  apt  to  create  a 
disrelish  for  it  in  those  who  have  not,  by  long  practice,  contracted  a 
like  predilection.  It  may  require  some  effort  to  subdue  this  predilec- 
tion, but  it  may  be  done,  and  for  the  sake  of  the  rising  generation  it 
is  desirable.  The  language  of  the  Scriptures  ought  to  be  pure,  chaste, 
simple  and  perspicuous,  free  from  any  words  or  phrases  which  may 
excite  observation  by  their  singularity,  and  neither  debased  by  vulgar- 
isms, nor  tricked  out  with  the  ornaments  of  affected  elegance. 

As  there  are  diversities  of  taste  among  men,  it  is  not  to  be  expected 
that  the  alterations  I  have  made  in  the  language  of  the  version  will 
please  all  classes  of  readers.  Some  persons  will  think  I  have  done 
too  little,  others  too  much.     And  probably  the  result  would  be  the 


144 


Early  Bibles. 


same,  were  a  revision  to  be  executed  by  any  other  hand,  or  even  by 
the  joint  labors  of  many  hands.  All  I  can  say  is,  that  I  have  exe- 
cuted this  work  in  the  manner  which,  in  my  judgment,  appeared  to  be 
the  best. 

To  avoid  giving  offense  to  any  denomination  of  Christians,  I  have 
not  knowingly  made  any  alteration  in  the  passages  of  the  present  ver- 
sion on  which  the  different  denominations  rely  for  the  support  of  their 
peculiar  tenets. 

In  this  country  there  is  no  legislative  power  which  claims  to  have 
the  right  to  prescribe  what  version  of  the  Scriptures  shall  be  used  in 
the  churches  or  by  the  people.  And  as  all  human  opinions  are  falli- 
ble, it  is  doubtless  for  the  interest  of  religion  that  no  authority  should 
be  exerted  in  this  case,  except  by  commendation. 

At  the  same  time,  it  is  very  important  that  all  denominations  of 
Christians  should  use  the  same  version,  that  in  all  public  discourses, 
treatises,  and  controversies,  the  passages  cited  as  authorities  should  be 
uniform.  Alterations  in  the  popular  version  should  not  be  frequent ; 
but  the  changes  incident  to  all  living  languages  render  it  not  merely 
expedient,  but  necessary,  at  times,  to  introduce  such  alterations  as 
will  express  the  true  sense  of  the  original  languages  in  the  current 
language  of  the  age.  A  version  thus  amended  may  require  no  altera- 
tion for  two  or  three  centuries  to  come. 

In  this  undertaking,  I  subject  myself  to  the  charge  of  arrogance ; 
but  I  am  not  conscious  of  being  actuated  by  any  improper  motive.  I 
am  aware  of  the  sensitiveness  of  the  religious  public  on  this  subject, 
and  of  the  difficulties  which  attend  the  performance.  But  all  men 
whom  I  have  consulted  if  they  have  thought  much  on  the  subject, 
seem  to  be  agreed  in  the  opinion,  that  it  is  high  time  to  have  a  revi- 
sion of  the  common  version  of  the  Scriptures,  although  no  person 
appears  to  know  how,  or  by  whom,  such  revision  is  to  be  executed. 
In  my  own  view,  such  revision  is  not  merely  a  matter  of  expedience, 
but  of  moral  duty ;  and  as  I  have  been  encouraged  to  undertake  this 
work  by  respectable  literary  and  religious  characteis,  I  have  ventured 
to  attempt  a  revision,  on  my  own  responsibility.  If  the  work  should 
fail  to  be  well  received,  the  loss  will  be  my  own,  and  I  hope  no  injury 
will  be  done.     I  have  been  painfully  solicitous  that  no  error  should 


The  Webster  Amended  Bible. 


145 


escape  me.     The  reasons  for  the  principal  alterations  introduced  will 
be  found  in  the  explanatory  notes. 

The  Bible  is  the  chief  moral  cause  of  all  that  is  good  and  the  best 
correcter  of  all  that  is  evil  in  human  society ;  the  best  book  for  regu- 
lating the  temporal  concerns  of  men,  and  the  only  book  that  can  serve 
as  an  infallible  guide  to  future  felicity.  With  this  estimate  of  its 
value,  I  have  attempted  to  render  the  English  version  more  useful, 
by  correcting  a  few  obvious  errors,  and  removing  some  obscurities, 
with  objectionable  words  and  phrases ;  and  my  earnest  prayer  is,  that 
my  labors  may  not  be  wholly  unsuccessful. 

N.  W. 
New  Haven,  September,  1833. 

After  this  elaborate  preface  much  was  to  be  ex- 
pected of  the  new  version.  The  extent  and  character 
of  the  "  Amendments "  may  be  judged  somewhat 
from  the  verses  that  follow : 


Old  Text. 

Gen.  xxiv.  63.  And  Isaac  went 
out  to  meditate  in  the  field  at  the 
eventide. 

Exodus  vii.  7.  And  Moses  was 
fourscore  years  old^  and  Aaron 
fourscore  and  three  years  old, 
when  they  spake  unto  Pharaoh. 

I  Sam.  ix.  14.  And  they  went 
up  into  the  city :  and  when  they 
were  come  into  the  city,  behold, 
Samuel  came  out  against  them,  for 
to  go  up  to  the  high  place. 

Job  i.  i.  There  was  a  man  in 
the  land  of  Uz,  whose  name  was 
Job ;  and  that  man  was  perfect  and 
upright,  and  one  that  feared  God, 
and  eschewed  evil. 


Amended  Text. 

Gen.  xxiv.  63.  And  Isaac  went 
out  to  meditate  in  the  field  at  even- 
ing. 

Exodus  vii.  7.  And  Moses  was 
eighty  years  old,  and  Aaron  eighty 
and  three  years  old,  when  they 
spoke  to  Pharaoh. 

I  Sam.  ix.  14.  And  they  went 
up  into  the  city :  and  when  they 
had  come  into  the  city,  behold, 
Samuel  came  out  meeting  them,  to 
go  up  to  the  high  place. 

Job  i.  i.  There  was  a  man  in 
the  land  of  Uz,  whose  name  was 
Job ;  and  that  man  was  perfect  and 
upright,  and  one  that  feared  God, 
and  shunned  evil. 


146 


Early  Bibles. 


Old  Ttxt. 

PsAi,M  ?  xviii.  26.  With  the  pure 
thou  wilt  show  thyself  pure ;  and 
with  the  fro\7ard  thou  wilt  show 
thyself  froward. 

Proverbs  xxvii.  25.  The  hay 
appeareth,  and  the  tender  grass 
showeth  itself,  and  herbs  of  the 
mountains  are  gathered. 

Daniel  iii.  22.  Therefore  be- 
cause  the  king's  commandment 
was  urgent,  and  the  furnace  ex- 
ceeding hot,  the  flame  of  the  fire 
slew  those  men  that  took  up  Sha- 
drach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego. 

Matt.  iii.  4.  And  the  same  John 
had  his  raiment  of  camel's  hair, 
and  a  leathern  girdle  about  his 
loins ;  and  his  meat  was  locusts 
and  wild  honey. 

V.  41.  And  whosoever  shall  com- 
pel thee  to  go  a  mile,  go  with  him 
twain. 

Luke  ii.  44.  But  they,  suppos- 
ing him  to  have  been  in  the  com- 
pany, went  a  jday's  journey ;  and 
they  sought  him  among  their  kins- 
folk and  acquaintance. 

XV.  27.  And  he  said  unto  him, 
Thy  brother  is  come;  and  thy 
father  hath  killed  the  fatted  calf, 
because  he  hath  received  him  safe 
and  sound. 

xvii.  9.  Doth  he  thank  that  ser- 
vant because  he  did  the  things  that 
were  commanded  him?  I  trow 
not. 


Amended  Text. 

Psalms  xviii.  26.  With  the  pure 
thou  wilt  show  thyself  pure ;  and 
with  the  froward  thou  wilt  con- 
tend. 

Proverbs  xxvii.  25.  The  plant 
appeareth,  and  the  tender  grass 
showeth  itself,  and  herbs  of  the 
mountains  are  gathered. 

Daniel  iii.  22.  Therefore  be- 
cause the  king's  commandment 
was  urgent,  and  the  furnace  ex- 
ceeding hot,  the  flame  of  the  fire 
killed  those  men  that  took  up  Sha- 
drach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego. 

Matt.  iii.  4.  And  the  same  John 
had  his  raiment  of  camel's  hair, 
and  a  leathern  girdle  about  his 
loins ;  and  his  food  was  locusts  and 
wild  honey. 

V.  41.  And  whoever  shall  con- 
strain thee  to  go  one  mile,  go  with 
him  two. 

Luke  ii.  44.  But  they  suppos- 
ing him  to  be  in  the  company,  went 
a  day's  journey ;  and  they  sought 
him  among  their  relations  and  ac- 
quaintimce. 

XV.  27.  And  he  said  to  him,  Thy 
brother  is  come;  and  thy  father 
hath  killed  the  fatted  calf,  because 
he  hath  received  him  in  health. 

xvii.  9.  Doth  he  thank  that  ser- 
vant because  he  did  the  things  that 
were  commanded  him?  I  suppose 
not. 


The  Webster  Amended  Bible. 


147 


Old  Text.  Amended  Text. 

Heb.  xi.  9.  By  faith  he  so-  Heb.  xi.  9.  By  faith  he  so- 
journed in  the  land  of  promise,  as  journed  in  the  land  of  promise,  as 
in  a  strange  country,  dwelling  in  in  a  foreign  country,  dwelling  in 
tabernacles  with  Isaac  and  Jacob,  tabernacles  with  Isaac  and  Jacob, 
the  heirs  with  him  of  the  same  the  heirs  with  him  of  the  same 
promise.  promise. 

a  John  II.  Hethatbiddethhim  3  John  ii.    He  that  wisheth 

God  speed  is  partaker  of  his  evil  him  happiness,  is  partaker  of  his 

deeds.  evil  deeds. 


It  will  be  seen  at  once  that  the  changes  made 
were  unimportant,  that  they  had  to  do  with  minor 
things,  and  that  they  added  nothing  to  a  smoother 
or  clearer  rendering  of  Scripture.  The  whole  work 
shows  an  inability  to  grasp  the  subject.  Mr.  Scudder 
says :  "  It  was  in  general  a  picayune  revision  sufficient 
to  annoy  those  who  had  an  ear  for  the  old  version, 
and  really  offering  only  such  positive  helps  in  in- 
terpretation as  were  generally  in  the  possession  of 
fairly  educated  men.  That  he  should  have  done  the 
work  at  all,  and  have  done  it  so  faintly,  is  what  sur- 
prises the  reader."^  Further,  Mr.  Scudder  says  of  Dr. 
Webster :  "  He  had  unlimited  confidence  in  himself, 
an  almost  childish  ignorance  of  obstacles,  a  persis- 
tence which  was  unembarrassed  by  the  indifference 
of  others,  and  from  his  long-continued  occupation,  a 
habit  of  magnifying  the  trivial.  He  had  not  in  such 
a  work  as  this  the  qualifications  of  a  scholar ;  he  had 

1  Horace  E.  Scudder's  "  Biography  of  Noah  Webster,"  pp.  176, 177. 


148 


Early  Bibles. 


simply  the  training  of  a  schoolmaster ;  he  was  igno- 
rant of  what  he  was  undertaking,  and  his  independent 
revision  of  the  Bible  failed  to  win  attention,  not  be- 
cause it  was  audacious,  but  because  it  was  not  bold 
enough;  it  offered  no  real  contribution  to  biblical 
criticism." 

This  criticism  may  seem  slightly  severe,  yet  the 
fact  stands  out  that  the  amended  Bible  was  not  a 
success,  and  its  circulation  was  limited.  It  reached 
a  second  edition  in  1841,  but  has  not  been  repeated 
since.  There  were  editions  of  the  New  Testament 
in  1839  and  1841. 

Dr.  Webster,  though  eminently  fitted  to  make  a 
lexicon,  was  equally  unfitted  to  improve  the  Bible. 
He  was  greatly  disappointed  that  his  effort  did  not 
meet  with  favor,  and  even  to  the  end  of  his  life  clung 
to  the  hope  that  his  amended  Bible  would  supersede 
the  King  James  translation.  Individual  revisions 
of  Holy  Writ  have  been — with  a  few  exceptions — 
failures,  and  he  added  one  more  to  the  number. 
The  Bible  includes  such  a  wide  range  of  subjects 
that  no  one  mind  is  sufliciently  equipped  to  deal 
with  them.  The  translations  that  have  received  the 
widest  circulation  and  acceptance  have  been  those 
that  were  the  result  of  combined  scholarship. 


^\ 


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5icfitfmif%unet0^ 

^ "      ■  '  'f' 


EAR 


Facsimile  of  the  title  page  of  the  first  Bible  printed  in  Western  Pennsylvania, 
being  the  German  quarto  Bible  published  by  Friedric  Qoeb  ^t  Somerset  in  18i:). 

Rc<luced  size. 


Tn 
in  th( 
and  1 
were 
they  1 
years 
quart( 
Readi 
not  id 
were  ] 

She 
many 
tained 
Schwe 
Dunke 
who,  ; 
anothe 
Williai 

1  "H 


/ 


EARLY  EDITIONS  OF  THE  BIBLE  AND  NEW  TES- 
TAMENT IN  GERMAN. 


The  early  German  settlers  of  this  country  believed 
in  the  power  of  the  press.  While  Christopher  Saur 
and  those  who  succeeded  him  of  the  same  name 
were  the  pioneers  in  disseminating  German  literature, 
they  by  no  means  stood  alone.  While  nearly  thirty 
years  passed  between  the  Saur  Bible  of  1 776  and  the 
quarto  Bible  of  Gottlob  Yungmann  published  at 
Reading,  Pa.,  in  1805,  other  German  presses  were 
not  idle,  for  several  editions  of  the  New  Testament 
were  published  as  well  as  separate  books  of  the  Bible. 

Sherman  Day  writes i^  "The  upper  parts  of  Ger- 
many at  the  commencement  of  the  last  century  con- 
tained many  Protestant  communities,  Moravians, 
Schwenckfelders,  Mennonists  or  German  Baptists, 
Dunkers  or  Seventh-Day  Baptists,  and  Lutherans, 
who,  after  fleeing  in  vain  from  one  principality  to 
another  to  avoid  persecution,  at  last,  listening  to 
William  Penn's  offer  of  free  toleration,  found  a  per- 

1  "  Historical  Collections  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,"  p.  392. 


i 


ISO 


Early  Bibles. 


manent  asylum  in  this  new  land.  The  news  from 
the  earlier  immigrants  brought  thousands  more,  and 
the  latter,  finding  the  townships  immediately  around 
Philadelphia  taken  up,  sought  the  newer  and  cheaper 
lands  in  the  interior.  Some  of  the  Mennonists  arrived 
about  the  years  1698  to  171 1,  but  the  greatest  num- 
bers in  1 71 7,  and  settled  chiefly  in  Lancaster  County. 
There  was  a  very  early  settlement  of  Mennonists  at 
Pequea  Creek.  The  Dunkers  came  from  Creyfield 
and  Wittgenstein  in  the  duchy  of  Cleves  in  Prussia, 
chiefly  in  the  years  17 19  to  1723,  and  settled  at 
Oley,  Conestoga,  and  Mill  Creek,  and  afterward  at 
Ephrata  on  the  Cocalico,  about  the  year  1 732."  The 
founder  of  the  Baptist  community  at  Ephrata  was 
Conrad  Beissel,  a  Pietist  from  Germany.  This  order 
in  its  best  days  numbered  three  hundred  men  and 
women.  They  assumed  monastic  names,  and  wore 
a  habit  similar  to  the  White  Friars.  The  earliest 
printing  done  for  this  body  was  executed  by  the  first 
Christopher  Saur,  but  as  the  community  increased 
in  wealth  and  numbers  they  undertook  their  own 
printing.  At  an  early  date  they  built  a  paper-mill 
and  started  a  printing-office.  This  was  the  second 
press  set  up  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
spurious  Gospel  of  Nicodemus  came  from  this  press 
in  1748.  The  noted  Martyr  Books  and  editions 
of  the  New  Testament  were  printed  on  excellent 


It 


Early  Editions  in  German. 


151 


paper  made  in  the  town.  An  edition  of  the  New 
Testament  in  German  appeared  at  this  place  in  1 787, 
and  was  probably  the  first  edition.  It  is  printed  in 
bold,  clear-faced  type,  and  is  a  most  admirable  ex- 
ample of  early  book-making.  It  is  greatly  prized  by 
collectors,  and  brings  a  high  price.  The  title-page 
does  not  contain  the  name  of  any  printer,  but  there 
is  a  note  at  the  end  of  the  Book  of  Revelation  which 
explains  that  the  work  was  done  by  the  Dunker 
Community.  The  note  reads :  "  N.  B.  Formerly 
printed  several  times,  at  Zurich,  Basle,  and  Frank- 
fort and  Leipsic;  now  however,  at  Ephrata,  at  the 
expense  of  the  Brethren,  in  the  year  1787."  At  the 
end  of  the  book  are  "  Four  beautiful  spiritual  hymns." 
A  i6mo  edition  of  the  Psalms  was  printed  in  1793, 
and  another  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  1795. 
O'Callaghan  makes  no  reference  to  the  publications 
at  Ephrata,  which  is  a  remarkable  omission. 

Michael  Billmeyer  was  an  industrious  printer  of 
New  Testaments  at  Germantown  through  a  number 
of  years.  His  German  Testaments  bear  the  foUo'x-- 
ing  dates:  1787,  1795,  1803,  1807,  1808,  1810,  181 1, 
18 1 5,  1 8 19,  and  1822.  He  also  published  a  i2mo 
edition  of  the  Psalms  in  181 5  and  again  in  1828. 
The  edition  of  1787  was  the  first.  The  title-page 
reads  as  follows : 

"  Das  Neue  Testament  unsers  Herrn  und  Hey- 


152 


Early  Bibles. 


landes  Jesu  Christi,  Nach  der  Deutschen  Uebersetz- 
ung  D.  Martin  Luthers,  mit  kurzem  Inhalt  eines 
jeden  Capitels,  und  vollstandiger  Anweisung  gleicher 
Schrift-Stellen.  Wie  auch  aller  Sonn  und  Fest-tagi- 
gen  Evangelien  und  Episteln.  Erste  Auflage.  Ger- 
mantaun:  Gedruckt  bei  Michael  Billmeyer.      1787." 

An  octavo  edition  of  the  German  Bible  appeared 
in  Philadelphia  in  1775  with  the  name  of  Ernst  Lud- 
wig  Baisch  on  the  title-page.  But  this  cannot  be 
claimed  as  an  American  publication,  for  it  was  evi- 
dently an  importation.  O'Callaghan  says:^  "This 
Bible  was  imported  probably  in  sheets  from  Germany, 
where  the  first  title-page  is  considered  also  to  have 
been  printed  on  a  slip,  for  a  portion  of  the  edition 
sent  to  this  country." 

In  1 783  Melchior  Steiner  printed  an  octavo  edition 
of  the  New  Testament  in  German  at  Philadelphia. 
His  printing  establishment  was  on  Race  Street.  The 
text  is  in  double  columns,  on  537  pages.  In  1791 
Charles  Cist  published  at  Philadelphia  a  German 
Testament  in  i2mo  and  the  Book  of  Psalms  the 
.same  year. 

A  i6mo  edition  of  the  Psalms  in  German  is  dated 
Baltimore,  1 796.  It  was  from  the  press  of  Samuel 
Saur.  It  is  safe  to  conjecture  that  this  was  the  first 
portion  of  Scripture  published  in  the  South. 

1  "  List  of  Bibles  Printed  in  America,"  p.  28. 


1 

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Fac-simile  of  tlic  title-page  of  the  German  New  Testament  published  at  Ephrata, 
Vix.,  in  1787,  by  the  Diinker  Connuunity.    Exact  size. 

/ 


/ 


Early  Editions  in  German. 


153 


The  quarto  German  Bible  of  Gottlob  Yungmann 
of  1805  has  already  been  referred  to  as  in  substance 
a  second  Saur.  Wilhelm  Hamilton  in  181 2  issued 
the  New  Testament  in  German  at  Lancaster,  Pa. 
It  is  a  i2mo  of  752  pages. 

Friedrich  Goeb,  who  was  both  a  clergyman  and  a 
printer,  issued  a  German  Bible  at  Somerset,  Pa.,  in 
1813. 

"  Biblia,  Das  ist :  Die  Ganze  Gottliche  Heilige 
Schrift,  Alten  und  Neuen  Testaments,  Nach  der 
deutschen  Uebersetzung  Dr.  Martin  Luthers.  Mit 
jedes  Capitels  kurzen  Summarien,  auch  beygefiighten 
vielen  und  richtigen  Paralellen.  Nebst  schicklichen 
Nutzanwendungen  zu  den  fiinf  Biichern  Mosis,  dem 
Hohelied  Salomonis  und  der  Oflfenbarung  S.  Johan- 
nis.  Die  erste  Auflage.  Somerset ;  Gedruckt  und 
zufinden  bey  Friedrich  Goeb.      18 13." 

Collation : 

Verso  of  title-page,  blank;  preface,  i  page;  list 
of  books,  I  page;  527  pages  to  end  of  Malachi; 
Apocrypha,  66  pages;  title-page,  New  Testament; 
verso,  list  of  books  of  same;  New  Testament,  169 
pages ;  i  blank  page ;  assignment  of  feast-days,  2 
pages. 

This  is  an  interesting  book  to  collectors,  as  it  was 
the  first  edition  of  the  Bible  published  in  western 
Pennsylvania.     O'Callaghan  catalogues  this  book  as 


154 


Early  Bibles. 


a  quarto,  while  some  antiquarians  speak  of  it  as  a 
folio.  The  printed  page  measures  1 1  ^  by  8^  inches. 
The  preface  was  written  by  Mr.  Goeb,  who  also  sup- 
plied the  notes  to  the  five  books  of  Moses,  and  the 
Song  of  Solomon.  The  same  printer  also  issued  a 
i2mo  New  Testament  in  German  in  1814.  In  1819 
an  edition  of  the  New  Testament  was  printed  at  New 
Berlin,  Pa.  German  Testaments  were  also  issued  at 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  in  the  years  1800,  18 10,  1830,  and 
1848. 

Johann  Bar  printed  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  in  18 19, 
a  folio  Bible  in  German.  It  is  a  very  substantial 
book  both  in  binding  and  printing,  and  is  in  every 
way  a  credit  to  the  publisher.  The  engraved  front- 
ispiece to  the  Old  Testament  represents  Moses  with 
the  Tables  of  the  Law,  while  that  to  the  New  is 
"The  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds."  J.  Henry  was 
the  engraver.  The  Apocrypha  is  printed  in  smaller 
type  than  the  rest  of  the  book. 

"  Biblia,  Das  ist :  Die  ganze  Heilige  Schrift  Alten 
und  Neuen  Testaments,  Nach  der  Deutschen  Ueber- 
setzung  von  Doctor  Martin  Luther.  Mit  lehrreichen 
Vorreden  und  vielen  niitzlichen  und  seltenen  Regis- 
tern  versehen.  Nebst  dfem  dritten  Buch  der  Macca- 
baer  und  Zugabe  des  dritten  und  vierten  Buchs  Esra. 
Imgleichen  Eine  kurz  gefasste  Biblische  Geschichte 
und  Lebensbeschreibung  Doctor  Martin  Luther's  Last 


Early  Editions  in  German. 


155 


A 


das  Buch  dieses  Gesetzes  nicht  von  deinem  Munde 
kommen,  &c. — JOSUA  Cap.  i,  V.  8.  Lancaster,  Pa. : 
Gedruckt  und  im  Verlage  des  Johann  Bar.     18 19." 

Bar  also  published  an  edition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  1 82 1.  In  1824  Moser  &  Peters  issued  at 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  a  i2mo  New  Testament  in  German.  It 
has  twelve  woodcuts,  all  exceedingly  stiff  and  primi- 
tive. The  frontispiece  is  a  picture  of  the  Last  Sup- 
per, in  which  the  disciples  are  gathered  about  a  round 
table.     The  book  has  5 1 1  pages. 

Kimber  &  Sharpless  of  Philadelphia  published  a 
German  Bible  in  quarto  in  1827.  They  also  issued 
a  i2mo  New  Testament  in  1839.  G.  W.  Mentz 
published  a  New  Testament  of  the  same  size  and 
at  the  same  place  in  181 1,  1828,  and  1830.  G.  W. 
Mentz  &  Cohn  issued  a  i2mo  Bible  in  1833  and  a 
reissue  in  1834,  and  the  New  Testament  in  1841. 

The  American  Bible  Society  in  1835  printed  the 
New  Testament  in  German  after  Luther's  translation, 
and  in  1847  the  entire  Bible.  From  this  date 
editions  of  the  Scriptures  in  German  multiplied 
rapidly. 


EARLY  EDITIONS  OF  THE  DOUAY  BIBLE. 


It  is  generally  known  that  the  New  Testament 
was  translated  into  English  from  the  Vulgate,  at 
Rheims,  France,  in  1582.  The  chief  translator  was 
the  Rev.  Gregory  Martin,  assisted  by  Cardinal  Allen 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Richard  Bristow  and  Rev.  Dr.  John 
Reynolds.  The  translation  of  the  Old  Testament 
was  also  largely  the  work  of  Rev.  Gregory  Martin. 
He  did  not  live  to  see  it  published,  as  it  did  not 
appear  in  print  until  the  year  1609,  when  it  was 
issued  with  the  approbation  of  the  College  at  Douay. 
Various  reprints  of  these  versions  have  been  made 
from  time  to  time.  New  translations  have  also 
appeared.  The  Rev.  C.  Nary  of  Ireland  offered  a 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  in  17 18,  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Witham  of  Douay  another  in  1730,  and  while 
both  were  published,  they  did  not  receive  an  exten- 
sive sale.  Dr.  Challoner  in  1749  revised  the  New 
Testament,  and  in  1750  the  Old  Testament,  on  the 
basis  of  Dr.  Martin's  translation. 

In  1 79 1  the  Rev.  Bernard  McMahon  edited  a  new 

156       . 


THE 


NEW  TESTAMENT 


<iK  oun 


L O R D  AN  \)  vS A  V T O U U 

J  E  S  U  SCIf  R  I  ST; 


-  TMAMiLATKO  ClL'T  lir  TirK 

LATIN    VULGATE,  . 

DILIGENTLY  COMI'AKKU  WlTlf  tIIE  OKIGIXAL  GHEKK, 

ANU  riKKT  r('BliI)IMtl>  >v 

TMK  KNOLISIl  (OLLUQE  OF  RHELMS, 
A.NNO  IflHS: 

wiril  TUB 

.  ORIGINAL  PREFACE, 

AHCUMISXTH    AND    TABf<E:i<i, 

MAIiajNAL  NOTE.i, 


^nnot(1t(on:<i.. 


.T<»  WHICH  ARK  N(>W  AbDKO, 
AN    INTItODUCTOUY    ESSAY; 

ANI>  \ 

COMPLETE   TOPICAL  AND  TEXTUAL  IN1)EX. 


new 


NEW-YORK: 

PCBLISIIKI)     IIV    JONATHA.t     LEAnXT, 

18i,  liroadwajr. 

B08TOK  :    CROCKKR   AND  llRBWsfEK, 

47,  Washingloa-iiticct. 

1834. 


Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  Rheimish  Testament  published  in  New 
York  l)y  Jonathan  Lcavitt  in  18:f4.    Reduced  size. 


Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible.        1 5  ^ 


edition  of  the  entire  Bible  under  the  supervision  of 
Archbishop  Troy.  Of  later  editions  that  have  ap- 
peared it  can  be  said  that  they  are  modifications 
more  or  less  of  Dr.  Challoner's  versions.  This  is  the 
case  with  Hay  dock's  edition  of  1811,  and  that  of 
Rev.  P.  Walsh  of  Dublin  in  18 16.  The  same  may 
be  said  to  a  great  extent  of  the  version  that  was 
issued  at  Dublin  in  1825,  under  the  direction  of 
Archbishop  Murray.  With  the  hope  of  securing  a 
more  accurate  version,  Bishop  Kenrick  of  Philadel- 
phia, afterward  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore,  devoted 
himself  to  making  a  corrected  translation  of  the 
Douay  Bible.  The  Four  Gospels  were  printed  in 
1849  by  Dunigan  &  Brother,  151  F'ulton  Street, 
New  York.  Archdeacon  Cotton  says :  "  The  trans- 
lation is  carefully  executed,  and  the  numerous 
notes  are  short,  clear,  and  often  highly  instructive. 
Although  the  bishop  adheres  to  the  distinctive  inter- 
pretation of  his  Church,  there  is  not  throughout  the 
entire  volume  a  single  uncharitable  sentiment  nor  a 
harsh  and  irritating  expression  toward  those  of  an- 
other communion."  The  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the 
Psalms,  Job,  the  Pentateuch,  and  the  historical  books 
of  the  Old  Testament  were  issued  at  later  dates. 
The  editions  of  the  Douay  Bible  generally  used  in 
this  country  are  those  of  Challoner,  Troy,  and  Ken- 
rick.    Dr.  Challoner's  version  has  the  largest  circu- 


158 


Early  Bibles. 


lation.  Mr.  J.  R.  Dore,  in  his  book  entitled  "  Old 
Bibles,"  makes  a  comparison  in  parallel  columns  of 
the  Douay  version  of  1610  and  the  edition  of  1853, 
and  says:'  "  Greater  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
various  editions  of  the  Douay  Bible  than  in  any  other 
English  version."  Mr.  John  Gilmary  Shea,  a  biblio- 
graphical authority,  in  speaking  of  the  Bibles  and 
Testaments  of  the  Latin  Church  says:- "Very  few 
are  exact  reprints  of  any  previous  edition,  but  that, 
in  fact,  there  are  nearly  as  many  versions,  or  at  least 
recensions,  as  there  are  editions,  and  that  the  names 
Rheims  and  Douay  have  become  actual  misnomers." 

The  Council  of  Trent  in  1546  declared  the  Latin 
Vulgate  to  be  the  standard  version  of  Scripture,  but 
no  authority  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  has  ever 
been  exercised  in  deciding  what  shall  be  the  accepted 
and  sole  version  of  the  Bible  in  English. 

Mathew  Carey  of  Philadelphia  was,  as  we  have 
seen  in  a  preceding  chapter,  the  leading  publisher 
of  Douay  Bibles  in  this  country,  his  edition  of  1790 
ranking  among  the  early  English  editions.  This 
issue  was  based  upon  Bishop  Challoner's  second 
edition  of  the  Bible.  In  1805  Carey  published  a 
quarto  which  is  a  reprint  of  the  fifth  Dublin  edition. 


1  "Old  Hihles,"  p.  320. 

'  "  nihiiographical  Account  of  [Roman]  Catholic  Testaments  and 
Other  Portions  of  Scripture,"  p.  5. 


Early  Editions  of  tfw  Doitay  BibU.        159 


and  the  first  American  issue  of  Archbishop  Troy's 
version  of  1791.  Two  of  the  pages  art'  occupied 
with  a  list  of  names  of  subscribers.  There  is  also 
a  letter  of  Pius  VI.,  and  a  translation  of  the  decree 
of  the  Council  of  Trent.  The  date  on  the  general 
title-page  is  "Oct.  15.  M.DCCC.V."  The  New  Tes- 
tament was  also  published  separately  in  1805,  'i"^^ 
again  in  181 1  and  1816.  Mr.  Carey  in  time  drifted 
into  the  publication  of  Bibles  after  the  King  James 
translation,  and  ultimately  his  extensive  business  was 
wholly  given  to  this  version. 

The  first  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  French 
in  the  United  States  appeared  in  18 10. 

"  La  Nouveau  Testament  de  Notre  Seigneur  Jesus- 
Christ  en  Fran?ais  Sur  la  Vulgate.  Traduction  de 
L.  M.  de  Sacy.  Revue  sur  les  Meilleures  editions. 
Vol.  I.  Boston :  De  I'imprimerie  de  J.  T.  Bucking- 
ham.     1 8 10." 

There  are  two  octavo  volumes.  The  translation 
is  a  corrected  version  of  that  originally  made  by  Le 
Maistre  de  Sacy  at  Mons  in  1667.  The  edition  is 
without  notes,  and  l.as  the  approbation  of  Bishop 
Cheverus  of  Boston. 

In  1817  William  Duffy  of  Georgetown,  D.  C, 
printed  a  i2mo  New  Testament  which  conformed  to 
the  Dublin  editions  of  181 1  and  18 14.  It  contains 
the  approbation  of  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore.     In 


i6o 


Early  Bibles. 


the  back  of  the  book  Mr.  Duflfy  publishes  his  inten- 
tions of  issuing  a  quarto  edition  of  the  Douay  Bible, 
"  illustrated  with  plates  jy  the  first  artists  in  Amer- 
ica."    These  proposals  never  materialized. 

In  the  year  1819  the  American  Bible  Society 
printed  a  duodecimo  New  Testament  in  Spanish 
which  was  probably  the  first  in  that  language  in  this 
country.  The  translation  is  after  the  Latin  Vulgate. 
In  1824  the  society  published  the  entire  Bible  in 
Spanish.  The  book  is  an  octavo,  in  which  the  text 
covers  1 1 79  pages.  Mr.  Shea  writes :  "  This  edition 
omits  the  notes,  but  seems  otherwise  unexception- 
able." The  American  Bible  Society  also  published 
an  edition  of  the  Spanish  Bible  in  1830.  The  book 
is,  however,  incomplete,  as  the  first  and  second  Books 
of  Maccabees  are  omitted.  The  same  society  pub- 
lished a  32mo  Testament  in  Spanish  in  1837.  In 
1838  they  issued  a  French  Testament  of  the  same 
size,  and  a  i2mo  Portuguese  Testament  in  1839.  All 
these  were  translations  from  the  Latin  Vulgate.  In 
later  years  these  editions  were  discontinued,  as  a  law 
of  the  American  Bible  Society  provides  that  *'  the  only 
copies  in  the  English  language  to  be  circulated  by 
the  society  shall  be  of  the  version  in  common  use." 

Eugene  Cummiskey  of  Philadelphia  was  a  prolific 
publisher  of  Douay  Bibles  through  many  years.  His 
first  edition  was  an  octavo  printed  in  1824. 


>  I ' 


Early  Editions  of  the  Dotiay  Bible.        i6i 


Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  Translated  from  the 
Latin  Vulgate:  Diligently  Compared  with  the  He- 
brew, Greek,  and  other  editions  in  divers  languages. 
The  Old  Testament  first  published  by  the  English 
College  at  Douay,  A.D.  1609.  And  the  New  Tes- 
tament first  published  by  the  English  College  at 
Rheims,  A.D.  1582.  With  Annotations,  References, 
and  an  Historical  and  Chronological  Index.  First 
Stereotype,  from  the  Fifth  Dublin  Edition.  Newly 
Revised  and  Corrected  according  to  the  Clementine 
Edition  of  the  Scriptures.  Philadelphia:  Published 
by  Eugene  Cummiskey.  Stereotyped  by  J.  Howe. 
1824." 

There  is  an  engraved  frontispiece,  representing 
Christ,  St.  Mary,  and  St.  Joseph.  "Admonition,  Let- 
ter of  Pius  VI.,  A  Prayer,  and  Decree  of  Council  of 
Trent,"  are  found  before  the  Old  Testament  text,  and 
the  approbation  of  Dr.  Troy  before  the  text  of  the 
New  Testament.  The  volume  also  secured  the  ap- 
probation of  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Conwell,  Bishop  of 
Philadelphia.  The  same  year  Cummiskey  issued  a 
quarto  Bible,  which  followed  Dr.  Troy's  text.  The 
book  has  ten  copper-plates.  The  same  publisher 
issued  his  folio  Bible  in  1825.  This  is  a  reprint 
of  Haydock's  Manchester  edition  of  1811-1814.  It 
was  published  by  subscription  in  120  numbers,  and 
the  edition  reached  one  thousand  copies.     It  contains 


1 62 


Early  Bibles. 


twenty  copper-plate  engravings.  The  book  includes 
776  pages  devoted  to  the  text.  Between  the  title- 
page  and  the  New  Testament  are  twelve  pages  of 
reading  matter.  These  are  the  subjects  considered : 
"  General  Preface  to  the  New  Testament ;  Origin  of 
the  Books ;  Original  Language  of  the  Books ;  Differ- 
ent Versions  of  the  Scriptures  into  English;  Dr. 
VVitham's  Remarks  to  the  Reader;  Prayer;  On 
Reading  the  Holy  Scriptures ;  Scripture  alone  cannot 
be  the  Rule  of  Faith  and  Life ;  Liberty  with  Regard 
to  School  Opinions;  Prayer;  Four  Evangelists; 
Sum  of  the  New  Testament."  The  Hst  of  sub- 
scribers is  at  the  end  of  the  book,  and  just  before 
this  is  a  folding  page  with  the  heading,  "  Theological 
History  in  Miniature."  The  Cummiskey  octavo 
Bible  of  1824,  with  slight  variations,  was  reissued 
through  many  years.  The  same  house  published 
editions  of  the  New  Testament  in  1824,  1828,  1829, 
1831,  1834,  1835,  1840,  1841,  1844,  and  1858. 

Fielding  Lucas,  Jr.,  138  Market  Street,  Baltimore, 
issued  a  Bible  in  1832,  which  was  printed  from  the 
plates  of  Cummiskey's  quarto  of  1824.  Mr.  Lucas 
also  published  at  Baltimore  in  1837  a  duodecimo 
Bible,  which  on  the  title-page  contains  the  line, 
"  With  the  approbation  of  the  Provincial  Council." 
In  1 83 1  he  issued  two  editions  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, the  one  a  i2mo  and  the  other  a  32mo.     The 


Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible.        163 


, 


plates  of  both  of  these  originally  belonged  to  Cum- 
miskey. 

A  duodecimo  edition  of  the  New  Testament  was 
printed  in  1829  at  Utica,  N.  Y.,  by  William  Williams, 
60  Genesee  Street.  The  stereotyped  plates  were 
owned  by  Mr.  Nicholas  Devereux,  who  desired  to 
furnish  the  parochial  schools  of  Utica  with  Testa- 
me^its  at  a  reasonable  price.  The  version  follows 
that  of  Dr.  Challoner,  and  the  book  received  the  ap- 
probation of  the  Rt.  Rev.  John  Dubois,  the  Bishop 
of  New  York.  There  were  reissues  of  the  Devereux 
Testament  in  1833,  1835,  and  1840.  The  plates 
were  then  purchased  by  D,  &  J.  Sadlier,  19  Carmine 
Street,  New  York,  and  from  them  the  firm  printed 
their  first  edition  of  the  New  Testament,  in  1842. 
They  repeated  the  book  in  1845,  1847,  and  185 1. 
The  Sadliers  in  1845  printed  their  first  edition  of  the 
Bible,  which  is  a  quarto,  containing  eight  copper- 
plate engravings.  There  is  an  engraved  as  well  as 
printed  title-page,  the  former  ornamented  with  fig- 
ures of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  The  engraved  title- 
page  of  the  New  Testament  has  a  vignette  of  "  The 
Adoration  of  the  Shepherds."  The  index  at  the 
end  of  the  volume  is  followed  by  Ward's  "  Errata  of 
the  Protestant  Bible."  The  text  accords  with  Dr. 
Challoner,  and  the  book  has  the  approval  of  Bishop 
Hughes.     This  issue  is  practically  a  reprint  of  the 


1 64 


Early  Bibles. 


Cummiskey  quarto  of  1824.  Later  editions  have 
twenty-four  plates  and  the  approbation  of  the  Arch- 
bishops of  New  York,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati, 
and  that  of  the  Bishops  of  Albany,  Boston,  and 
BufTalo.  Reissues  were  made  in  185 1,  1852,  1853, 
1856,  and  1858. 

About  1850  Tallis,  Willoughby  &  Co.  of  London 
and  New  York  proposed  to  print  a  folio  Bible  in 
thirty  parts.  It  was  after  Haydock's  version,  with 
corrections  by  Very  Rev.  Dr.  Hamill.  After  six 
parts  were  issued  the  publishing  house  dissolved, 
when  the  plates  were  bought  by  D.  &  J.  Sadlier,  and 
the  work  discontinued. 

Dr.  Allioli  of  the  Cathedral  of  Ratisbon  edited  an 
edition  of  the  Douay  Bible  in  the  German  language. 
An  American  issue  of  this  book  was  made  by  the 
Rev.  Gabriel  Rumpeler  of  the  Redemptorist  Fathers 
of  New  York,  who  abridged  the  notes  of  Dr.  Allioli. 
The  book  is  an  octavo,  with  the  date  of  1850  on  the 
Old  Testament  title-page,  and  1852  on  the  New 
Testament  title-page.  It  was  stereotyped  by  Lud- 
wig  &  Co.,  70  Vesey  Street,  New  York.  The  pref- 
ace to  the  New  Testament  of  this  edition,  by  Father 
Rumpeler,  reads  as  follows : 

The  reading  of  the  Bible  has  become,  among  the  Catholic  popula- 
tion of  the  United  States  of  America,  a  general  practice,  by  what 
authority  we  shall  not  stop  to  inquire.  Suffice  it,  the  universal  prac- 
tice hath  created  a  habit  which  we  do  not  praise,  neither  will  we 


/ 


Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible.        165 

absolutely  condemn.  The  actual  want,  universally  perceptible,  of  a 
German  Catholic  Bible  approved  by  the  Holy  See,  up  to  this  time  a 
desideratum  in  this  country,  hath  induced  us  rather  to  transplant  into 
American  soil  this  truly  literal  Translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  by 
Dr.  Franz  Allioli,  which  has  been  received  with  universal,  undivided 
approbation,  is  widely  dispersed  and  obtains  at  present  in  Germany 
an  almost  exclusive  circulation,  in  order  thereby  to  provide  against 
the  erroneous  understanding  of  the  word  of  God,  often  occasioned  by 
the  use  of  Protestant,  as  well  as  numerous  corrupt  Catholic  Bibles, 
especially  that  of  Van  Ess.  To  facilitate  the  purchase  of  this  Book, 
the  editor  hath  thought  proper  to  abridge  the  often  recurring,  less 
necessary,  and  more  abstruse  notes  in  the  original  work  which  have 
been  approved  by  several  Bishops ;  yet  so,  that  the  sense  thereof  has 
now  suffered  a  change  in  but  very  few  instances  which  have  been  seen 
and  approved  by  our  Most  Reverend  Bishop  Dr.  John  Hughes.  The 
editor  thus  hopes  to  have  supplied  a  pressing  want,  and  to  have 
merited  the  gratitude,  of  the  public. 

The  Editor, 

P.  G.  R. 


The  plates  of  this  edition  of  the  Douay  Bible  were 
acquired  by  D.  &  J.  Sadlier,  who  published  two 
thousand  copies.  Eventually  the  same  plates  passed 
into  the  hands  of  a  pubHshing  house  in  Germany. 
The  New  Testament  part  was  also  published  sepa- 
rately in  1852.  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  in  185 1  printed  Pas- 
torini's  "  General  History  of  the  Christian  Church," 
and  this  book  contains  the  Revelation  of  St.  John. 

In  1833  John  Doyle,  12  Liberty  Street,  New 
York,  published  an  octavo  Douay  Bible.  It  was 
stereotyped  by  Connor  &  Cooke.  There  are  four 
engravings.      The  approbations  of   the    Bishops  of 


1 66 


Early  Bibles. 


New  York  and  Charleston  are  printed  on  the  back 
of  the  title-page.  Dr.  Murray's  version  of  1825  is 
followed.  There  was  a  reprint  of  this  Bible  in  1836, 
wkh  a  new  title-page.  The  plates  were  then  pur- 
chased by  Edward  Dunigan,  151  Fulton  Street, 
New  York,  who  issued  the  Bible  with  different  styles 
of  engravings  and  title-pages,  through  several  years 
from  the  first  edition  in  1844.  In  1852  the  firm — 
changed  to  Edward  Dunigan  &  Brother — published 
a  quarto  Bible  which  accorded  with  the  Haydock 
of  181 1.  It  was  edited  by  Rev.  J.  R.  Bailey,  who 
later  became  the  Bishop  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  the 
Rev.  J.  McMahon.  Many  corrections  were  made  in 
the  notes  as  well  as  in  the  text.  The  book  is  an  im- 
perial quarto  of  167 1  pages,  liberally  supplied  with 
engravings.  There  are  engraved  letters  from  Pope 
Pius  IX.  and  Archbishop  Hughes  to  the  publishers, 
followed  by  words  of  commendation  from  Cardinal 
Wiseman  and  eight  archbishops  and  nineteen  bishops. 
This  Bible  went  through  a  number  of  reissues  in 
after  years.  Mr.  Dunigan  published  an  i8mo 
Rheims  Testament  in  1845,  which  was  reprinted 
nearly  every  year  between  1850  and  1857.  Arch- 
bishop Alemany  edited  a  Spanish  Testament  which 
the  same  house  issued  in  1853.  It  is  supplied  with 
notes,  and  is  a  duodecimo  in  size. 

Archbishop  Kenrick  spent  many  years  in  revising 


Early  Editions  of  the  Donay  Bible.        167 


the  Douay  and  Rheims  Testaments.  The  work  was 
issued  in  parts  from  time  to  time.  The  first  to  ap- 
pear was  "The  Four  Gospels,"  in  an  octavo  volume. 
It  is  dedicated  "  To  the  Hierarchy  of  the  United 
States,  assembled  in  the  Seventh  Provincial  Coun- 
cil of  Baltimore."  The  dedication  is  dated  May  1, 
1849.  The  book  is  imprinted  by  Edward  Dunigan  & 
Brother,  151  Fulton  Street,  New  York,  1849.  There 
is  a  general  preface,  and  then  a  special  preface  be- 
fore each  of  the  Gospels.  There  is  a  map  of  Pales- 
tine, but  no  engravings.  The  notes  are  explanatory 
and  critical.  From  the  press  of  the  same  New  York 
publishing  house  came  in  1851  the  next  volume, 
which  included  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  Epis- 
tles, and  the  Apocalypse.  After  the  table  of  con- 
tents, there  is  a  general  introduction,  brief  notice  of 
manuscripts,  chief  versions,  and  abbreviations.  There 
is  also  a  special  introduction  to  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles,  each  of  the  Epistles,  and  the  Book  of 
Revelation.  The  text  occupies  680  pages,  and,  like 
the  previous  volume,  it  is  an  octavo.  Facing  the 
title  is  a  map  of  the  countries  traveled  by  the  Apos- 
tles. The  third  part  of  Kenrick's  version  was  pub- 
lished by  Lucas  Brothers,  Baltimore.  It  is  without 
date,  except  in  the  dedication,  which  is  January, 
1857.  It  includes  "The  Psalms,  Books  of  Wisdom, 
and  Canticle  of  Canticles."     It  is  arranged  upon  the 


1 68 


Early  Bibles. 


same  plan  as  the  other  volumes.  In  1859  "The 
Book  of  Job  and  the  Prophets  "  appeared  with  the 
imprint  of  Kelly,  Hedian  &  Piet,  Baltimore.  "The 
Pentateuch  "  came  from  the  same  publishers  in  the 
year  i860.  They  also  issued  in  i860  the  final  vol- 
ume, namely,  "  The  Historical  Books  of  the  Old 
Testament."  All  the  volumes  are  octavo,  and  follow 
a  uniform  method  of  treatment.  Mr.  Brownson,  in 
his  Rcviczv,  says :  "  Archbishop  Kenrick's  revision 
of  the  Douay  version  is  an  immense  labor,  and  one 
which  has  as  yet  been  hardly  appreciated  according 
to  its  merits.  It  is  a  work  on  which  has  been  be- 
stowed a  vast  amount  of  rare  and  valuable  learning ; 
every  text,  every  word,  seems  to  have  been  the  ob- 
ject of  diligent  study,  and  of  careful  comparison  with 
the  original  text.  Few  persons,  till  they  compare 
the  two,  will  suspect  its  very  great  superiority  over 
our  common  Douay  Bibles,  either  in  accuracy  or 
elegance." 

Archbishop  Francis  P.  Kenrick  was  born  at  Dub- 
lin, Ireland,  December  3,  1797,  and  received  his 
ecclesiastical  education  in  the  College  of  the  Propa- 
ganda at  Rome.  He  was  ordained  priest  in  1821, 
and  appointed  to  preside  over  St.  Joseph's  College, 
at  Bardstown,  Ky.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  in 
1830,   and   became   coadjutor   to   Bishop   Conwell, 


Early  Editions  of  the  Donay  Bible.        169 


/ 


whose  place  in  Philadelphia  he  filled  at  Conwell's 
death.  He  was  much  interested  in  the  education  of 
young  men,  and  founded  at  Philadelphia  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo.  In  1851 
he  was  made  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore.  In  1852 
he  presided  as  apostolic  delegate  over  the  first 
Plenary  Council  of  his  church  held  in  the  United 
States.  He  died  at  Baltimore  in  1863.  He  was 
the  author  of  a  number  of  theological  books,  but  his 
chief  work  was  his  revision  of  the  Douay  Bible. 

In  1834  an  edition  of  the  Rheims  Testament  was 
given  to  the  public  in  a  peculiar  form.  The  title- 
page  runs: 

"The  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ ;  Translated  out  of  the  Latin  Vulgate, 
diligently  Compared  with  the  Original  Greek,  and 
first  published  by  the  English  College  at  Rheims, 
anno  1582.  With  the  Original  Preface,  Arguments 
and  Tables,  Marginal  Notes,  and  Annotations.  To 
which  are  now  added,  an  Introductory  Essay,  and 
a  Complete  Topical  and  Textual  Index.  New  York : 
Published  by  Jonathan  Leavitt,  182  Broadway. 
Boston :  Crocker  and  Brewster,  47  Washington 
Street.      1834." 

This  is  an  octavo  volume  of  458  pages.  The  re- 
verse side  of  the  title-page  contains  the  certificate  of 


170 


Early  Bibles. 


copyright,  dated  1833.     Then  follow  "Notice,  Rec- 
ommendations, and  Certificate."      These  are   here 

printed  in  full. 

NOTICE. 

The  following  recommendations  of  this  edition  of  the  Rhemish 
Testament,  by  Ministers  of  the  Gospel,  and  others,  of  various  tienominiu 
tions,  will  unfold  the  importance  of  the  work,  as  a  book  of  reference 
for  all  persons  who  desire  to  comprehend  genuine  Popery. 

RECOMMENDATION. 

Those  who  take  an  interest  in  the  controversy  now  pending  in  the 
United  States  between  the  Protestants  and  Romanists,  no  doubt  feel 
desirous  of  seeing  exhibited,  in  the  most  authentic  and  unexception- 
able manner,  the  genuine  principles  of  Romanism,  set  forth,  not  by 
individuals  whose  statements  and  opinions  it  may  be  convenient  to 
disavow,  but  by  public  and  accredited  bodies.  Such  a  publication  is 
the  translation  of  the  New  Testament,  made  and  given  to  the  world 
at  Rheims,  in  1582.  In  this  translation,  and  the  notes  which  accom- 
pany it,  we  see  what  Roman  Catholics  were  at  that  time  willing  to 
avow,  and  what  they  have  been  ever  since  willing  to  avow,  as  contu  i, 
ing  their  views  of  Christian  doctrine  of  worship.  We  rejoice  that  an 
American  edition  of  this  work  is  contemplated ;  and  we  hope  Ameri- 
can Protestants  will  read  and  understand  it. 

This  is  signed  by  twenty-two  ministers.  The  first 
signature  is  that  of  Rev.  J.  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  of  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J. 

RECOMMENDATION. 

For  the  republication  of  the  Roman  Catholic  New  Testament,  with 
all  the  Notes,  as  first  published  at  Rheims,  in  the  year  1582. 

The  Subscribers  deem  it  of  special  importance,  at  the  present  time, 
that  the  Rhemish  translation  of  the  New  Testament,  containing  An- 
notations or  Notes,  defending  the  Doctrines  and  Worship  of  the 
Papacy,  as  published  at  Rheims,  A.D.  1582,  should  be  reprinted. 


Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible.        1 7 1 

This  edition,  as  it  contains  all  the  notes,  should  be  carefully  exam- 
ined by  all  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  existing  controversy  between 
Protestants  and  Romanists. — September,  1833. 

This  is  signed  by  one  hundred  and  five  ministers 
of  various  denominations,  headed  by  the  Rev.  Rufus 
Anderson  of  Boston.  Three  laymen  also  added 
their  signatures. 

CERTIFICATE. 

We  have  compared  this  New  York  edition  of  the  Romish  Testa- 
ment and  Annotations  with  the  first  publication  of  that  volume,  which 
was  issued  at  Rheims  in  1 582 ;  and  after  examination,  we  do  hereby 
certify,  that  the  present  reprint  is  an  exact  and  faithful  copy  of  the 
original  work,  without  abridgment  or  addition,  except  that  the  Latin 
of  a  few  phrases  which  were  translated  by  the  annotators,  and  some 
unimportant  expletive  words  were  undesignedly  omitted.  The  orthog- 
raphy also  has  been  modernized. 

John  Breckinridge, 
William  C.  Brownlee,  D.D., 
Thomas  De  Witt,  D.D., 
Duncan  Dunbar, 
Archibald  Maclay, 
William  Patton. 

Notwithstanding  this  declaration,  there  is  a  differ- 
ence in  many  places  in  the  preface  and  notes  be- 
tween this  New  York  edition  and  the  original  Rheims 
Testament  of  1582.  O'Callaghan  has  shown  this  by 
quoting  and  comparing  twenty- seven  passages,  and 
says  these  comprise  a  "few  extracts."  Following 
the  "  Certificate  "  is  an 


173 


Early  Bibles. 


INTRODUCTORY   ADDRESS 
To  I'n>hsta$its, 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact,  that  nutuithstanding  the  Vulgate  New 
Testament,  as  it  was  tran>lati'<l  and  cx|ioun<lc(l  by  the  meniberH  uf  the 
Jesuit  College  at  Rheims,  in  1582,  has  been  republished  in  a  great 
numl>«r  of  editions,  and  their  original  annotations,  either  more  ur  less 
extensively,  have  been  added  to  the  text;  yet  as  soon  as  it  is  appealed 
to  as  an  authority,  the  Roman  I'riests  deny  both  the  value  of  the  book, 
and  the  obligation  of  the  Papists  to  believe  its  contents. 

We  have  a  very  striking  modern  instance  to  prove  this  dcceitfulness. 
The  Douay  llil)le  is  usually  so  called;  because  although  the  New 
Testament  was  first  translated  and  published  at  Rheims,  yet  the  Old 
Testament  was  printed  some  years  after  at  Douay ;  the  Knglish  Jesuits 
having  removed  their  monastery  from  Rheims  to  Douay,  before  their 
version  of  the  Old  Testament  was  completed.  In  the  year  1816,  an 
editi<m,  including  both  the  Douay  Old,  ami  the  Rhemish  New  Testa- 
ment, was  issued  at  Dublin,  containing  a  large  number  of  comments, 
replete  with  impiety,  irreligion,  and  the  mo&tjiery  persecution.  That 
etiition  was  ]mblishe<l  under  the  direction  of  all  the  dignitaries  of  the 
Roman  Hierarchy  in  Ireland;  and  about  three  hundred  others  of  the 
most  influential  subordinate  I'riests.  The  notes  which  urged  the 
hatred  and  murder  of  ProtesLints  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Dritish 
churches  ;  and  to  use  the  words  of  T.  Ilartvvell  Home,  that  edition  of 
the  Rhemish  Testament  printed  at  Dublin  in  1816,  "  corrected  and 
revised  and  approved  by  Dr.  Troy,  Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of 
Dublin,  was  revieweil  by  the  British  Critic,  vol.  8.  Page  296-308 ; 
New  Series ;  and  its  dangerous  tenets  both  civil  and  religious  were 
exposed." 

This  publication,  with  many  others  of  a  similar  character,  produced 
so  great  an  excitement  in  Britain,  that  finally  several  of  the  most  prom- 
inent of  the  Irish  Roman  Prelates  were  called  before  the  English 
Parliament  to  prove  their  own  work.  Then,  and  upon  oath,  with  all 
otVicial  solemnity,  they  peremptorily  disclaimed  the  volumes  published 
by  their  own  instigation,  and  under  their  own  supervision  and 
auspices,  as  books  of  no  authority;  because  they  had  not  been  ratified 
by  the  Pope,  and  received  by  the  whole  Papal  church. 


pAuiy  Editions  of  the  Donay  Bible.        173 


Since  that  per  <hI,  only  vxpiirt^ittcit  cilitiunit  nrc  permitted  to  appear 
before  rrottstai  is.  There  ore  several  editionn  printed  at  Dulilin, 
each  having  tiic  itanie  title.  In  all  uf  them  the  moKt  exceptionable 
notes  are  omitted  and  nevertheless*  the  volume  is  |>resented  to  Protes- 
tants as  (genuine.  The  ori(;inal  and  the  suppressed  editions  contain 
len(;thencd  annotations  on  all  the  do|;inas  of  Komanism ;  but  Prt)tcs- 
tunt  monc)'  (.anmit  mno  buy  a  copy  of  those  editions  in  the  United 
States.  They  ore  reserved  for  the  initiated  " fitit/i/nl"  only,  who 
can  obtain  an  order  for  that  purpose  from  the  Vicars-General  of  the 
different  Romish  dioceses. 

The  Douay  llible,  and  the  various  editions  of  the  Khemish  Testa- 
ment published  in  this  country  are  approved  and  denieil  in  a  manner 
exactly  similar.  If  Protestants  exhibit  the  errors  in  doctrine  which 
they  promulye,  the  palpal)le  incorrectness  of  the  translations,  and  the 
corruption  which  is  inculcated  in  the  notes;  tliey  are  instantly  told 
that  the  l)ook  is  of  no  obligation,  that  the  notes  are  the  private  opinions 
of  individuals  only;  and,  consequently,  that  the  Papists  us  a  commu- 
nity are  not  responsible  for  the  unauthorized  act  or  sentiments  of  any 
one  person — notwithstanding,  it  is  undeniable,  that  the  Romanists  in 
the  United  States  receive  those  doctrines  as  infallible;  and  practice 
them  whenever  their  Priests  enjoin  their  obedience. 

In  this  republic,  it  is  the  unvarying  practice  to  deny  both  the  gen- 
uineness and  the  authority  of  every  work  which  contains  the  most 
dangerous  articles  in  the  baneful  creed  of  the  Romanists.  It  is  of  no 
importance  in  their  estimate,  by  wh.it  monastic  order  their  dogmas 
were  adopted  and  practised;  or  by  how  many  Popes  and  Councils 
they  have  been  approved.  The  repulsive  theories:  and  pernicious  re- 
sults of  the  Popish  system  are  bluntly  denied ;  thereby  to  conceal  the 
abominations  of  the  apocalyptic  Habylon,  and  to  mask  "  the  mystery 
of  inicjuity. " 

All  the  grosser  idolatry,  pollutions  and  malignity,  which  are  con- 
tinually taught  in  their  Catechisms,  and  enforced  in  their  Confessionals, 
are  not  yet  appended  to  t/wir  text  of  the  Scriptures,  as  an  infallible 
exposition,  in  the  editions  published  in  the  United  States ;  although 
the  Euro]iean  copies  are  constantly  iniported,  and  privately  sold  to 
those  Papists  who  can  read,  and  who  can  purchase,  or  by  any  other 
means  obtain  the  priestly  dispensation  to  peruse  them — and  therefore. 


174 


Early  Bibles. 


when  the  Roman  Priests  are  charged  with  thus  implanting  in  the 
minds  and  hearts  of  their  disciples  all  antichristian  heresy,  and  per- 
verseness,  and  revenge ;  they  deny  the  fact,  and  appeal  to  the  ordinary 
mutilated  Romish  comments  upon  the  Scriptures  as  their  justification. 

Three  years  ago  a  series  of  extracts  from  this  original  edition  of 
the  Rhemish  Testament  was  published  in  the  New-York  Protestant, 
which  were  denied  by  the  Papists,  and  disbelieved  by  the  members  of 
the  Reformed  churches ;  because  in  the  common  editions,  none  of 
those  notes  are  embodied. 

Circumstances,  however,  in  Divine  Providence  have  since  tran- 
spired, which  demand  the  reprint  of  the  Romish  Testament  complete, 
as  it  was  first  published  at  Rheims  in  1582. 

T.  Hartwell  Home,  in  his  "Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  and 
Kno^i'ledge  of  the  Holy  Scriptures"  (Vol.  II.  page  246),  thus  writes 
in  reference  to  the  work,  of  which  this  volume  is  an  exact  and  un- 
abridged copy,  without  addition  or  alteration ;  except  that  the  orthog- 
raphy has  been  necessarily  modernized.  "  In  the  year  1582,  the 
Romanists  finding  it  impossible  to  withhold  the  Scriptures  any  longer 
from  the  common  people,  printed  an  English  New  Testament  at 
Rheims ;  which  was  translated  not  from  the  original  Greek,  but  from 
the  Latin  Vulgate.  The  editors,  whose  names  are  not  known,  re- 
tained the  words  azy/ues,  tunike,  holocaust,  pasche,  and  a  multitude  of 
other  Greek  words  untranslated,  under  the  pretext  of  wanting  proper 
and  adequate  English  terms  by  which  to  render  them ;  and  thus  con- 
trived to  render  it  unintelligible  to  common  readers.  Hence,  the 
historian  Fuller  took  occasion  to  remark,  that  it  was  a  translation 
'-cohich  needed  to  be  translated,^  and  that  its  editors  '  by  all  means 
laboured  to  suppress  the  light  of  truth  under  one  pretext  or  other.'  " 

From  the  original  volume,  the  ensuing  work  has  been  exactly 
printed ;  and  it  is  believed,  that  this  is  the  only  perfect  edition  of  the 
Rhemists'  version,  with  their  original  annotations,  "  cum  superioruvi 
periiffssH,  with  the  permission  of  their  superiors,"  which  has  been 
issued  from  the  press  during  the  last  215  years. 

As  a  work  of  this  character  would  have  been  almost  useless,  with- 
out a  complete  topical  and  textual  Index,  no  labour  or  pains  have 
been  spared  to  -ender  it  perfect.  According  to  ancient  custom,  the 
principal  subject  of  each  note  in  the  original  work  was  mentioned  in 


Early  Editions  of  the  Douay  Bible.        175 


the  margin.  All  these  have  been  incorporated  in  the  Index,  and  usu- 
ally in  the  precise  words  of  the  Annotators,  so  that  the  phraseology 
even  of  the  terms  is  in  the  Author's  antiquated  form. 

Probably  it  may  be  asked ;  why  was  this  edition  of  the  Rhemish 
Testament  published?  and  why  is  the  Papal  poison  which  it  dissemi- 
nates vended  without  the  Christian  antidote? — In  reply  to  'hese  in- 
quiries ;  it  must  be  observed — the  American  people  and  particularly 
the  Churches  of  Christ  in  the  United  States,  until  recently  have  dis- 
played a  n)orl)id  incredulity  in  reference  to  the  Papal  system,  and  an 
almost  settled  determination  not  to  be  convinced  of  the  "  damnable 
heresies  "  and  soul-killing  abominations  of  Popery.  To  extirpate 
this  deadly  distemper,  it  is  indispensable  to  administer  a  strong  and 
plenteous  surfeit ;  which  shall  excite  an  irresistible  necessity  for  both 
the  counteracting  antidote  and  the  healthful  restorative. 

This  volume  is  a  genuine,  minute,  and  strikingly  exact  portraiture 
of  the  Papacy,  delineated  by  their  own  Master  Artists.  The  Roman 
Priests  and  the  Jesuits  know,  that  this,  their  Babylonian  image,  will 
not  be  worshipped  by  Americans.  The  external  drapery,  however 
gorgeous  and  imposing,  is  too  thin  to  conceal  the  interior  deformity ; 
and  therefore  they  have  craftily  withheld  their  dominant  goddess  from 
Protestant  scrutiny;  we  only  perform  that  duty,  which,  in  the  present 
state  of  Romanism  in  the  United  States,  they  are  not  sufificiently  dar- 
ing to  execute. 

This  Popish  volume,  we  trust,  will  be  duly  examined  by  our  Prot- 
estant Brethren ;  especially,  as  it  is  intended  to  publish  uniform  with 
this  unspeakably  fallacious  comment,  the  replies  of  Fulke  and  Cart- 
wright  to  the  Rhemish  annotations.  A  more  acceptable  and  well- 
timeil  present  cannot  be  offered  to  American  Christians  and  citizens. 
The  character  of  these  Protestant  Champions  may  be  accurately  com- 
preheniled  by  another  quotation  from  Home's  Introduction  to  the 
Scriptures;  "Our  learned  countryman,  Thomas  C.irtwright,  was  so- 
licited by  Sir  Francis  Waisingham,  to  refute  this  translation  ;  but  after 
he  had  made  consideralile  progress  in  this  work,  he  was  prohibited 
from  proceeding  further  by  Archbishop  Whitgift ;  who  judging  it  im- 
proper that  the  defense  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England 
should  be  committed  to  a  Puritan,  appointed  Dr.  William  Fulke  in 
his  place.     By  him  the  divines  of  Rheims  were  refuted  with  great 


/  1 


176 


Early  Bibles. 


spirit  and  ability.  Fulke's  work  appeared  in  1617;  and  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  Cartwright's  confutation  was  published  under  the  auspices  of 
Archbishop  Abbot ;  both  of  them  were  accompanied  with  the  Rhemish 
translation  of  rhe  New  Testament. 

To  this  testimony  it  may  justly  be  added — their  almost  unequalled 
erudition,  their  high-toned  evangelical  principles,  their  powerful  rea- 
sonings, their  accumulated  historical  knowledge,  their  caustic  wit, 
their  indignant  sarcasm,  and  their  pungent  exposures  of  the  grand 
"Mystery,  Babylon  the  Great,"  combine  an  exhaustless  store- 
house of  the  purest  didactic  and  profoundest  controversial  theology ; 
and  we  hope,  that  they  will  speak  in  all  their  power  and  eflficacy  to 
modern  Americans,  as  they  did  to  our  Puritan  ancestors.  The  replies 
of  Fulke  and  Cartwright  to  the  Jesuits  of  Rheims,  were  both  pub- 
lished exactly  at  the  period  when  our  glorified  Brethren  were  prepar- 
ing to  migrate  from  Europe  across  the  Atlantic  in  search  of  that  lib- 
erty of  conscience  which  James  I.  and  his  profligate  associated  despots, 
in  church  and  state,  refused  them  in  Britain.  Fulke,  although  a  min- 
ister of  the  English  established  church,  was  a  decided  anti-sectarian 
Christian  Philanthropist ;  and  his  persecuted  Brother  Cartwright  was 
an  unflinching  evangelical  combatant  for  gospel  truth ;  and  an  advo- 
cate for  civil  and  religious  freedom,  not  less  bold,  iiirepid,  and  per- 
severing, than  those  dignitaries  who  shall  be  "  held  in  everlasting  re- 
membrance," John  Owen,  William  Russel,  John  Locke,  and  George 
Washington. 

This  volume  is  confidently  recommended  to  our  Christian  Brethren 
of  all  denominations  ;  with  fervid  prayer  to  Immanuel,  the  Prince  and 
Saviour  of  his  church,  that  with  its  associated  successor,  it  may  con- 
stitute a  "  standard  against  the  enemy  who  conieth  in  like  a  flood," 
effectually  lifted  up  by  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord. 

New  York,  November,  1833. 

Mr.  Shea  says  ^  of  this  address  that  it  "  is  a  mar- 
vel of  historical  and  bibliographical  ignorance."    This 


1  "  Bibliographical  Account  of  [Roman]  Catholic  Bibles,  Testa- 
ments, and  Other  Portions  of  Scripture,"  p.  i^. 


Early  Editions  of  the  Doiiay  Bible.        177 


/■ 


Rhemish  Testament  of  1834  was  stereotyped,  but  it 
went  through  but  one  edition. 

In  1850  Hewett  &  Spooner,  106  Liberty  Street, 
New  York,  published  an  edition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment from  the  Latin  Vulgate.  It  was  issued  in  parts, 
the  first  number  appearing  in  1848.  It  is  illustrated 
with  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  woodcuts  after 
original  drawings  by  W.  H.  Hewett.  The  pages 
are  also  ornamented  with  marginal  illustrations 
and  ornate  initial  letters.  The  book  contains  the 
approbation  of  Archbishop  Eccleston,  and  of  Bish- 
ops Hughes,  Kenrick,  Rappe,  Blanc,  Reynolds,  and 
Whelan.  "This  edition,"  says  Shea,^  "does  not 
pretend  to  be  the  Rhemish  or  Challoner's.  It  was 
edited  by  the  Rev.  James  McMahon  of  New  York, 
who  revised  it  by  the  Vulgate  and  not  only  made  it 
conform  to  the  division  of  verses  in  the  Clementine 
edition,  but  in  translating  availed  himself  of  the 
Greek,  and  in  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  of  the  light 
which  Hebrew  throws  on  the  Hebraisms  of  that 
Apostle." 

The  plates  of  this  Testament  w^ere  purchased  by 
John  Murphy  &  Co.  of  Baltimore  in  1854,  and  they 
continued  the  publication  of  the  book. 

In  1853  a  Douay  Bible  in  three  quarto  volumes 

1  Shea's  "  Bibliographical  Account  of  [Roman]  Catholic  Bibles, 
Testaments,  and  Other  Portions  of  Scripture,"  p.  37. 


178 


Early  Bibles. 


was  published  simultaneously  in  London  and  New 
York  with  the  imprint  of  George.  Virtue.  Editions 
that  followed  have  Virtue,  Son  &  Co.,  Virtue,  Em- 
mins  &  Co.,  and  Virtue,  Emmins  &  Roberts.  The 
version  is  explained  by  the  title-page  in  the  lines : 
"  With  Useful  Notes,  Critical,  Historical,  Controver- 
sial, and  Explanatory,  selected  from  the  most  eminent 
Commentators,  and  the  most  able  and  judicious  Crit- 
ics. By  the  late  Rev.  Geo.  Leo  Haydock,  and  other 
Divines.  The  Text  carefully  collated  with  that  of  the 
original  edition,  and  the  Annotations  abridged,  by  the 
Very  Rev.  F.  C.  Husenbeth,  D.D.,  V.G.,  Canon  of 
the  English  Chapter."  There  is  an  illuminated  title- 
page,  followed  by  an  engraved  one,  and  lastly  with 
one  printed  in  type.  It  contains  the  approbation  of 
Archbishop  Hughes  of  New  York,  and  other  clergy, 
both  English  and  American.  This  work  was  first 
printed  at  Bungay,  in  Suffolk,  England,  and  then  the 
plates  were  imported  into  the  United  States.  The 
New  York  edition  came  out  in  thirty-six  parts. 
There  are  twenty-eight  engravings  in  the  Old  Tes- 
tament and  sixteen  in  the  New. 

As  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  sixty  editions  of 
the  Douay  Bible  have  been  published  in  this  country. 
This  does  not  include  the  printing  of  separate  books 
of  the  Bible,  the  Epistles  and  Gospe.'s  of  the  Chris- 
tian year,  and  portions  of  Scripture  in  books  of  de- 
votion or  instruction. 


;7ij'<T««!t 


-••>  «i 


liiK 


'M 


irBW     TB8TAMBNT 


or   OUR  LORD    AND   KAVIOUR 


JESUS      CHRIST; 


TRAHtLATKlD   OIT    Ot 


Zm  arfgtnal  etmh, 

'iAJ<D  Vrirn    TlIK    iORMKR    TRANKI.ATIONS    I>IMGK!l'XLT 
F?S'i  cnMPAHJ:0  AND  Rtvtstn. 


I  .|.,jj.    -ijixT  OK  THE  COMMON  TllAXSJUiTIOK 

It  ABSAilVKn  IV  VARMBAMM,  SVCR  At  T«  tlRtX  RK^VIBM;  TRt 

):        vwvuaxsi  itt  tUArtKP*  Anjt  vKMxt  KBiffo  aoTcn 

lir  TRB  MAKOtff.  «' 


BTJABKES  HOtJBSE 

VrVOMT  IM   TBK    THSOtOQICAI.  RKMIRARV, 
f BTXCBTDS,    H,  J. 


PUBLISHED    BY    G.  &  C.  CARVltL 


1837. 


Fao-eimile  of  the  title  page  of  the  Paragraph  New  Testament  published, by 
Q.  &  C.  Carvill  in  New  York  in  1827.    Exact  size. 


EARLY  PARAGRAPH  BIBLES. 


! 


Paragraph  Bibles  have  been  extensively  used  in 
the  United  States,  and  various  editions  have  appeared 
from  time  to  time.  The  earlier  issues  were  confined 
to  the  New  Testament.  The  first  offered  to  the 
public  was  printed  in  Boston : 

"  Revised  Testament.  The  New  Testament  of 
our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  In  which  the 
Text  of  the  Common  Version  is  divided  into  para- 
graphs, the  Punctuation  in  many  cases  altered,  and 
some  words,  not  in  the  Original,  expunged.  Stereo- 
typed by  T.  H.  Carter  &  Co.,  Boston.  Published 
by  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.,  No.  i  Cornhill.    1824" 

The  book  is  a  duodecimo  of  297  pages.  It  is 
indorsed  by  no  editor  on  the  title-page,  though  the 
copyright  is  in  the  name  of  John  H.  VVilkins. 

A  Paragraph  Testament  appeared  in  the  same  city 
in  1827,  stereotyped  by  David  Hills,  and  printed  by 
F.  Ingraham  and  J.  Putnam.  The  sections  follow 
those  of  Griesbach,  and  the  punctuation  that  of 
Knapp's  Greek  Testament.     The  book  Is  an  8vo  of 

179 


i8o 


Early  Bibles. 


499  pages.  The  only  indication  of  editorship  is 
in  the  initials,  "  B.  G.,"  with  which  the  Advertise- 
ment is  signed.  There  was  a  reissue  of  this  book  in 
1831,  by  Stimpson  &  Clapp  of  Boston. 

The  first  edition  of  the  entire  Bible  printed  in  the 
paragraph  form  was  issued  in  1828.  The  size  is  a 
24mo  of  807  pages,  without  preface. 

Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
Testament  and  the  New;  Translated  out  of  the 
Original  Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations 
diligently  compared  and  revised.  Stereotyped  by 
J.  Howe,  Philadelphia.  New  York:  Published  by 
Daniel  D.  Smith,  No.  190  Greenwich  Street.      1828." 

William  Andrus  in  1842  published  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  a  small  Bible  arranged  on  the  same  plan. 

There  were  two  editions  of  Paragraph  Testaments 
and  Bibles  that  were  received  with  special  favor,  and 
had  a  large  circulation,  the  one  edited  by  the  Rev. 
James  Nourse,  and  the  other  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Coit. 
Mr.  Nourse  edited  his  first  Paragraph  Testament 
while  he  was  a  student  in  the  theological  seminary 
at  Princeton.  It  was  printed  by  D.  A.  Borrenstein 
of  that  place. 

Title-page :  "  New  Testament :  Arranged  in  par^ 
agraphs,  such  as  the  Sense  requires ;  the  division  of 
the  chapters  and  verses  being  noted  in  the  margin. 
By  James  Nourse,  Student  in  the  Theological  Semi- 


y 


Early  Paragraph  Bibles. 


l8l 


nary,  Princeton,  N.  J.     New  York:   Published  by 
G.  &  C.  Carvill.     1827." 

A  second  edition  of  this  book  was  published  by 
the  Sunday-School  Union  of  Philadelphia  in  1829. 
The  success  of  the  Testament  induced  Mr.  Nourse 
to  paragraph  the  whole  Bible,  which  appeared  in 

1834. 
Title-page:  "The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 

Testament    and    the    New,    translated    out    of    the 

Original   Tongues :    and  with    former  Translations 

diligently  compared  and  revised.     The  Text  of  the 

common  Translation  is  arranged  in  Paragraphs  such 

as  the  sense  requires :  the  divisions  of  Chapters  and 

Verses  being  noted  in  the  margin,  for  Reference. 

By  James  Nourse.     Boston :  Perkins,  Marvin  &  Co. 

Philadelphia:  Henry  Perkins.     1834." 

The  book  is  a  i2mo,  supplied  with  preface,  and 
having  1264  pages.  Editions  of  the  same  Bible  were 
published  in  1835  and  1836  in  Philadelphia,  and  in 
1845  by  Andrus  &  Son,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and 
in  1848  by  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society 
at  New  York. 

The  Rev.  James  Nourse  was  born  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  on  April  30,  1805.  He  graduated  at  Jeffer- 
son College  in  1823,  and  Princeton  Theological 
Seminary  in  1827.  His  ministerial  services  began 
with  the  Presbyterian  congregation  at  Germantown, 


I82 


Early  Bibles. 


Pa.,  where  he  remained  from  1828  to  1830.  His 
next  charge  was  at  East  Kishacoquillas,  Pa.,  which 
lasted  from  1831  to  1834.  He  was  then  called  to 
Perry ville,  Pa.,  where  he  Ir.bored  from  1834  to  1849. 
The  last  four  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to  teach- 
ing at  Washington,  D.  C.  His  death  took  place  at 
Salem,  la.,  July  6,  1854. 

The  Paragraph  Bible  edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  Coit  was 
published  in  Boston  in  1834. 

Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments ;  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Tongues,  and  with  the  former  translations  diligently 
compared  and  revised,  by  the  Command  of  King 
James  I.  Arranged  in  Paragraphs  and  Parallelisms, 
with  Philological  and  Explanatory  Annotations.  By 
T.  \V.  Coit,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Cam- 
bridge. Cambridge :  Printed  by  and  for  Manson  and 
Grant.  Boston:  Published  by  William  Peirce,  and 
sold  by  all  Booksellers  throughout  the  United 
States.      1834." 

This  Bible  is  a  duodecimo  of  1193  pages.  "The 
Editor's  Preface "  covers  six  pages,  followed  by 
"The  Translators  to  the  Reader,"  on  eleven  closely 
printed  pages.  Then  we  have  a  table  "  Of  the 
Jewish  and  other  Measures,  Weights  and  Coins  men- 
tioned in  the  Scriptures,"  also  "  Table  of  Measures, 
Weights  and  Coins  "  arranged  so  as  to  show  "  the 


Early  Paragraph  Bibles. 


183 


relative  proportion  of  each,  with  its  value  according 
to  the  American  standard."  "  On  the  Jewish  and 
Roman  modes  of  computing  time  mentioned  in 
Scripture  "  follows. 

The  verbal  difficulties  are  explained,  and  chronol- 
ogy noted  in  the  margins.  This  Bible  is  of  interest 
from  the  fact  that  it  was  the  first  Bible  printed  in 
America  that  contained  "  The  Address  of  the  Trans- 
lators to  the  Reader"  as  it  appeared  in  the  King 
James  vrision  of  161 1. 

Dr.  Coit  says  in  his  preface :  "Another  accompa- 
niment of  King  James's  Bible  was  the  Translators' 
Preface,  or  their  Address  to  the  Reader.  How  this 
has  fallen  into  such  desuetude  and  neglect,  as  to  be 
scarce  even  in  England,  while  the  Dedication,  which 
wants  in  critical  value  as  much  as  it  abounds  in 
panegyric,  has  been  printed  hundreds  of  times  by 
king-disliking  republicans,  it  is  not  easy  to  conjec- 
ture. For,  as  a  document  gratifying  to  the  curious, 
it  might  be  supposed  worthy  no  infrequent  repeti- 
tion, and  as  a  document  for  the  ecclesiastical  historian 
and  the  critic,  it  is  of  a  species  the  foremost  in  value. 
What  exigencies  occasioned  the  translation  in  use  ? 
How  and  by  whom  was  it  attempted  and  superin- 
tenued?  What  leading  objects  were  kept  in  view 
in  the  completion  of  the  work  ?  By  what  spirit  were 
Its  authors  prompted  ?     Under  what  rules  did  they 


1 84 


Early  Bibles. 


act,  and  what  objections  were  raised  against  th»ir 
labors?  These,  and  questions  akin  to  them,  are  full 
of  moment,  to  all  who  wish  to  ascertain  what  gave 
our  present  Bible  its  origin,  and  the  standard  for 
testing  its  merits."  Further,  Dr.  Coitsays:  "The 
Editor  must  enjoy  a  few  grains  of  satisfaction,  even 
if  with  many  his  labors  are  thankless,  in  being  the 
first  to  offer  his  countrymen  a  Bible  which,  in  some 
respects,  is  nearer  the  book  issued  by  our  Translators, 
than  any  ever  published  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
Indeed,  though  he  has  seen  many  American  Bibles, 
it  has  never  yet  been  his  fortune  to  meet  with  one 
(except  the  late  imperfect  reprint  of  the  Comprehen- 
sive Bible)  containing  the  Translators'  Address,  with 
all  their  various  readings." 

The  New  Testament  was  printed  separately  in  an 
'  dition  by  the  same  house  in  the  same  year.  Dr. 
Coit's  Bible  was  reprinted  in  London  in  1838.  An 
edition  of  the  New  Testament  with  copious  notes 
arranged  by  the  Rev.  George  Townsend,  which  had 
gained  a  wide  circulation  in  England,  was  revised 
and  paragraphed  by  Dr.  Coit  and  published  in  Bos- 
ton in  1837.  The  Old  Testament  part  was  treated 
in  a  like  manner,  and  appeared  from  the  press  of 
Perkins  &  Marvin  in  1838,  and  again  in  1839. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Coit,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
New  London,  Conn.,  June  28,  1803.     He  was  edu- 


Early  Paragraph  Bibles. 


185 


cated  at  Yale  College,  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1 82 1.  He  became  the  rector  of  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  1827,  and  two  years  later  was  called 
to  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  in  the  same  diocese. 
He  entered  upon  his  third  charge,  that  of  Trinity 
Churc!.,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  In  1839.  His  last 
parish  was  St.  Paul's  Church,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
remained  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  His 
scholarly  proclivities  naturally  brought  him  into  touch 
with  educational  institutions,  and  for  a  time  he  was 
a  professor  in  Trinity  Colle^;e,  Hartford,  Conn.,  and 
president  of  Transylvania  College,  Lexington,  Ky. 
In  1872  he  was  elected  professor  of  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory in  'he  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  Middletown, 
Conn.  He  died  at  this  place,  January  21,  1885. 
Dr.  Coit  was  the  author  of  several  books,  bearing 
chiefly  upon  church  history.  He  was  an  original 
thinker  and  a  terse  writer.  He  was  a  man  of  strong 
convictions,  and  equally  strong  and  brave  in  express- 
ing them.  As  a  scholar  he  made  an  impression  upon 
the  literature  of  his  day. 


EARLY   PRONOUNCING  BIBLES. 


Pronouncing  Bibles,  now  so  frequently  pub- 
lished, had  an  early  start  in  the  United  States.  In 
1822  Israel  Alger  of  Boston  edited  a  i2mo  Testa- 
ment of  this  kind,  which  for  a  small  book  has  rather 
a  weighty  title-page :  "  The  Pronouncing  Testament. 
The  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour,  &c. 
To  which  is  applied,  in  numerous  words,  the  orthoepy 
of  the  Critical  Pronouncing  Dictionary:  also  the 
Classical  Pronunciation  of  the  Proper  Names,  as  they 
stand  in  the  Text — scrupulously  adopted  from  *A 
Key  to  the  Classical  Pronunciation  of  Greek,  Latin, 
and  Scripture  Proper  Names.  By  John  Walker,  au- 
thor of  the  Critical  Pronouncing  Dictionary,  &c.'  By 
which  *  the  Proper  Names  are  accented  and  divided 
into  syllables  exactly  as  they  ought  to  be  pronounced, 
according  to  rules  drawn  from  analogy  and  the  best 
usage.'  To  which  is  prefixed,  An  Explanatory  Key. 
By    Israel   Alger,   Jun.,    A.M.,  Teacher  of  Youth, 

Author  of  Elements  of  Orthography,  and  the  New 

186 


THB 


HOLY  BIBLE, 

•Mn*uin 

tMUD  iilllD  IQllT  VS8TiVSIlIIV8$ 

nunufM 

OUT  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  TONGUES, 

An  wtm  Tint 
TKANaLATKMIS  DIUGESITLY  (XMIPAUD  AND  BEVUBD: 


.■! 


■  nonm  uaii  e»  wmea,  a«s  ugaiBovi  wan  wont,  ttna  AeenunuT 

Acenms  n  tbi  tut,  aid  nmio  nm  •«ua*u>,  *•  wur  ongBr  to  ■■ 

•■•to,  ACtauiira  to  tm  omioirT  o»  ion  «Atua,Ai 

wiTAn^s  m  ■■•  cutkal  rioKoiiiKim  -  DMnoRAiir  Am 

ur  TO  TMi  ciAMiCAi  rwimciATioir  or  oms, 

lATiK,  Am  Kurrimc  morim  iaioi. 


BY  ISRAEL  ALGER,  JVK.  A.  M. 


mrano  ahd  rvBuama  mr  Lincouf  *  amuam, 

Ko.  fiO,WMhiD(M»inMi,  (Sa^Cbnkili.) 


mMEorms  w  «,  ■.  cABtw  ft  co. 


-^ 


PajMtlmlle  of  the  title  page  of  the  Alger  Pronoiiiiciiig  Bible  printed  by 
Lincoln  and  iulmauds  at  Boston  in  1825.    Ueduced  size. 


Early  Pronouncing  Bibles, 


187 


Practical  Book-Keeper.  Boston:  Printed  and  Pub- 
lished by  Lincoln  &  Edmands,  No.  53  Cornhill. 
1822." 

The  same  edition  was  reissued  in  1823,  1828,  1830, 
and  1836. 

In  1825  Jeremiah  Goodrich  edited  a  New  Testa- 
ment very  much  upon  the  same  plan,  though  it  is 
also  known  as  the  Definition  Testament.  It  is  a 
i2mo,  with  an  elaborate  title-page,  which  reads: 
"  New  Testament,  &c.  From  which  is  selected  an 
Exte"'"*vaV<jcabulary,  comprising  the  Proper  Names 
and  c^'  '  et  important  words,  which  occur  in  the 
New  1>  "*  i.ent.  The  words  are  arranged  in  Col- 
umns and  placed  over  the  chapters  respectively 
from  which  they  are  selected ;  and  are  divided,  de- 
fined, and  pronounced  according  to  the  authorities 
of  the  celebrated  John  Walker.  The  words  in  the 
Vocabulary  and  their  corresponding  words  in  the 
Text  are  marked  with  characters  of  reference.  To 
which  's  prefixed  Walker's  Explanatory  Key,  gov- 
erning the  Vocabulary.  Embellished  with  several 
Engravings  of  Sacred  characters.  By  Jeremiah 
Goodrich.  Albany:  Published  and  Sold  wholesale 
and  retail  by  S.  Shaw,  Proprietor  of  the  copyright 
for  the  United  States.      1825." 

The  book  contains  333  pages,  and  is  supplied  with 
a  "  Table  of  Simple  and  Diphthongal  Vowels."    The 


1 88 


Early  Bibles. 


certificate  of  copyright  on  the  back  of  the  title-page 
is  dated  12  Oct.  1824. 

Mr.  Alger  not  only  edited  the  Pronouncing  New 
Testament,  but  extended  the  plan  to  the  entire 
Bible,  the  first  edition  of  which  appeared  in  1825. 
It  is  an  octavo  volume  of  932  pages.  The  general 
title-page  contains  a  vignette  of  Moses  striking  the 
rock,  and  the  New  Testament  title-page  a  repre- 
sentation of  Christ  sending  forth  His  disciples. 

The  title-page  is  in  these  words:  "The  Pronounc- 
ing Bible.  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments;  Translat.d  out  of  the  Original 
Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations  dili- 
gently compared  and  revised.  (Exodus  xvii.  6.)  The 
proper  Names  of  which,  and  numerous  other  words, 
being  accurately  accented  in  the  Text  and  divided 
into  syllables,  as  they  ought  to  be  pronounced,  ac- 
cording to  the  Orthoepy  of  John  Walker,  as  con- 
tained in  his  critical  pronouncing  Dictionary  and 
Key  to  the  Classical  pronunciation  of  Greek,  Latin, 
and  Scripture  proper  Names.  By  Israel  Alger,  Jun., 
A.M.  Boston:  Printed  and  Published  by  Lincoln 
&  Edmands,  No.  59  Washington-Street  (53  Cornhill). 
Stereotyped  by  T.  H.  Carter  &  Co.     1825." 

There  was  a  reissue  of  this  Bible  with  new  title- 
pages  in  1826  by  the  same  publishers.  In  later 
years  the  Alger  Bible  was  issued  by  other  firms. 


/ 


/ 


Early  Pronouncing  Bibles. 


189 


In  time  John  Wulker's  Dictionary  ceased  to  be  used, 
but  the  Pronouncing  Bibles  continued  to  be  pub- 
lished, based  upon  more  recent  authorities.  The 
Rev.  William  L.  Chaffin  thus  writes  of  the  editor  of 
the  tirst  Pronouncing  Testament:^  "The  Rev.  Israel 
Alger,  son  of  Israel  and  Rachael  (Howard)  Alger, 
was  born  in  Easton,  June  3,  1787.  He  became 
early  interested  in  religion,  and  began  tio  preach  in 
the  Baptist  Church  at  West  Bridgewater  when  only 
nineteen  years  old.  He  then  fitted  himself  for 
Brown  University,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  181 1,  receiving  later  the  degree  of  A.M.  He  re- 
turned home  to  preach,  but  was  not  strong  enough 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  minister.  He  therefore 
removed  to  Boston  and  established  a  private  school, 
being  for  a  few  years  master  also  of  the  old  Mayhew 
School.  He  was,  with  one  exception,  more  of  a 
literary  character  than  any  other  son  of  Easton, 
though  his  books  were  not  very  original,  being 
mainly  adaptations  of  school-books,  chiefly  gram- 
matical and  linguistic.  He  published  a  new  '  Practi- 
cal Book-Keeper,*  and  in  182 1  the  'Elements  of 
Orthography.'  In  1823  and  1824  he  published  a 
number  of  Lindley  Murray's  works,  which  he  re- 
vised and  improved ;  among  them  were  *  The  Pro- 
nouncing  Introducer,'    '  The    Pronouncing   English 

1  "  History  of  the  Town  of  Easton,  Mass.,"  p.  693, 


I90 


Early  Bibles. 


Reader,'  '  The  English  Teacher  or  Private  Learner's 
Guide,'  '  Murray's  English  Exercises,'  and  '  Alger's 
Murray.'  The  latter  is  highly  spoken  of.  In  1825 
he  published  '  Alger's  Perry,'  which  is  a  revised 
spelling-book.     He  died  in  Easton,  September  23, 


1825." 


\v 


Learner's 
I  'Alger's 
In  1825 
1  revised 
tnber  2^, 


/ 


THE 


s  t 


HOJLY  BIBLE, 


tMTArsixn  rmt 


OLD  AND  NEW  TESTAMENTS: 


1  t 


tMJasuxna  ovt  o» 


THE  ORIGINAL  TONGUES. 


J^KS  WITS 


TIffi  FORMER  TRANSL.\TIONS  DIUGENTLY  COMPARED 
AND  REVISED. 


NEW-YORK: 


\V 


STEMOTWED  A»0  rniKTED  >T  ».  b  «.  ,„„, 


1815. 


FacHsimile  of  the  title  page  of  the  flrst  Bible  printed  ia  America  from  stereotyped 
plates  made  in  the  United  States.    Kxuct  size. 


FIRST  STEREOTYPED  EDITIONS. 


William  Ged  of  Edinburgh,  who  was  the  inven- 
tor of  stereotyping,  applied  this  process  in  producing 
books  in  1725,  in  London.  He  was  not  very  suc- 
cessful, as  he  issued  but  two  publications,  first  a 
prayer-book,  and  then  a  copy  of  Sallust.  So  the 
first  book  that  was  stereotyped  was  a  book  that 
contained  portions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  During 
Ged's  lifetime  his  invention  did  not  become  general. 
Firmin  Didot,  a  member  of  a  family  of  noted 
printers  of  France,  revived  the  art  in  1795,  and 
printed  a  large  number  of  books  in  this  way.  He 
gave  it  the  designation  by  which  it  is  known,  that  of 
"  stereotyping." 

Karl  Hildebrand,  the  Count  of  Canstein,  became 
deeply  interested  in  the  circulation  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  established  at  Halle,  Germany,  in  17 10,  the  Bible 
Society  bearing  his  name.  In  1 712  he  issued  a  ster- 
eotyped edition  of  the  New  Testament,  which  was 
published  at  so  slight  a  cost  that  it  sold  for  a  sum 
equivalent  to  eight  cents.      In  1713  he  issued  the 

191 


192 


Early  Bibles. 


entire  German  Bible  in  stereotyped  form.  In  the 
year  1805  stereotyping  was  again  used  in  England, 
and  ere  long  was  extensively  employed  in  book- 
making. 

There  were  early  efforts  at  stereotyping  in  this 
country  that  did  not  succeed.  Thomas  writes:' 
"About  the  year  1775  an  attempt  at  stereotype 
printing  was  made  by  Benjamin  Mecom,  printer, 
nephew  of  Dr.  Franklin.  He  cast  the  plates  for  a 
number  of  pages  of  the  New  Testament,  but  never 
completed  them." 

The  first  stereotyped  Bible  in  the  United  States 
came  from  the  press  of  the  Philadelphia  Bible  Soci- 
ety in  181 2.  The  printing  was  done  here,  but  the 
plates  were  imported  from  England.  The  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society  were  interested  in  the 
undertaking,  and  donated  five  hundred  dollars  to 
the  Philadelphia  Society,  to  help  defray  expenses. 
The  United  States  Government  regarded  the  effort 
with  favor,  by  admitting  the  plates  free  of  duty. 

Title-page:  "The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments :  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations  diligently 
Compared  and  Revised.  Stereotype  Edition.  Ster- 
eotyped for  the  Bible  Society  at  Philadelphia.  By 
T.  Rutt,  Shackle  well,  London.      18 12." 


I  Thomas's  "  History  of  Printing  in  America,"  vol.  i.,  p.  32. 


First  Stereotyped  Editions. 


193 


The  book  is  without  preface,  and  is  a  duodecimo 
of  825  pages. 

The  first  Bible  printed  from  stereotyped  plates 
made  in  the  United  States  came  from  the  press  of 
D.  &  G.  Bruce  of  New  York  City,  in  18 15.  The 
senior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  David  Bruce,  was 
the  leader  in  this  enterprise,  and  to  his  energy  and 
pluck  the  publication  owes  its  existence.  He  pur- 
sued the  idea  through  all  difficulties,  until  success 
crowned  his  efforts. 

Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments :  Translated  out  of  the  Original 
Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations  diligently 
compared  and  revised.  New  York :  Stereotyped 
and  Printed  by  D.  &  G.  Bruce,  No.  2"]  William  Street. 

1815." 

The  book  is  a  i2mo  of  1209  pages.  On  the  back 
of  the  general  title-page  are  these  words  :  "  This  first 
American  Stereotyped  Bible  has  been  copied  from  the 
Edinburgh  edition  printed  under  the  revision  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Kirk  of  Scotland,  and  care- 
fully compared  with  the  Cambridge,  Oxford,  Hart- 
ford, and  New  York  editions."  The  book  is  without 
notes,  but  there  are  headings  to  the  chapters  and 
columns.     A  recent  publication  ^  gives  the  following 


1  "  The  American  Dictionary  of  Printing  and  Jdookmaking, "  pp. 
72,  73- 


194 


Eariy  Bibks. 


account  of  the  printer  who  was  identified  with  the 
first  stereotyping  in  this  country : 

"  David  Bruce,  the  type-founder,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Wick,  County  of  Caithness,  Scotland,  on 
November  12,  1770.  His  father  was  a  farmer  who 
had  been  unfortunate  in  business  and  removed  to 
Edinburgh  with  a  large  family.  David  went  to  sea 
when  a  boy  and  was  impressed  into  the  Channel 
fleet  under  Lord  Howe.  At  nineteen  he  returned 
to  Edinburgh,  where,  in  the  king's  printing-office, 
he  learned  the  trade  of  printing.  Immediately  after 
completing  his  term  he  emigrated  to  America,  land- 
ing in  New  York  in  the  year  1793.  In  1794  he  was 
employed  by  Hall  &  Sellers  of  Philadelphia,  the  suc- 
cessors to  Franklin.  A  few  years  after  he  returned 
to  New  York,  and  in  1806,  in  conjunction  with  his 
brother  George,  established  the  firm  of  D.  &  G.  Bruce, 
printers.  They  rapidly  increased  their  business,  and 
in  1 81 2  David  Bruce  determined  to  acquire  a  know- 
ledge of  the  art  of  stereotyping,  which  had  then  been 
known  some  ten  years  in  Great  Britain,  and  took 
passage  for  England.  He  could  get  no  competent 
person  to  instruct  him,  but  by  close  observation  and 
the  expenditure  of  considerable  money  thought  he 
had  the  essential  portion,  and  returned.  In  the  act- 
ual making  of  plates  here  he  was  preceded  by  John 
Watts,  but  the  latter  relinquished  business  in  181 5 


First  Stereotyped  Editions. 


195 


or  1816,  and  never  did  much  work.  Bruce  intro- 
duced a  number  of  improvements,  and  stereotyping 
soon  became  more  common  and  better  done  here 
than  in  Great  Britain.  In  181 3  he  and  his  brother 
also  began  type-founding,  which  increased  so  much 
that  they  finally  abandoned  both  printing  and  stereo- 
typing, making  letter-casting  their  sole  busit /^ss.  In 
1822  they  dissolved  partnership,  David  Bruce  retir- 
ing to  a  farm,  but  returning  for  a  brief  period  to  Nc  .v 
York  several  years  after  as  a  type-founder.  After 
this  was  concluded  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
days  upon  his  farm,  but  died  in  Brooklyn  on  March 
I5>  1857,  aged  eighty-seven,  while  on  a  visit  to  hi% 
son,  David  Bruce,  Jr." 

The  first  quarto  Bible  stereotyped  in  America  was 
from  the  establishment  of  B.  &  J.  Collins  of  New 
York,  in  18 16.  The  stereotyping  process  was  under 
the  direction  of  John  Watts,  an  Englishman  who  was 
well  versed  in  the  art. 

Title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments:  Together  with  ti,.-  Apocry- 
pha: Translated  out  of  the  Original  Tongues,  and 
with  the  former  Translations  diligently  compared 
and  revised;  with  Canne's  Mare-iiial  Notes  and 
References.  To  which  are  added,  An  Index ;  An 
Alphabetical  Table  of  a)l  the  Names  in  the  Old  and 
New   Testaments  with    their   Significations;    Table 


196 


Early  Bibles. 


of  Scripture  Weights,  Measures,  and  Coins ;  John 
Brown's  Concordance,  &c.  Embellished  with  Maps 
and  elegant  Historical  Engravings.  Stereotyped  by 
B.  &  J.  Collins,  New  York.  New  York :  Printed  and 
Sold  by  Collins  and  Co.  Sold  by  all  the  principal 
Booksellers  in  the  United  States.      18 16." 

The  Bible  contains  Dr.  "VVitherspoon's  address  "  To 
the  Reader,"  the  same  that  appeared  in  the  Collins 
edition  printed  at  Trenton  in  179 1.  It  has  twenty 
copper-plate  engravings  and  four  maps.  It  was  is- 
sued in  two  styles,  the  one  on  fine  and  the  other  on 
coarse  paper.  The  type  is  small  pica.  The  better 
edition  has  a  larger  number  of  plates  than  the  cheaper 
form,  and  sold  for  $18.50.  Some  copies  have  the 
Apocrypha,  and  others  are  without  it.  Some  have 
Ostervald's  Notes  and  Concordance,  and  others  are 
without  these.  The  Concordance  was  the  work  of 
.  the  Rev.  John  Brown  of  Haddington,  Scotland. 

The  first  stereotyped  Bible  published  by  the 
American  Bible  Society  made  its  appearance  in  18 16, 
with  this  title-page :  "  The  Holy  Bible,  containing 
the  Old  and  New  Testaments :  Translated  out  of  the 
original  Tongues,  and  with  the  former  Translations 
diligently  compared  and  revised.  New  York :  Ster- 
eotyped by  E.  &  J.  White,  for  '  The  New  York  Bible 
Society '  and  '  The  Auxiliary  New  York  Bible  Soci- 
ety.'    1 8 16."     The  New  Testament  title-page  con- 


First  Stereotyped  Editions. 


197 


tains  the  line  "  Published  by  the  American  Bible 

Society."      As  this  society  was  organized  in  18 16 

this  is  the  first  book  bearing  their  imprint.     The 

publication  of  this  volume  was  anticipated  by  the 

following 

Circular. 

The  great  increase  of  Bible  Societies  in  this  Country  has  created  a 
demand  for  the  Holy  Scriptures,  which  the  present  printing  establish- 
ments that  furnish  them  at  a  cheap  rate  appear  unable  to  supply. 

It  is  moreover  highly  desirable  to  have  a  common  Bible  printed  on 
a  larger  type  than  those  now  in  use,  and  to  be  obtained  at  a  low  price. 

Under  these  impressions,  the  New  York  Bible  Society  and  the 
Auxiliary  New  York  Bible  Society  have  determined,  jointly  to  pro- 
cure a  set  of  Stereotype  plates  for  the  Scriptures,  of  a  letter  and  form 
combining  the  above  mentioned  advantages,  in  order  to  have  it  in  their 
power  to  furnish  sister  Institutions  therewith  as  cheap  as  practicable, 
and  to  the  extent  of  existing  wants. 

These  two  Societies  have  appointed  their  joint  Committee,  with  au- 
thority to  contract,  on  their  behalf,  for  the  plates,  and  print  the  first 
edition  of  this  Bible.  As  this  undertaking  will  occasion  an  expense 
far  exceeding  the  funds  of  these  Societies,  the  Committee  are  instructed 
to  solicit  contributions,  and  obtain  such  other  assistance  as  may  be 
necessary  to  carry  the  design  into  effect. 

A  contract  has  been  entered  into  with  a  s  iilful  founder  in  this  city 
for  a  set  of  Stereotype  plates.  The  first  of  them  has  been  executed, 
and  an  impression  therefrom  is  hereto  anaexed,  as  a  specimen  of  the 
typography  of  the  work. 

It  is  expected  that  the  whole  Bible  will  make  about  44  sheets,  or 
1056  pages,  large  duodecimo. 

It  will  probably  be  offered  to  Societies,  on  ordinary  paper,  at  50  to 
55  cents  per  copy  in  sheets,  and  in  good  sheep  binding  at  about  75 
cents. 

It  is  contemplated  to  print  some  copies  on  fine  and  some  on  super- 
fine paper,  for  sale  to  booksellers  and  others,  at  a  moderate  advance, 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Societies  who  have  undertaken  the  work. 


198 


Early  Bibles. 


It  is  expected  that  one  half  of  the  plates  will  be  finished  by  the  be- 
ginning of  February  next,  when  it  is  intended  to  begin  the  printing  of 
the  Bible.  The  first  edition  will  probably  be  completed,  and  a  num- 
ber of  copies  in  sheets  be  ready  for  delivery  by  May  next. 

Those  who  desire  to  obtain  a  quantity  will  please  to  make  known 
their  intentions  to  the  Committee  as  early  as  practicable,  in  order  that 
arrangements  may  be  made  in  due  season  for  striking  off  the  requisite 
number  of  copies. 

Those  Societies  who  may  have  it  in  their  power  to  make  advances 
in  whole  or  in  part,  for  any  number  of  copies  which  they  think  proper 
to  order,  will  be  repaid  out  of  the  first  edition  to  be  published. 

John  E.  Caldwell. 

Samuel  Whiting. 

Zechariah  Lewis. 

Henry  W.  Warner. 

William  B.  Crosby. 

Robert  Sedgwick. 
New  York,  Nov.,  1815. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  first  folio  stereotyped  Bible 
published  in  the  United  States  was  printed  by  Silas 
Andrus  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1829.  There  is  no 
reason  to  doubt  this  claim.  The  book  has  Dr.  With- 
erspoon's  preface,  followed  by  an  "  Account  of  the 
Lives,  Sufferings,  &c.,  of  the  Evangelists  and  Apos- 
tles." The  frontispiece  to  the  Old  Testament  is  an 
engraving  by  Balch  of  "  Jacob  and  Rachel,"  while 
the  frontispiece  of  the  New  Testament  is  a  repre- 
sentation of  "  The  Ascension  "  by  the  artist  J.  G. 
Kellogg.  ^  , 


1 


;™*  ^M^ 


COtiliATERAIi  BIBIiE} 


A  sav 


lOTOft 


HOLY  SCRIPTUIIES: 


Hi  inam  tU.  not  oanuHtoiaMiN  tbiis  mh  ■Boooirr  ToomiBR  into  onf.  view,  and 

iUUUINlUr  n  A  rilUUM  MB  RUY  MAimCR. 


BTWILUAM  M<COIUCLE. 

*«MnT.D  BT  THE  IBT.  BSM  niUI  KLT,  O.  D.  AMI  Tin  HT.  CHEOORr  T.  mtttO,  A.  N. 


>  Te4i>«r,Mtkin>lMHicSa<|)(timw*llMpmnr«riM.  ilM.i>il.N. 

:  «— til  H»  gqiplmn    Uwy  ■»  llwy  wMch  millV  oft.  Mni.M. 

I  TWyrecriTidlht (Old wttkiUimliMMiir Iliad, •ii4MiRlic4tlMMllplam4>llr,«kHkltllM«*hiii|**a«ii>>  Jrttnii.  II. 

!  CaniMriflf  ipliitail  Ihifigt  villi  ipmtiul.    1  Oir.  U.  13. 

Ai>il,b<(iiiM(UlloK<,>iidillthcpnpta«h*ti|iMKMnMatlicminillth<lktlMiinillHllil^  iMttair,  IT. 

And  Khtj  iwl  nm  la  aMXhn,  Did  not  our  htut  kurii  williili  n,  vMt  be  Ultod  viol  ■■  lif  tli«  mjr,  ind  vhile  ke  0|>ntd  lo  ii>  tiM  Scilpd 
M>  iii«.  31. 

rorllwartlialMlll>iMlc4«iUitlwki<awM(<orikt|il«yortlnLM>,MtlwnMnra««rliwin.  JM.ii.l4. 


PHtLADELPHMi 

PIUURHED  DT  SAMUEL  F.  BRABFOnr. 
r.  DLPii  it  E.  wiirre,  new-voiik. 

I  ■•amrs,  raiHTKi. 


1126 


Kac-simile  of  tht>  title  page  of  the  Collateral  Bible  printed  at  rhiladclphia 
by  .Samuel  K.  Bradford  in  !82(!.    Uediioed  size. 


SPECIAL  EDITIONS. 


As  a  rule,  Bible  societies  publish  the  Scriptures 
"without  note  or  comment."  This  is  a  wise  plan, 
for  it  secures  the  widest  circulation  of  the  Word  of 
God.  Many  editions  of  the  Bible  have  come  and 
gone,  which  had  special  features  in  the  way  of  notes 
and  pious  reflections,  or  specialties  in  the  shape  of 
certain  helps  .'- applied  by  scholars.  In  early  times, 
when  a  person  bo^-ght  a  Bible,  he  found  between  the 
covers  not  only  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  but  a 
commentary  in  the  notes  attached,  a  concordance  at 
the  end,  and  a  small  dictionary  in  the  Introduction 
and  Tables.  These  special  editions  had  their  day, 
and  fell  into  disuse,  for  very  evident  reasons.  The 
numerous  comments  made  the  volume  too  bulky 
for  convenience  and  general  use.  Again,  the  notes 
were  likely  to  be  one-sided,  and  expressive  of  cer- 
tain shades  of  belief,  so  that  a  man's  theology  might 
be  judged  by  his  Bible,  from  its  being  supplied  with 
comments  by  Doddridge,  or  those  of  D'Oyley  and 
Mant,     However  acceptable  the  annotations  might 

199 


20O 


Early  Bibles. 


be  for  a  time,  eventually  they  went  out  of  date,  and 
were  superseded  by  a  later  scholarship,  as  in  the  case 
of  thousands  of  other  books.  Moreover,  in  the  last 
half-century  commentaries,  Bible  dictionaries,  and 
concordances,  have  grown  into  great  volumes,  and 
constitute  a  distinct  class  of  literature.  They  have 
found  their  true  places  aside  from  the  inspired  words 
of  the  Bible.  The  old  editions  are,  however,  worthy 
of  our  study,  as  they  served  their  time,  and  were 
helpful  to  many  readers. 

Of  the  early  Bibles  that  contained  "  practical  ob- 
servations," the  one  that  had  the  largest  circulation, 
and  sustained  it  through  many  years,  was  edited 
by  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  D.D.,  an  English  clergyman. 
The  first  American  edition  was  printed  and  pub- 
lished by  W.  Woodward  of  Philadelphia  in  1804. 
It  is  a  quarto  of  four  volumes.  Other  issues  fol- 
lowed by  different  publishers,  though  most  of  the 
editions  came  from  the  press  of  Woodward  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  that  of  Samuel  T.  Armstrong  of  Bos- 
ton. The  most  popular  form  of  the  book  was  an 
octavo  of  six  volumes.  Scott's  Bible  had  a  continu- 
ous sale  for  more  than  forty  years.  As  late  as  1844, 
W.  E.  Dean,  2  Ann  Street,  New  York,  published  an 
edition  in  three  volumes.  The  extended  sale  which 
attended  Dr.  Scott's  work  was  due  to  its  value,  for 
as  a  commentary  it  was  superior  to  any  that  had 


Special  Editions. 


201 


appeared  during  the  years  before  its  time.  Home, 
usually  a  discriminating  judge,  speaks  of  it  in  high 
praise.  He  writes i^  "The  capital  excellency  of  this 
valuable  and  immense  undertaking,  perhaps,  consists 
in  following,  more  closely  than  any  other,  the  fair  and 
adequate  meaning  of  every  part  of  Scripture,  with- 
out regard  to  the  niceties  of  human  systems ;  it  is,  in 
every  sense  of  the  expression,  a  scriptural  comment. 
It  has  likewise  a  further  and  strong  recommenda- 
tion in  its  originality.  Every  part  of  it  is  thought 
out  by  the  author  for  himself,  not  borrowed  from 
others.  The  later  editions,  indeed,  are  enriched 
with  brief  and  valuable  quotations  from  several 
writers  of  credit,  but  the  substance  of  the  work  is 
entirely  his  own.  It  is  not  a  compilation,  it  is  an 
original  production,  in  which  you  have  the  deliberate 
judgment  of  a  masculine  and  independent-  mind  on 
all  parts  of  Holy  Scripture.  Every  student  will 
understand  the  value  of  such  a  work.  Further,  it 
is  the  comment  of  our  age,  presenting  many  of  the 
last  lights  which  history  casts  on  the  interpretation 
of  prophecy,  giving  several  of  the  remarks  which 
sound  criticism  has  accumulated  from  the  differ- 
ent branches  of  sacred  literature,  obviating  the  chief 
objections  which  modern  annotators  have  advanced 
against  some  of  the  distinguishing  doctrines  of  the 

1  Home's  "  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,"  p.  259. 


202 


Early  Bibles. 


gospel,  and  adapting  the  instructions  of  Scripture  to 
the  peculiar  circumstances  of  the  times  in  which  we 
live."  Home  is  also  the  authority  for  the  statement 
that  of  Scott's  Bibles  "  twenty- five  thousand  two 
hundred  and  fifty  copies  were  sold  in  the  United 
States  of  America  from  1808  to  1819." 

Another  name  familiar  to  those  who  remember  the 
old  Bibles  is  that  of  Philip  Doddridge,  an  English 
Congregationalist,  who  edited  "  The  Family  Exposi- 
tor." The  first  American  from  the  eighth  London 
edition  was  printed  by  S.  Etheridge  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1807.  It  is  in  six  octavo  volumes,  and 
consists  of  a  paraphrase  of  the  New  Testament,  with 
the  history  of  Christ  arranged  in  the  order  of  a  har- 
mony. It  contained  also  a  life  of  Dr.  Doddridge. 
In  the  same  year  an  abridged  form  of  the  "  Exposi- 
tor "  was  printed  by  Lincoln  &  Gleason  of  Hartford, 
Conn.  In  1839  Charles  McFarland  of  Amherst, 
Mass.,  published  an  edition  of  the  Doddridge  New 
Testament,  in  octavo  form,  with  an  introductory 
essay  by  Moses  Stuart.  The  title-page  contains  the 
words  "Thirteenth  Edition."  This  issue  was  re- 
peated in  1846.  Robert  Carter  &  Brothers  of  New 
York  in  1857  published  the  "Expositor"  in  royal 
octavo. 

Another  well-known  name  to  readers  of  the  old- 
time  Bibles  is  that  of  Matthew  Henry,  a  Presbyterian 


special  Editions. 


203 


minister  of  England.  An  English  writer  says:* 
"  Henry's  '  Exposition,'  the  work  by  which  he  is 
now  chiefly  remembered,  is  a  commentary  of  a 
practical  and  devotional  rather  than  of  a  critical 
kind,  ranging  over  the  whole  of  the  Old  Testament 
and  extending  into  the  New  as  far  as  the  end  of  the 
Acts.  At  this  point  it  was  broken  off  by  the  au- 
thor's death,  but  the  work  was  finished  by  a  number 
of  clergymen,  whose  names  are  recorded  in  m®st 
editions  of  the  book.  In  a  critical  point  of  view,  it 
may  be  said  to  be  quite  valueless ;  yet  its  unfailing 
good  sense,  its  discriminating  thought,  its  high  moral 
tone,  its  simple  piety,  and  its  altogether  singular 
felicity  of  practical  application,  combine  with  the 
well-sustained  flow  of  its  racy  English  style  to  secure 
for  it,  and  deservedly,  the  foremost  place  among 
works  of  its  class."  The  first  edition  of  the  "Ex- 
position "  in  this  country  appeared  in  Philadelphia 
in  1 8 16.  It  was  published  by  Towar  &  Hogan  in 
six  volumes,  ^hey  also  issued  a  stereotyped  edition 
in  three  volumes  in  1829.  Burder  &  Hughes  edited 
in  the  same  city  in  1828  six  octavo  volumes  of  the 
Commentary,  accompanied  with  a  preface  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Alexander. 

Among  Bible  expositors  stands  the  name  of  Rev. 
Adam    Clarke,   LL.D.,   a   Wesleyan    minister,   who 


1  "  Encyclopcedia  Britannica,"  vol.  xi.,  p.  676. 


304 


Early  Bibles. 


attained  a  high  reputation  as  a  student  of  Oriental 
languages.  The  first  volume  of  his  Commentary 
was  printed  in  London  in  i8io,  and  the  eighth, 
which  was  also  the  last,  in  1826.  Ezra  Sargeant,  86 
Broadway,  New  York,  published  in  181 1  the  first 
American  edition  of  this  work.  It  is  a  quarto  of  six 
volumes,  and  was  i.ssued  in  parts.  The  scope  of  this 
Commentary  is  expressed  in  its  own  words :  "  In  this 
work  the  whole  of  the  text  has  been  collated  with 
the  Hebrew  and  Greek  originals,  and  all  the  ancient 
versions ;  the  most  difficult  words  analyzed  and  ex- 
plained;  the  most  important  readings  in  the  He- 
brew collections  of  Kennicott  and  De  Rossi  on  the 
Old  Testament,  and  in  those  of  Mill,  Wetstein,  and 
Griesbach  on  the  New,  are  noticed;  the  date  of 
every  transaction,  as  far  as  it  has  been  ascertained 
by  the  best  chronologcrs,  is  marked;  the  peculiar 
customs  of  the  Jews  and  neighboring  nations,  so  fre- 
quently alluded  to  by  the  prophets,  evangelists,  and 
apostles,  are  explained  from  thr-  best  Asiatic  author- 
ities ;  the  great  doctrines  of  the  Law  and  Gospel  of 
God  are  defined,  illustrated,  and  defended ;  and  the 
whole  is  applied  to  the  important  purposes  of  prac- 
tical Christianity." 

Dr.  Clarke's  Commentary,  including  only  the  New 
Testament,  was  printed  in  one  octavo  volume  in 
Philadelphia  in  1846,  and  again  in  1857. 


Sped  a  i  Editions. 


205 


The  Rev.  George  D'Oyley,  D.D.,  and  the  Rev. 
Richard  Mant,  D.D.,  chaplains  to  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  edited  an  edition  of  tlit-  Bible  "  with 
notes  explanatory  and  practical,  taken  principally 
from  the  most  eminent  writers  of  the  United  Church 
of  England  and  Ireland,"  which  was  published  by 
the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge  in 
1814  in  Oxford  and  London.  The  editors  claim  to 
have  made  no  extended  exposition  of  their  own,  but 
to  have  given  the  opinions  of  others,  after  having 
consulted  more  than  one  hundred  and  sixty  authors. 
The  American  reprint  bears  the  firm  name  of  T.  &  J. 
Swords,  160  Pearl  Street,  New  York.  It  was  issued 
in  two  quarto  volumes,  the  first  appearing  in  1818, 
and  the  second  in  1820.  This  edition  has  additional 
notes  from  the  pen  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  John  H.  Hobart, 
D.D.,  Bishop  of  New  York,  who  quotes  from  a  large 
number  of  biblical  scholars,  mainly  in  the  Anglican, 
Scottish,  and  American  Episcopal  Churches,  who 
had  not  been  noticed  by  the  English  editors.  Home 
gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  Bishop  Hobart  greatly 
enhanced  the  value  of  this  Family  Bible. 

The  Rev.  J.  F.  Ostervald,  a  French  minister  at 
Neufchatel,  Switzerland,  supplied  the  chapters  of  the 
Bible  "  with  moral  and  theological  observations." 
These  were  originally  in  French,  but  were  translated 
for  English  and  American  editions.     A  quarto  Bible 


ao6 


Early  Bibles. 


with  Ostervald's  "Observations"  appeared  in  1813 
with  this  imprint :  "  New  York :  Published  by  Kvert 
Duyckinck,  John  Tiebout,  G.  &  R.  Waite,  and  VVeb- 
sters  &  Skinners  of  Albany.     George  Long,  Printer." 

"  The  Devotional  Family  Bible  "  was  edited  by 
the  Rev.  Alexander  Fletcher,  D.D.,  "  with  practical 
and  experimental  reflections  on  each  verse  of  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments,  and  rich  marginal  refer- 
ences." An  edition  in  quarto  with  fifty-seven  illus- 
trations was  published  with  this  imprint :  "  London 
and  New  York:  Virtue,  Kmmins  and  Company." 
The  title-page  has  no  date,  though  O'Callaghan  as- 
signs the  publication  to  the  year  1835. 

In  1826  "The  Collateral  Bible"  made  its  appear- 
ance with  the  following  imprint :  "  Philadelphia : 
Printed  by  Samuel  Y.  Bradford,  and  by  E.  Bliss  and 
E.  White,  New  York.  J.  Harding,  Printer.  1826." 
This  book  was  edited  by  William  McCorkle,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  Ezra  Stiles  Ely,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian 
minister,  and  the  Rev.  Gregory  T.  Bedell,  A.M., 
rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Church.  It  was  published  in 
three  quarto  volumes.  "  In  this  work,"  says  Horne,^ 
"  the  best  marginal  references  are  printed  at  large, 
and  in  connection  with  every  passage,  by  which 
means  every  parallel  or  related  phrase  in  the  sacred 
volume  is  brought  at  once  under  the  eye,  so  as  to 

1  Home's  "  Biblical  Bibliography,"  p.  86. 


Special  Editions. 


207 


present  the  whole  scope  and  subject  of  every  text  at 
a  sinj^le  view.  On  some  passages  the  references  are 
extremely  copious."  The  three  volumes  comprised 
only  the  Old  Testament,  as  the  New  Testament  part 
was  never  attempted.  The  same  plan  was  carried 
out  in  the  Scientia  Bibles  of  England  and  in  some  of 
the  Bagster  publications. 

"The  Comprehensive  Bible"  of  1839  bears  the 
name  of  a  New  York  firm,  that  of  "  Robinson  & 
Franklin,  successors  to  Leavitt,  Lord  &  Co.,  180 
Broadway."  The  book,  which  is  a  thick  quarto  of 
1460  pages,  was  "stereotyped  by  James  Conner, 
Franklin  Buildings."  The  parallel  passages  are 
taken,  as  the  title-page  states,  from  the  Canne, 
Clarke,  Brown,  Blayney,  Wilson,  Scott,  and  Bagster 
Bibles.  The  introduction  is  written  in  eight  chap- 
ters, extending  over  forty  pages.  The  editor  in 
the  preface  sa)'s  the  number  of  the  references 
"  is  nearly  a  half-million,"  and  that  "  the  notes  are 
exclusively  philological  and  explanatory,  and,  con- 
sequently, are  not  tinctured  with  the  sentiments  of 
any  sect  or  party."  At  the  back  is  "  A  Chrono- 
logical Index  to  the  Holy  Bible  according  to  the 
computation  of  Archbishop  Usher,  showing  in  what 
year  of  the  world,  and  what  year  before  Christ,  or 
after  Christ,  each  event  happened,  and  the  places 
of  Scripture  where  they  are  recorded ;  interspersed 


20S 


Early  Bibles. 


with  the  principal  events  in  profane  history."  This 
is  followed  by  an  "  Index  to  the  subjects  contained 
in  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,"  very  much  on  the 
plan  of  a  concordance.  This  Bible  is  a  reprint  of 
the  London  edition  which  was  edited  by  William 
Greenfield.  The  American  issue  was  also  published 
by  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.  of  Philadelphia  in  1854 
and  1855,  and  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  in  1857. 

"  The  Cottage  Bible,"  by  Thomas  Williams,  re- 
edited  by  Rev.  William  Patton,  was  printed  in  two 
octavo  volumes  by  Conner  &  Cooke,  New  York,  in 
1833.  It  contains  numerous  engravings  and  several 
maps.  The  notes  are  designed  to  give  much  infor- 
mation, and  are  general  rather  than  critical.  The 
book  was  intended  chiefly  for  the  use  of  Sunday 
Schools  and  Bible-classes.  The  plates  were  sold  by 
the  New  York  printers,  and  in  after  years  the  edi- 
tions v/ere  issued  at  Hartford,  Conn. 

"  The  Christian's  New  and  Complete  Family  Bible  " 
was  one  of  the  earliest  productions  of  the  press  in 
Philadelphia,  being  published  by  William  Woodhouse 
of  that  city  in  1 790.  It  was  isiL-ued  in  numbers,  and 
the  Rev.  Paul  Wright,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Oakley,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  editor. 

"  Boston :  Published  by  Joseph  Teal,  printed  by 
J.  H.  A.  Frost,  opposite  U.  S.  Bank,  Congress  Street, 
1822,"  is  the  imprint  on  the  title-page  of  "  The  Co- 


-  ^ 


Special  Editions 


209 


lumbian  Family  and  Pulpit  Bible,"  the  issue,  in  its 
own  words,  "  being  a  corrected  and  improved  Amer- 
ican edition  of  the  Popular  English  Family  Bible." 
It  claims  to  be  supplied  "  with  concise  notes  and  an- 
notations, theological,  historical,  chronological,  crit- 
ical, practical,  moral,  and  explanatory."  Also,  as 
containing  "  sundry  important  received  various  read- 
ings from  the  most  ancient  Hebrew  and  Greek  manu- 
scripts and  the  most  celebrated  versions  of  Scripture. 
Also,  sundry  corrections  and  improvements  of  our  ex- 
cellent English  version  (generally  admitted  by  learned 
Christians  of  every  name)  with  references  to  authors, 
versions,  and  manuscripts ;  also,  an  illustrative  argu- 
ment prefixed  to  each  sacred  book  or  epistle,  from 
the  best  authorities."  The  volume  is  a  folio,  em- 
bellished with  thirty-six  engravings.  The  book  was 
issued  in  numbers,  and  had  more  than  three  thou- 
sand subscribers.  The  Rev.  Jonathan  Homer,  D.D., 
of  Newton,  Mass.,  revised  the  observations  and  con- 
densed some  of  the  notes  and  enlarged  others. 

English  Polyglot  Bibles  have  been  extensively  re- 
printed in  this  country.  Probably  the  first  edition 
is  that  one  which  was  printed  for  Thomas  Wardle, 
Philadelphia,  in  1825.  Another  appeared  in  the  same 
city  in  1831,  as  published  by  Key  &  Meilke,  No.  181 
Market  Street,  and  stereotyped  by  L.  Johnson.  Both 
of  these  are  i2mos.     In  1832  "  Armstrong  &  Plaskitt, 


2IO 


Early  Bibles. 


No.  134,  and  Plaskitt  &  Co.,  No.  254,  Market  Street," 
Baltimore,  issued  a  241110.  George  Gaylord  of  Bos- 
ton in  1835  published  an  oci-avo.  In  1836,  Roby, 
Kimball  &  Merrell  of  Conco.d,  N.  H.,  and  J.  B.  & 
S.  L.  Chase  &  Co.  of  Woodstock,  Vt.,  published 
editions,  the  former  a  24mo,  and  the  latter  a  i6mo. 
From  this  date  onward  the  Polyglot  Bibles  multiply, 
so  that  we  find  nearly  all  the  names  of  the  leading 
publishers  in  the  United  States  on  the  title-pages. 

Among  later  publications  a  conspicuous  place  must 
be  given  to  "  The  Illuminated  Bible,"  issued  by 
Harper  &  Brothers,  New  York,  in  1846.  This  is, 
according  to  the  title-page,  "  Embellished  with  six- 
teen hundred  historical  engravings  by  J.  A.  Adams, 
more  than  fourteen  hundred  of  which  are  from  orig- 
inal designs  by  J.  G.  Chapman."  The  engravers  were 
six  years  in  executing  the  designs,  and  the  cost  of 
the  publication  was  upward  of  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars. Mr.  Adams  is  said  to  have  introduced  elec- 
trotyping  from  woodcuts  into  America  in  the  year 
1841.  "The  Illuminated  Bible"  is  an  excellent  ex- 
ample of  the  electrotyping  process  as  early  used  in 
this  country. 


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ri  DLIBUKD  itV  LIM-Y,  WMT,  COLMAN.  A   IIDI.IJKN 


Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  a  New  ami  Corrected  Version  of  tin-  Xcw 

Tes'aiuent  by  Uodolplius  Dickinson,  publisliod  at  Boston  in  lH:i:t. 

Iteduced  size. 


SOME   NOTABLE   TITLE-PAGES. 


The  title-pages  of  the  early  American  Bibles  in 
some  instances  present  an  interesting  and  even  enter- 
taining study,  as  they  show  the  peculiarities  of  pub- 
lishers, editors,  and  translators.  That  the  Scriptures 
are  profitable  for  instruction  all  will  admit,  but  one 
would  hardly  speak  of  them  as  sources  of  "  amuse- 
ment." However,  this  was  the  word  applied  in  early 
times  to  picture  or  hieroglyphic  Bibles  intended  for 
children.  Here  is  a  title-page  of  this  kind :  "A  Curi- 
ous Hieroglyphick  Bible ;  or,  Select  Passages  in  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments,  represented  with  Emblem- 
atical figures,  for  the  Amusement  of  Youth:  De- 
signed chiefly  To  familiarize  tender  Age,  in  a  pleas- 
ing and  diverting  Planner,  with  early  Ideas  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures.  To  which  are  subjoined,  A  Short 
Account  of  the  Lives  of  the  Evangelists,  and  other 
Pieces.  Illustrated  with  nearly  Five  Hundred  Cuts. 
The  First  Worcester  Edition.  Printed  at  Worcester, 
Massachusetts,  By  Isaiah  Thomas,  And  sold,  Whole- 
.sale  and  Retail,  at  his  bookstore.      MDCCLXXXVIII." 

21  I 


212 


Early  Bibles. 


As  a  means  of  attraction,  and  perhaps  for  the  sake 
of  variety,  passages  of  Scripture  or  whole  books  were 
rendered  into  verse.  It  was  common  to  place  quota- 
tions from  the  Bible  on  title-pages,  while  in  other 
cases  the  selection  was  made  from  a  secular  writer. 
'Here  is  a  title-page  to  illustrate  both  ways : 

"  Job.  Ten  Chapters  of  The  Book  of  Job,  rendered 
from  the  Common  Translation,  into  Verse.  By  Abra- 
ham Rowley.  Ye  have  heard,  &c. — James,  Chap.  5, 
V.  II.  The  pencil  of  the  Holy  Ghost  hath  laboured 
more  in  describing  the  afflictions  of  Job,  than  the  fe- 
licities of  Solomon.  LORD  Bacon.  Boston :  Printed 
by  J.  H.  A.  Frost,  Congress-street.      1825." 

An  extract  from  a  sermon  was  called  into  use 
in  the  following:  "The  New  Testament,  by  way  of 
Question  and  Answer:  with  Illustrations  taken  from 
the  Holy  Fathers  and  most  approved  Interpreters. 
By  the  Rev.  John  Power,  of  St.  Peter's  Church. 
'  Intenti  estote  ad  Script>iras:  codices  vestri  sumus.' 
Apply  your  minds  seriously  to  the  Scriptures:  we 
are  your  books. — St.  Augustin,  Sermon  227.  New 
York:  Published  by  James  Cunningham,  No.  95 
Maiden  Lane.      1824.  ' 

The  inducements  which  publications  otTered  in  the 
way  of  notes,  references,  and  learned  helps  were  fre- 
quently displayed  on  title-pages.  This  is  a  sample 
of  one  heavily  loaded,  and  only  a  i2mo:  "The  Old 


Some  Notable  Title-pages. 


213 


)le 
Id 


and  New  Testaments,  having  a  rich  and  comprehen- 
sive assembly  of  Half  a  Million  Parallel  and  Illus- 
trative Passages  from  those  estieemed  authors  Canne, 
Brown,  Blaney,  and  Scott,  with  those  from  the 
Latin  Vulgate,  the  French  and  German  Bibles.  The 
whole  arranged  in  Scripture  order,  and  presenting, 
in  a  portable  pocket  volume,  A  Complete  Library 
of  Divinity.  Bonus  Textuarius  est  bonus  Theo- 
logus.  Philadelphia:  Printed  for  Thomas  Wardle. 
M.DCCC.XXV." 

Publishers  were  diligent  in  the  use  of  means  to 
get  the  attention  of  the  public  and  facilitate  the  sale 
of  their  volumes.  Thus  a  printer  in  lioston,  in  1852, 
advertised  his  publication  as  "  The  Unrivalled  Dollar 
P^dition  of  the  Douay  Bible."  The  practical  purposes 
to  which  the  Bible  may  be  turned  in  a  monetary 
way  is  shown  in  this  title-page : 

"  New  Testament :  With  the  Marginal  Readings ; 
and  illustrated  by  Original  References ;  both  Parallel 
and  Explanatory,  and  a  Copious  Selection,  carefully 
chosen,  and  newly  arranged.  With  numerous  en- 
gravings, and  the  sterling  currency  reduced  to  dol- 
lars and  cents.  New  York  :  John  C.  Riker,  1 5  Ann 
Street.     Stereotyped  by  James  Conner.      1833." 

The  peculiarities  and  the  assurance  of  certain  trans- 
lators of  Scripture  come  out  in  title-pages,  as  in  this: 
"  A  New  and  Corrected  Version  of  The  New  Testa- 


214 


Early  Bibles. 


ment;  or,  a  minute  revision,  and  professed  Trans- 
lation of  the  Original  Histories,  Memoirs,  Letters, 
Prophecies,  and  other  productions  of  the  Evangel- 
ists and  Apostles:  To  which  are  subjoined,  a  few, 
generally  brief,  critical,  explanatory,  and  practical 
Notes.  By  Rodolphus  Dickinson,  a  Presbyter  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States; 
and  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  parish.  District  of  Pendle- 
ton, South  Carolina.  Boston:  Published  by  Lilly, 
Wait,  Colman  &  Holden.      1833." 

The  following  title-page  also  indicates  the  opin- 
ion of  the  translator  concerning  the  improvement  of 
his  version :  "  The  New  Testament  of  Our  Lord  and 
Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Translated  from  the  Greek, 
into  pure  English ;  with  explanatory  notes,  on  cer- 
tain passages  wherein  the  author  differs  from  other 
translators.  By  Jonathan  Morgan,  A.B.,  Author  of 
Elements  of  English  Grammar.  Portland :  S.  H. 
Colesworthy.  Boston :  B.  B.  Mussey.  New  York : 
P.Price.  Philadelphia:  J.  Gihon.  Cincinnati:  A.  T. 
Ames.     Louisville:  Noble  and  Dean.      1848." 

In  1854  an  octavo  volume  appeared  containing  the 
first  book  of  the  Old  Testament  with  this  wording 
on  the  title-page :  "  The  Gospel  by  Moses,  in  the  Book 
of  Genesis;  or  the  Old  Testament  Unveiled.  By 
C.  H.  Putnam.     '  And  not  as  Moses  which  put  a  vail 


Some  Notable  Title-pages. 


215 


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over  his  face,  that  the  children  of  Israel  could  not 
steadfastly  look  to  the  end  of  that  which  is  abol- 
ished :  But  their  minds  were  blinded :  for  until  this 
day  remaineth  the  same  vail  untaken  away  in  the 
reading  of  the  Old  Testament:  which  vail  is  done 
away  in  Christ' — 2  CoR.  iii.  13,  14.  New  York: 
Edward  H.  Fletcher,  Nassau-Street.      1854." 

The  disposition  to  display  the  merits  of  a  book  is 
well  illustrated  in  the  following :  "  Isaiah.  A  New 
Translation.  By  the  late  Robert  Lowth,  D.D.,  Bishop 
of  London.  To  which  is  added,  A  plain,  concise  and 
particular  Explanation  of  each  Chapter.  Extracted 
chiefly  from  '  A  Treatise  on  the  Prophets '  by  John 
Smith,  D.D.,  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  Campbeltown, 
Scotland.  In  the  Summary  Explanation,  prefixed  to 
each  Chapter,  the  Time  and  Occasion  when  the  Proph- 
ecy was  written;  the  peculiar  Style  of  Isaiah;  the 
Beauty  and  Sublimity  of  particular  Passages ;  the  Al- 
lusions to  ancient  Customs  and  Manners;  the  Con- 
nection and  Scope  of  the  several  Parts  of  the  Proph- 
ecy, and  the  Events  in  which  the  Predictions  seem 
to  have  had  their  Accomplishment,  are  occasionally 
ascertained  and  illustrated ;  The  whole  forming  an 
agreeable  and  instructive  Exposition  of  this  Seraphic 
Prophet,  equally  removed  from  dull  and  tedious  Criti- 
cisms, and  from  general  and  foreign  Observations. 


2l6 


Early  Bibles. 


Albany :  Printed  by  Charles  R.  and  George  Webster, 
No.  2,  Pearl  Street.     M.DCC.XCIV." 

Happily  in  these  days  a  greater  simplicity  prevails 
in  the  wording  of  title-pages,  and  books  are  not  so 
much  judged  by  their  title-pages  as  by  their  contents. 


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Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  Phonetic  New  Testament  published  by  ^V.  Comstock 
at  Philadelphia  in  1848.    Reduced  size. 


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SOME  NOTABLE  EDITIONS. 

H 

One  of  the  curiosities  in  the  way  of  printing  is  the 

Thumb  Bible,  so  called  because  of  its  diminutive  size, 
for  it  measures  but  one  by  one  and  a  half  inches.  It 
was  printed  in  1693,  and  dedicated  to  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester.  It  is  a  summary  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  with  illustrations  in  copper-plate.  The 
printing  of  this  book  in  England  marked  a  great  in- 
novation in  the  publishing  of  small  editions  of  the 
Scriptures.  An  American  reprint  of  the  third  Lon- 
don-edition of  the  Thumb  Bible  was  issued  at  Boston 
in  1 765.  According  to  the  title-page  it  was  "  Printed 
for,  and  sold  by  N.  Proctor,  near  Scarlet's  Wharffe." 
The  demand  for  small  Bibles  must  have  been  exten- 
sive, for  other  publishers  issued  editions  that  were 
recommended  for  their  smallness  in  print  and  bind- 
ing. W.  W.  Woodward  of  Philadelphia  published  in 
1 806  what  was  called  the  Pocket  Bible.  It  was  quite 
an  event  in  the  art  of  printing,  and  was  heralded  by 
a  circular  giving  it  an  introduction,  such  as  many 
larger  volumes  never  have  had.    It  would  be  unusual 

217 


2l8 


Early  Bibles. 


in  these  days  to  read  of  the  printing  of  a  little  book 
as  "so  heavy  an  undertaking."  The  prospectus  is 
couched  in  the  words  that  follow : 

Neat  Edition  of  the  Pocket  Bible.  W.  W.  Woodward,  No.  52. 
Corner  of  Second  and  Chestnut  Streets,  Philadelphia,  is  preparing 
for  th^  Press,  and  will  begin  in  a  short  titne  to  print  the  Bible,  in  a 
Pocket  volume.  A  neat  pearl  type  is  hourly  expected  from  Europe, 
made  to  his  particular  order.  The  difficulty  of  obtaining  in  a  small 
size  this  valuable  pocket  companion;  and  the  dearness  of  it,  when 
obtained,  and  of  a  type  scarcely  legible ;  also  of  the  growing  demand 
for  it,  induces  him  to  offer  this  Proposal,  as  it  will  assist  him,  if  a  few 
subscribers  are  obtained,  to  print  an  extensive  edition,  and  relieve,  in 
a  considerable  degree,  the  weight  of  the  expense,  which  will  naturally 
be  incurred  by  so  heavy  an  undertaking. 

To  those  gentlemen  who  will  assist  him  in  the  Publication,  he  will 
give  for  every  Five  Subscribers,  the  Sixth  Copy  gratis. 

The  Following  are  the  Conditions : 

Neat  plain  binding  with  the  Psalms, i'37^^ 

Do        Do        without     Do      1.25 

Morocco,  with  Superior  paper  with  Psalms, a. 50 

Do  Do  without   Do      2.25 

N.  B.  Those  gentlemen  who  receive  subscribers  will  be  kind  enough 
to  return  the  number  of  copies  which  will  be  wanted  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 


What  was  known  as  the  Diamond  Bible  was  printed 
in  England,  and  had  a  large  sale  through  many  years. 
On  account  of  its  portable  size,  for  it  was  but  a  32mo, 
large  quantities  of  the  book  were  smuggled  into  the 
United  States.  This  went  on  for  years,  until  the  rev- 
enue officers  were  obliged  to  stop  the  illegal  traffic, 
and  confiscate  the  property.     Who  would  think  of 


|:'\ 


Some  Notable  Editions. 


219 


smuggling  Bibles  in  these  times?  In  1837  this  Dia- 
mond edition  was  published  simultaneously  in  Lon- 
don and  New  York.  These  are  the  firm  names  on 
the  title-page :  "  London ;  Allan  Bell  &  Co.,  Warwick 
Square ;  T.  Tegg  &  Son ;  and  H.  Washburne,  J.  K. 
Herrick,  New  York."  The  edition  is  supplied  "  with 
notes,  practical  and  explanatory,  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
Stebbing,  A.M.,  Member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Literature." 

In  1848  the  Phonetic  Testament  was  published  in 
Philadelphia,  by  A.  Comstock,  icx)  Mulberry  Street, 
in  an  octavo  volume  of  397  pages.  It  was  stereo- 
typed by  J.  Fagan  and  printed  by  Smith  &  Peters. 
In  the  preface  Dr.  Comstock  says :  "  Numerous  at- 
tempts have  been  made  by  different  individuals  to 
construct  a  perfect  alphabet  for  the  English  lan- 
guage. No  fewer  than  six  alphabets  have  been  pub- 
lished in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  The  first  was 
published  by  Dr.  William  Thornton  in  1 793 ;  the 
last  by  the  editor  of  this  work  in  1846.  This  is  the 
alphabet  in  which  the  present  edition  of  the  New 
Testament  is  printed,  and  is  the  only  one  that  fully 
accomplishes  the  object  for  which  so  many  have  long 
and  anxiously  waited ;  it  not  only  has  a  letter  appro- 
priated to  every  elementary  sound,  but  characters 
which  represent  the  accents,  inflections,  and  melody 
of  the  voice."     A  table  is  given  of  the  alphabet  with 


220 


Early  Bibles. 


its  fifteen  vowels,  fourteen  subvowels,  and  nine  aspi- 
rates. Then  follow  four  pages  of  ".Remarks  on  the 
Phonetic  Alphabet."  Dr.  Comstock  thought  his  al- 
phabet would  work  a  revolution  in  literature,  for  he 
says :  "  It  is  calculated  to  facilitate  the  spread  of  the 
Gospel,  as  well  as  the  arts  and  sciences,  not  only 
among  those  to  whom  the  English  is  vernacular,  but 
among  foreign  nations,  particularly  the  heathen." 
This  hope  was  never  consummated,  as  the  Phonetic 
Testament  had  a  limited  circulation,  and  never  reached 
a  second  edition.  The  book  is  well  printed  and  sub- 
stantially bound. 

The  invention  of  embossed  letters  to  enable  the 
blind  to  read  was  a  novel  and  benevolent  achieve- 
ment. Several  years  ago  the  honorable  secretary 
of  the  British  and  Foreign  Blind  Association  deliv- 
ered an  address  before  the  Society  of  Arts,  in  which 
he  said :  "  The  happy  idea  of  printing  on  paper  let- 
ters recognizable  by  the  touch  is  due  to  M.  Haiiy  of 
Paris,  who  printed  his  first  book  in  1 784,  and  founded 
the  Institut  des  Jeunes  Aveugles,  Paris.  The  type  he 
adopted  was  the  script,  or  italic  form  of  the  Roman 
letter.  This  was  introduced  into  England  by  the 
present  Sir  C.  Lowther,  who  printed  the  Gospel  of 
St.  Matthew  in  1832  with  type  obtained  from  Paris, 
and  followed  it  with  other  portions  of  the  Bible.  In 
1834,  Gall  of  Edinburgh  printed  the  Gospel  of  St. 


Some  Notable  Editions. 


221 


John  in  Roman  capitals,  in  which,  however,  all  curves 
were  replaced  by  angular  lines,  and  the  lines  them- 
selves were  serrated,  which  changes,  he  believed, 
gave  greater  distinctness  to  the  letter.  Alston,  of 
Glasgow,  adopted  Fry's  plan  of  using  ordinary  Roman 
capitals.  Dr.  Howe,  of  Boston,  U.  S.,  makes  use  of 
the  small  Roman  letters,  giving  them  angularity  ac- 
cording to  Gall's  idea." 

The  first  American  copy  of  the  New  Testament 
printed  in  raised  letters  for  the  blind  was  issued  in 
1836  at  Boston.  The  American  and  Massachusetts 
Bible  Societies  contributed  the  money,  and  the  print- 
ing was  done  at  the  New  England  Asylum  for  the 
Blind,  the  name  of  which  has  since  been  changed, 
and  now  is  the  Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts 
School  for  the  Blind,  South  Boston.  The  book  is 
in  four  quarto  volumes.  Not  long  after,  the  entire 
Bible  was  completed.  The  plates  were  then  taken 
by  the  American  Bible  Society,  who  printed  a  quarto 
edition  in  eight  volumes  in  1841.  The  Psalms  alone 
were  issued  in  1850.  The  late  Dr.  Howe  facilitated 
the  work,  and  was  a  great  benefactor  to  the  blind. 

In  1837  Otis  Clapp,  121  Washington  Street,  Bos- 
ton, published  a  i2mo  Bible  which  included  solely 
those  books  of  Scripture  that  Swedenborg  regarded 
as  containing  what  he  called  "  an  internal  sense." 
The  Books  of  Ruth,  i  and  2  Chronicles,  Ezra,  Nehe- 


222 


Early  Bibles. 


miah,  Esther,  Job,  Proverbs,  Ecclesiastes,  and  the   • 
Song  of  Solomon  are  dropped  out  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  and  all  the  Epis- 
tles are  omitted  from  the  New  Testament. 

In  1834,  in  the  same  city,  Rufus  Davenport  printed 
a  Bible  with  these  words  on  the  title-page : 

"The  Right- Aim  School  Bible;  comprising  the 
Holy  Bible  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  and 
an  Annexment  containing  the  Free-Debt-Rule  Peti- 
tions, addressed,  the  first  to  the  Twenty-four  States, 
the  Second  to  the  Congress,  the  Third  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  affixed 
Memorials;  the  Fourth  Petition  to  three  High  Offi- 
cers of  the  Government  of  England.  Also  the  Dec- 
laration of  Free-debtism." 

The  text  is  the  King  James  translation,  and  in  place 
of  a  preface,  several  pages  are  devoted  to  arguments 
against  imprisonment  for  debt.  There  is  a  Memorial 
addressed  to  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  another 
to  Congress,  and  a  third  to  President  Jackson.  Mr. 
Davenport  lays  down  five  fundamental  points  under 
the  heading  of 

Equitable  Principles  for  Free  Debt  Rules. 

1st.  All  persons  shall  become  free  from  all  debt,  by  surrendering, 
at  the  place  of  their  inhabitance,  all  their  estate,  to  the  use  of  all  their 
creditors,  in  ratable  proportion. 

2d.  All  persons  shall  be  free  from  imprisonment,  arrest,  and  all 
punishment  for  debt,  except  to  compel  the  surrender  of  estate  to  the 


/■ 

-— ' 

Some  Notable  Editions. 

221 

nse  of  all  creditors,  in  ratable  proportion,  when  by  such  surrender  the 
debtor  shall  become  free  from  all  debt,  liability,  claim,  and  demand, 
existing  at  the  time  of  such  surrender. 

3d.  All  fraud  and  wrong,  appertaining  to  debt,  shall  remain  punish- 
able  by  law,  as  public  or  private  offence ;  but  the  greatest  punishment 
therefor  not  to  exceed  imprisonment  and  labour  for  life. 

4th.  All  persons,  who  shall  so  surrender  all  estate,  unless  convicted 
of  fraud,  or  wrong,  relative  thereto,  shall  be  entitled  to  an  allowance 
out  of  the  net  amount  of  such  surrendered  estate,  of  such  proportion 
of  five  per  cent  on  said  net  amount,  as  said  net  amount  shall  bear  to 
the  whole  sum  of  debts  proved. 

5th.  The  manner  of  such  surrender  shall  be  according  to  provision 
to  be  made  by  the  authorities  having  jurisdiction  of  the  settlement  of 
the  estates  of  persons  deceased,  or  by  higher  jurisdictive  superseding 
authority ;  and,  when  and  where  no  such  provision  shall  be  in  force, 
then  and  there  the  manner  of  such  surrender  shall  be  according  to  any 
legal  assignment. 

Boston,  A.D.  1828,  June  16. 

Mr.  Davenport  airs  his  personal  grievances,  for 
he  writes :  "  The  sufferings  that  your  petitioner  has 
borne,  and  knows  that  numerous  others  endure,  have 
incited  him  to  strive  much  in  the  cause  ;  and  at  length 
have  now  constrained  and  Jetermined  him,  though 
with  trembling  feelings,  yet  with  fixed  purpose,  as 
from  conscious  duty,  to  prefer  twenty-four  petitions 
alike,  one  to  each  State  of  the  Union,  which,  if  prof- 
fered without  precedent,  still,  he  begs,  may  be  gra- 
ciously received,  and  prays  God  may  prosper.  What 
your  petitioner  has  experienced,  seen  and  felt  on  this 
subject,  may  be  his  best  apology  for  so  high  an  aim, 
he  hopes  a  right  aim,  for  general  good.    Abo\it  the  be- 


324 


Early  Bibles. 


ginning  of  this  century,  he,  as  a  commission  merchant 
of  Boston,  devoted  nearly  a  year  to  visiting  the  prin- 
cipal places  in  all  these  Atlantic  States;  before  and 
after  which,  having  been  in  successful  business,  to  most 
parts  of  the  world.  On  leaving  this  vocation  to  take 
a  leading  share  in  building  up  Cambridgeport,  near 
Boston,  success  still  attended  him  at  first,  and  in 
1809,  the  amount  of  his  property,  mostly  in  real 
estate,  was  more  than  $256,000  and  his  debts  less 
than  one  fourth  as  much.  But  change — political 
and  local — with  oppression,  wrecked  his  fortune,  and 
made  him  a  prisoner  for  debt,  more  than  three  years, 
during  which,  in  181 1  and  181 2,  he  drew  laws  which 
mitigated  the  sufferings  of  thousands,  in  the  State  of 
Massachusetts. 

After  surmounting  the  press  of  difficulty,  and  re- 
suming his  mercantile  vocation  (pursuant  to  which 
he  made  a  second  tour  of  the  Atlantic  States,  eigh- 
teen years  after  the  first),  he  engaged  also  in  manu- 
factories, in  which  great  decline  in  yalue  has  occurred, 
and  being  again  pressed,  with  menace  and  harass, 
he  feels  (what  a  great  portion  of  the  community  feel) 
the  want  of  uniform  laws  and  customs  to  rule  credit 
and  debt,  adapted  to  all  persons,  at  all  times,  and  all 
places,  needed  and  just  to  the  creditor  as  well  as  the 
debtor,  consonant  with  our  bill  of  rights,  our  national 
and   state    constitutions,   with   freedom   and   Inde- 


/ 


Some  Notable  Editions. 


225 


pendence,  with  the  laws  of  nature,  and  the  laws  of 
God." 

Such  discussions  sound  strangely  to  us,  but  it 
must  be  remembered  that  years  ago  the  subject  of 
free-debtism  was  an  exciting  theme  of  debate  and 
legislation.  The  law  of  imprisonment  for  debt  was 
not  finally  abolished  in  all  the  States  of  the  Union 
until  1845. 

In  1 86 1  there  appeared  in  New  York  City  an  oc- 
tavo volume  with  the  title,  "  The  New  Testament  of 
our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  as  revised  and 
corrected  by  the  Spirits."  The  names  of  the  pub- 
lishers are  not  given,  but  the  book  is  copyrighted 
by  Leonard  Thorn.  The  text,  with  a  few  excep- 
tions, is  the  same  rendering  as  that  of  the  King 
James  translation,  but  there  are  many  omissions. 
Whatever  the  compiler  did  not  like  he  left  out.  As 
a  result  all  the  Gospels  and  Epistles  are  shortened. 
The  Book  of  Revelation  is  reduced  to  six  chapters, 
and  the  prophetic  and  mystic  portions  are  wholly 
omitted.  There  are  two  colored  illustrations,  one  at 
the  beginning  and  the  other  at  the  end  of  Revelation. 
The  first  represents  Christ  among  the  seven  candle- 
sticks, and  in  the  second  He  is  seen  as  riding  upon  a 
white  horse. 

Before  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  begins,  four 
pages  are  given  to  "  Introductory  Remarks  and  Ex- 


226 


Early  Bibles. 


planations  by  the  Spirit  of  Jesus  Christ."  Here  is  a 
quotation : 

"  I  preached  about  three  years  and  a  half.  I  was 
crucified  by  the  mistaken  Jews.  My  body  was  laid 
in  the  sepulchre.  My  Spirit  only  arose,  and  on  the 
third  day  I  was  seen.  The  watchmen  were  entranced 
by  a  spirit,  and  then  the  spirits  took  my  body  away." 

The  last  four  pages  of  the  book  are  assigned  to 
what  is  called  the  "  New  Dispensation,  by  the  Spirit 
of  Christ."     One  citation  from  this  will  suffice : 

"  Through  our  mediums  we  heal  the  sick,  cure  the 
lame,  and  cast  out  evil  spirits,  and  aid  those  who  seek 
after  knowledge  in  the  arts  and  sciences ;  the  same 
as  was  done  when  I  and  my  apostles  lived  in  the 
fiesh  on  the  earth." 

Among  the  attractions  which  some  of  the  old  Bibles 
held  out  were  "  An  Account  of  the  Exact  Location 
of  the  Garden  of  Eden,"  a  "  Clergyman's  Address 
to  Married  Persons,"  and  "  Cowper's  Portrait  of  an 
Apostolic  Preacher." 


iere  is  a 

I  was 
ivas  laid 
1  on  the 
itranced 
away." 
jned  to 
e  Spirit 
b: 

ure  the 

ho  seek 

e  same 

in  the 


Bibles 
)cation 
ddress 

of  an 


/ 


CHAPTER  IV. 


9  BehoM,  1  will  make  thoM'  U  ht 
or  die  synagog  of  Satan,  sayinff  they 
ara  Jews,  and  are  not,  but  lie.  Mhold 
1  will  make  them  to  come  and  wor- 
ship, in  tiie  presence  of  thy  feet,  and 
they  shall  know  that  I  have  loved 
thee. 

10  Because  thou  hast  kept  the  word 
of  my  patience,  I,  also,  will  keep  thee, 
from  the  hour  of  temptation,  about  to 
come,  upon  the  whole  inhabited  wmrld 
to  try  those  dwelling  upon  the  earth. 

11  Behold  I  come  quickly.  Hold 
what  thou  hast,  that  noUae  may  atake 
thy  crown. 

12  He  overcoming,  I  will  make  bim 
a  pillar,  in  the  temple  of  my  God,and 
he  shall  not  outgo  again.  And  I  will 
write,  upon  him,  the  name  of  my  Clod 
and  the  name  of  tho  city  of  my  God, 
the  new  Jerusalem,  which  descendeth 
from  heaven,  from  my  Qod,  and  upoti 
U,  my  new  name. 

13  He  having  an  ear  to  hear,  hear 
he  what  the  spirit  saitb  unto  the 
churches. 

14  And  to  the  angel  of  the  church 
of  LoiJdicSa,  write;  These  things 
saith  the  Amen,  the  faithfiil  and  true 
witness,  the  beginning  of  the  creation 
of  God : 

15  I  know  thy  works,  that  thou  art 
tiot  hot,  nor  cold.  Illesired  (hat  thou 
shouldest  be  hot,  or  cold. 

16  For,  as  thou  art  only/ warm,  and 
not  hot,  nor  cold,  I  desire  tfa«e  to  be 
vomited  outof  my  mouth, 

17  For  thou  savest  That  I  am  rich 
and  increased  and  have  need  of  noth- 
ing; and  thou  knowest  not  that  thou 
art  wretched,  and  miserable,  and  poor 
and  blind  and  uaked. 

18  I  counsel  tliee  to  buy  of  me  g^ld 
tried  in  the  fire,thBt  thou  mayest  be  rich 
and  white  raiment  that  thou  mayest  be 
clothed,  and  the  shame  of  thy  naked- 
ness not  appear,  and  anoint  thy  eyes, 
with  eye^salve  that  thou  mavest  sed. 

19  As  many  as  I  love,  I  rebuke  and 
chasten.  Be  ye  zealous,  tbercfbre, 
and  renent. 

90  Behold,  I  stand,  at  .he  door  and 
Imock.    If  anyone  should  hear  my 


voice,  and  open  the  door,  I  will  eute#, 
onto  bim,  and  I  will  sup^  with  hin^ 
and  he,  with  me. 

SI  To  bim  overcoming,  I  will  give 
to  sit,  with  me,  on  my  throne^  as  I 
also  have  overcome,  and  have  m% 
with  my  &ther,  on  his  throne. 

39  He  having  an  ear  to  hear,  hut 
he  what  the  spirit  saitb  unto  tM 
church^ 

CHAPTER  IV.  P 

1  Aptbr  these,  I  looked,  alid  hik 
hold  a  door  was  opened Jn  heaviii. 
And  the  first  voice,  which  I  heard,  at 
a  trumpet  talking  with  me,  satying, 
ascend  here,  and  I  will  show  what 
must  be,  after  these  things. 

3  And  immediiatly  I  became,  tn  thd 
spirit,  and  behold,  a  throne  tirts  sel 
in  the  heaven,  and  one  sitting  upeH 
the  throne. 

3  And  he  sitting  was^  in  appear^ 
ance,  like  a  jasper  stone  and  a  iilif 
dine.     And  a  rainbpw  aroun^  thf 
throne,  in  appearance,  like  enienil4 

4  And  around  the  thione,' tweni^ 
four  thrones.  And,  umu  these  tMrbjIiii 
I  saw  twenty-four  elders  sitting  el^tfi- 
ed  in  white  raiment  and  the/hadiN^n 
their  heads,  golden  crowns,  i 

5  And  fit>m  the  throne,  proceeded 
lightnings  and  thunders  and  vbl(Be& 
And  seven  lamps  of  fira  burned)  in 
the  presence  of  the  thi^ne,  which  are 
the  seven  spirits  of  God. 

6  And,  in  the  presence  of  the 
throne,  was  a  vitriolic  sea*  like  «ry»> 
tal.  And  in  the  midst  of  the  throne^ 
and  around  the  throne,  four  living  be- 
innyUI  of  eyes,  before  and  behind. 

7  And  the  nrst  being  was  like  a  lion, 
and  the  second  being  was  like  a  eal^ 
and  the  third  being  had  a  foee  like  a 
man,  and  the  fourth  being  unu  like  ft 
flying  eagle. 

8  And  the  four  beings,  eadhene  had 
six  winos,  aroundabout  km,  and  fiill  of 
eyes  witbic.  And  they  cease  not  day 
and  .light,  saying,  Holy,  holy,  holy, 
Lord  God,  allrttller  who  was  andbeiu; 
and  coming. 

9  And,  when  the  belAgi  gir«  {^oiy 
"  Thic  is  eommonly  rendered  a 

991 


Facsimile  of  a  page  (page  291)  from  Jonathan  Morgan's  translation  of  llieXcw 
Testament,  published  at  Portland,  Maine,  by  S.  II.  Colesworlhy,  in  1848. 

Exact  size. 


CURIOUS  VERSIONS. 


The  crank  has  invaded  every  department  of  lit- 
erature, and  has  even  tried  his  hand  at  the  biblical. 
Men  of  strong  prejudices,  narrow-  or  broad-gage 
views,  and  possessed  with  a  hobby,  have  sought  to 
color  Scripture  according  to  their  own  opinions,  and 
with  little  deference  to  the  original  sense  of  the  lan- 
guages of  Holy  Writ.  Some  scholars  who  have  been 
strong  in  other  directions  have  exhibited  their  weak- 
ness when  dealing  with  the  words  of  Inspiration.  As 
a  result,  they  have  brought  upon  themselves  confu- 
sion and  ridicule.  Franklin  was  in  many  ways  a  great 
man,  but  he  published  his  own  foolishness  when 
he  attempted  to  improve  the  meaning  of  the  Bible. 
Among  his  "  Bagatelles,"  which  Mr.  William  Temple 
Franklin  says  "  were  chiefly  written  by  Dr.  Franklin 
for  the  amusement  of  his  irtimate  society  in  London 
and  Paris,  and  were  actually  collected  in  a  small  port- 
folio indorsed  as  above,"  appears  the  following  letter: 

Proposed  New  Version  of  the  Bible. 
To  the  Printer  of 


Sir:  It  is  now  more  than  one  hundred  and  seventy  years  since  the 
translation  of  our  common  English  Bible.    The  language  in  that  time 

227 


228 


Early  Bibles. 


is  much  changed,  and  the  style,  being  obsolete,  and  thence  less  agree- 
able, is  perhaps  one  reason  why  the  reading  of  that  excellent  book  is 
of  late  so  much  neglected.  I  have  therefore  thought  it  would  be  well 
to  procure  a  new  version,  in  which,  preserving  the  sense,  the  turn  of 
phrase  and  manner  of  expression  should  be  modern.  I  do  not  pre- 
tend to  have  the  necessary  abilities  for  such  a  work  myself :  I  throw 
out  the  hint  for  the  consideration  of  the  learned ;  and  only  venture  to 
send  you  a  few  verses  of  the  first  cliapter  of  Job,  which  may  serve  as 
the  sample  of  the  kind  of  version  I  would  recommend. 

A.  B. 


OU  Text. 

Verse  6.  Now  there  was  a  day  when 
the  sons  of  God  came  to  present  them- 
selves before  the  Lord,  and  Satan  came 
also  among  them. 

7.  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan, 
'Whence  comest  thou?  Then  Satan  an- 
swered the  Lord,  and  said,  From  going  to 
and  fro  in  the  earth,  and  from  wallcing  up 
and  down  in  it. 

8.  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan,  Hast 
thou  considered  my  servant  Job,  that  there 
is  none  like  him  in  the  earth,  a  perfect  and 
an  upright  man,  one  that  feareth  God,  and 
escheweth  evil  ? 

9.  Then  Satan  answered  the  Lord,  and 
said.  Doth  Job  fear  God  for  nought? 


10.  Hast  not  thou  made  an  hedge  about 
him,  and  about  his  house,  and  about  all 
that  he  hath  on  every  side  ?  Thou  hast 
blessed  the  work  of  his  hands,  and  his 
substance  is  increased  in  the  land. 

11.  But  put  forth  thine  hand  now,  and 
touch  all  that  he  hath,  and  he  will  curse 
thee  to  thy  face. 


New  Version. 

Verse  6.  And  it  being  levee  day  in 
Heaven,  all  God's  nobility  came  to  court 
to  present  themselves  before  him ;  and 
Satan  also  appeared  in  the  circle  as  one 
of  the  ministry. 

7.  And  God  said  unto  Satan,  Vou  have 
been  some  time  absent;  where  were  you? 
And  Satan  answered,  I  have  been  at  my 
country  seat,  and  in  different  places  visit- 
ing my  friends. 

8.  And  God  said,  Well,  what  think  you 
of  Lord  Job?  Vou  see  he  is  my  best 
friend,  a  perfectly  honest  man,  full  if  re- 
spect for  me,  and  avoiding  everything  that 
might  offend  me. 

9.  And  Satan  answered,  Does  your 
majesty  imagine  that  his  good  conduct  is 
the  effect  of  personal  attachment  and  af- 
fection ? 

10.  Have  you  not  protected  him  and 
heaped  your  benefits  upon  him,  till  he  is 
grown  enormously  rich? 


II.  Try  him;— only  withdraw  your  fa- 
vor, turn  him  out  of  his  places,  and  with- 
hold his  pensions,  and  you  will  soon  find 
him  in  the  opposition. 


Curious  Versions. 


229 


/ 


J 


nd 


Mr.  McMaster,  in  his  recent  life  of  Franklin  as  a 
man  of  letters,  says :  ^ 

In  no  book,  it  is  safe  to  say,  are  the  force  and  beauty  of  the  English 
tongue  so  finely  shown  as  in  King  James's  Bible.  But  on  Franklin 
that  force  and  beauty  were  wholly  lost.  The  language  he  pronounced 
obsolete.  The  style  he  thought  not  agreeable,  and  he  was  for  a  new 
rendering,  in  which  the  turn  of  phrase  and  manner  of  expression  should 
be  modern.  That  there  might  be  no  mistake  as  to  his  meaning,  he 
gave  a  sample  of  how  the  work  should  be  done ;  took  some  verses 
from  the  first  chapter  of  Job,  stripped  them  of  every  particle  of  grace, 
beauty,  imagery,  terseness,  and  strength,  and  wrote  a  paraphrase, 
which  of  all  paraphrases  of  the  Bible  is  surely  the  worst. 

The  plan  is  beneath  criticism.  Were  such  a  piece  of  folly  ever  be- 
gun there  would  remain  but  one  other  depth  of  folly  to  which  it  would 
be  possible  to  go  down.  Franklin  proposed  to  fit  out  the  Kingdom 
of  Heaven  with  lords,  nobles,  a  ministry,  and  levee  days.  It  would, 
on  the  same  principle,  be  proper  to  make  another  version  suitable  for 
republics ;  a  version  from  which  every  term  and  expression  peculiar 
to  a  monarchy  should  be  carefully  kept  out,  and  only  such  as  are  ap- 
plicable to  a  republic  be  put  in. 

In  1766  Kneeland  &  Adams  of  Boston  printed  a 
translation  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  made  by 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Mather,  in  which  the  Lord's  Prayer 
has  this  curious  rendering : 

Our  Father,  who  art  in  the  Heavens;  sanctified  be  thy  Name;  Thy 
Kingdom  come ;  Thy  Will  be  done,  as  in  Heaven,  so  upon  the  Earth ; 
Give  us  to-Day  that  our  Bread,  the  supersubstantial ;  And  forgive  us 
our  Debts,  as  we  forgive  them  who  are  our  Debtors ;  And  introduce  us 
not  into  afflictive  Trial ;  but  deliver  us  from  the  wicked  One ;  Because 
thine  is  the  Kingdom,  and  the  Power,  and  the  Glory  for  the  Ages ; 
Amen. 

1  McMaster,  "  Benjamin  Franklin,"  "  American  Men  of  Letters 
Series,"  pp.  87,  88. 


230 


Early  Bibles. 


In  1795  a  little  i2mo  book  of  fifteen  sheets,  not 
paged,  appeared,  bearing  this  imprint :  "  New  Lon- 
don: Printed  by  Thomas  C.  Green  on  the  parade 
1795"  The  book  consists  of  the  Psalter,  with  the 
order  for  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer.  The  chief 
feature  of  the  publication  is  the  Psalter,  which  is  an 
independent  translation,  by  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Seabury, 
then  Bishop  of  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island.  The 
changes  were  made  for  the  purpose  of  softening  down 
the  imprecatory  or  damnatory  passages  in  the  Psalms. 
This  was  attempted  by  substituting  the  future  tense 
for  the  imperative  mood.  Here  is  an  example  of 
this  treatment : 

Psalm  v.  ii.  Thou  wilt  destroy  them,  O  God:  they  shall  perish 
through  their  own  imaginations :  thou  wilt  cast  them  out  in  the  mul- 
titude of  their  ungodliness ;  for  they  have  rebelled  against  thee. 


In  addition  to  these  amendments,  the  Bishop  in 
the  preface  says :  "  A  few  old  words  are  changed 
for  those  which  are  more  modern,  and  two  or  three 
expression^  hard  to  be  understood  are  altered,  still 
retaining  the. spirit  and  meaning  of  the  Psalm.  By 
these  means,  it  is  hoped,  the  Psalms  will  be  freed 
from  all  objections,  and  used  with  more  devotion  as 
a  part  of  divine  service." 

Among  the  changes  thus  referred  to,  aside  from 
those  in  the  imprecatory  passages,  are  the  following : 


Curious  Versions. 


231 


Psalm  xxix.  8.  The  voice  of  the  Lord  maketh  the  oaks  to  tremble, 
and  layeth  open  the  thick  forests. 

Psalm  xciv.  20.  Wilt  thou  have  anything  to  do  with  the  throne  of 
wickedness ;  which  establisheth  iniquity  by  a  law? 

It  is  not  known  that  this  version  was  ever  used. 
The  book  is  a  very  rare  one,  and  it  is  quite  likely 
that  not  a  half-dozen  copies  have  survived. 

Lilly,  Wait,  Colman  &  Holden  of  Boston  printed 
in  1833  what  claimed  to  be  "  A  New  and  Corrected 
Version  of  the  New  Testament."  It  was  edited  by 
Rev.  Rodolphus  Dickinson,  "  Rector  of  St.  Paul's  par- 
ish. District  of  Pendleton,  South  Carolina."  The 
American  Monthly  Reviezv  for  March,  1833,  says: 
"  Apart  from  its  literary  execution,  this  professed 
translation  has  no  distinctive  character;  and  as  the 
author — in  his  preface  —  places  his  chief  reliance 
on  the  rhetorical  embellishments  with  which  he  has 
adorned  the  sacred  text,  we  are  constrained  to  award 
a  verdict  of  unqualified  condemnation." 

The  reckless  and  freehanded  nature  of  the  transla- 
tion may  be  judged  by  the  quotations  that  follow : 

St.  Matthew  xviii.  10.  Beware  that  you  do  not  disdain  one  of  the 
least  of  these ;  for  I  tell  you,  that  their  attendant  messengers  in  the 
heavens  incessantly  survey  the  face  of  my  heavenly  Father. 

St.  Luke  xvi.  13.  No  domestic  can  serve  two  masters  j  for  he  will 
either  hate  one  and  love  the  other ;  or  at  least  will  attend  one,  and 
neglect  the  other.     You  cannot  serve  God  and  an  idol. 

John  iii.  3.  Except  a  man  be  reproduced,  he  cannot  realize  the 
reign  of  God. 


/ 


232 


Early  Bibles. 


4.  Nicodemus  says  to  him,  How  can  a  man  be  produced  when 
he  is  mature?  Can  he  again  pass  into  a  state  of  embryo,  and  be 
produced? 

Acts  i.  18.  And  (Judas)  falling  prostrate,  a  violent  internal  spasm 
ensued,  and  all  his  viscera  were  emitted. 

xxvi.  24.  Festus  declared  with  a  loud  voice:  Paul,  you  are  insane! 
Multiplied  research  drives  you  to  distraction. 


In  1848  S.  H.  Colesworthy  of  Portland,  Me.,  pub- 
lished a  translation  of  the  New  Testament  made  by 
Jonathan  Morgan,  a  lawyer  of  the  same  city.  In  the 
preface  the  translator  says :  "  I  have  two  objects  in 
view  in  this  translation  :  one,  to  give  the  true  reading 
of  the  Greek  text  in  English,  without  any  reference 
to  creed  or  sect ;  the  other,  to  have  the  translation 
in  pure  English,  unadulterated  by  the  dogmas,  tradi- 
tions, and  errors  as  now  taught  in  all  the  universities 
and  schools  in  America  and  England."  As  might 
be  expected  from  this  language,  the  translation  is 
both  unusual  and  curious.  Here  are  some  passages 
selected  at  random : 

.St.  Luke  ii.  10.  And  the  angel  said  unto  them,  Fear  not,  for,  be- 
hold, I  gospelize  unto  you  great  joy,  which  shall  be  unto  all  people. 

V.  26.  And  an  ecstasy  came  upon  all,  and  they  glorified  God,  and 
were  filled  with  fear,  saying,  We  have  seen  paradoxies  to-day. 

viii.  24.  And  approaching,  they  awoke  him,  saying,  Governor,  gov- 
ernor, we  are  perishing. 

2  Cor.  ii.  6.  This  franchise  is  sufficient  for  any  one,  which  is  from 
the  majority. 

2  Cor.  v.  13.  For,  if  we  are  deranged,  it  is  for  God,  if  temperate, 
for  you. 


/ 


Curious  Versions. 


233 


I  Tim.  iv.  2.  Having  their  consciences  cauterized. 
Rev.  iv.  6.  In  the  presence  of  the  throne,  was  a  vitriolic  sea  like 
crystal. 

The  orthography  of  the  book  is  as  singular  as 
the  translation.  Here  are  samples :  "  tung,"  "  thru," 
"  synagog,"  "  lik,"  "  brot,"  etc. 

In  1852  Henry  Oliphant,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  printed 
a  portion  of  the  New  Testament  for  Hezekiah  Wood- 
ruflf,  who  desired  to  render  the  words  of  Scripture 
after  the  language  of  our  day.  Here  are  a  few  ex- 
amples of  his  efforts,  with  the  original  spelling : 

St.  Matt.  iii.  4.  His  foocl  was  small  animals  and  vegitable  honey. 

V.  6.  Happy  are  they  who  hunger  and  thirst  for  correctness. 

20.  Unless  your  correctness  should  exceed  the  correctness  of  the 
clergy. 

xxvi.  24.  The  Son-of-man  maketh  his  exit. 

49.  Immediately  he  [Judas]  came  to  the  Saviour  and  said.  Your 
most  obedient,  Preceptor. 


It  is  a  relief  to  know  that  this  book  ended  with 
the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew. 

At  various  times  editions  of  the  New  Testament 
have  appeared  which  were  translated  in  the  interests 
of  certain  sectarian  bodies.  In  1 849  Joshua  V.  Himes 
of  Boston  published  a  "  Millerite  "  New  Testament. 

Judge  Egbert  Benson,  who  presided  over  the  Su- 
preme  Court  of  New  York  from  1794  to  1812,  trans- 
lated and  had  published  the  Apostolic  Epistles,  in 


234 


Early  Bibles. 


which  he  substituted  the  word  "  love  "  for  "  charity," 
and  the  word  "  overseer  "  for  "  bishop." 

The  American  Publishing  Company  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  issued  in  1876  an  octavo  edition  of  the  Bible 
which  is  a  translation  by  Miss  Julia  £.  Smith  of  Glas- 
tonbury, in  the  same  State.  In  the  preface  she  says : 
"  I  continued  my  labors  and  wrote  out  the  Bible  five 
times,  twice  from  the  Greek,  twice  from  the  Hebrew, 
and  once  from  the  Latin — the  Vulgate.  These  three 
languages  were  written  over  the  head  of  our  Saviour. 
They  are  now  dead  languages  and  cannot  be  altered. 
The  whole  construction  is  so  complete  that  it  does 
not  seem  to  be  the  work  of  inspiration,  and  the  only 
communication  from  God  to  man,  for  all  time.  The 
work  is  given  in  types,  in  figures,  in  parables,  and  in 
dark  sayings,  a  knowledge  of  which  is  gained,  as  all 
other  knowledge  is  gained,  by  the  desire  of  the  heart 
to  learn  it.  It  may  be  thought  by  the  public  in  gen- 
eral that  I  have  great  confidence  in  myself,  in  not 
conferring  with  the  learned  in  so  great  a  work ;  but 
as  there  is  but  one  book  in  the  Hebrew  tongue,  and 
I  have  defined  it,  word  for  word,  I  do  not  see  how 
anybody  can  know  more  about  it  than  I  do."  A 
few  quotations  will  show  the  singular  drift  of  this 
translation : 


Psalm  xvii.  8.  Watch  me  as  the  pupil  of  the  daughter  of  the  eye : 
thou  wilt  hide  me  in  the  shadow  of  thy  wings. 


Curious  Versions. 


235 


Prov.  XV.  1 7.  Good  a  ration  of  herbs  and  love  there,  above  an  ox 
of  th*  stalk  and  hatred  with  it. 

St.  Matt.  v.  15.  Neither  do  they  burn  a  light,  and  set  it  under  a 
basket,  but  upon  a  chandelier :  and  it  shines  to  all  in  the  house. 

xiii.  45.  Again,  the  kingdom  of  the  heavens  is  like  to  a  man,  a 
wholesale  merchant,  seeking  beautiful  pearls. 

xvi.  2-3.  And  he  having  answered,  said  to  them,  It  being  evening, 
ye  say.  Calm  weather :  for  the  heaven  is  fiery  red. 

And  in  the  morning,  To-day,  wintry  weather :  for  heaven  being  sad, 
is  fiery  red.  Hypocrites,  truly  ye  know  to  decide  the  face  of  heaven, 
but  the  signs  of  the  times  ye  cannot. 

xxvi.  33.  And  Peter  having  answered,  said  to  him,  And  if  all  men 
shall  be  scandalized  in  thee,  I  will  never  be  scandalized. 

St.  Luke  vi.  41.  And  why  beholdest  thou  the  dried  straw  in  thy 
brother's  eye,  and  perceivest  hot  the  beam  in  thine  own  eye? 

St.  James  i.  27.  Religion  pure  and  unpolluted  before  God  and  the 
Father  is  this,  To  take  a  view  of  the  orphans  and  widows  in  their 
pressure,  to  keep  himself  free  from  stain  from  the  world. 


A  most  absurd  case  of  prudery  is  exhibited  in  the 
publication  of  the  Book  of  Proverbs  by  Peter  Stew- 
art of  Philadelphia,  in  1 788,  in  which  all  verses  of  a 
sexual  nature  are  omitted,  and  their  places  supplied 
with  asterisks. 

It  may  be  said  in  passing  that  curious  versions  of 
the  Bible  are  not  confined  to  early  issues,  for  as  late 
as  1884  a  book  with  both  a  New  York  and  London 
imprint  was  given  to  the  reading  public,  by  Ferrar 
Fenton,  entitled  "  St.  Paul's  Epistles  in  Modern 
English."  A  few  of  these  modernized  passages  are 
given : 

I  Cor.  X.  14.  My  darlings,  fly  from  the  idol  feasts. 


236 


Early  Bibles. 


xi.  14.  Does  not  the  nature  itself  teach  you,  that  if  a  man  should 
have  long  curls  it  is  a  dishonor  to  him? 

15.  Uut  if  a  woman  has  long  curls  it  is  an  honor  to  her,  because 
the  curls  are  given  to  her  for  a  vesture. 

xiv.  4.  The  linguist  instructs  himself,  but  the  preacher  instructs 
the  assembly. 

xvi.  10.  Dut  if  Timothy  comes,  see  that  you  take  care  that  he  i» 
not  bullied  by  you. 

2  Cor.  v.  2.  And,  indeed,  we  groan  in  this,  longing  to  be  endowed 
with  our  little  cottage  from  heaven. 

X.  12.  Mowever,  we  don't  dare  to  compete  or  compare  ourselves 
with  some  of  those  self-laudators,  for  they,  measuring  themselves  with 
themselves,  and  comparing  themselves  to  themselves,  are  themselves 
rather  irreflective. 

2  Tim.  i.  13.  Take  a  draught  of  health  giving  fdeos. 

ii.  4.  A  campaigner  never  involves  himself  with  the  affairs  of  life, 
so  that  he  may  please  his  commander. 

6.  The  working  farmer  ought  to  eat  first  of  his  crops. 

Tncs  iii.  15.   Regards  to  all  who  love  us  in  faith. 


Serious  errors  in  the  printing  of  American  Bibles 
are  not  \ery  numerous,  considering  the  large  editions 
of  the  Scriptures  that  have  been  issued.  There  is  a 
curious  mistake  in  Eliot's  Indian  Bible  in  the  account 
of  the  ten  virgins.  Dr.  Trumbull  says :  "  Among  the 
Indians  chastity  was  a  masculine  virtue,  and  Eliot's 
Natick  interpreter  did  not  understand  that  the  noun 
wanted  -was  feminine.  Subsequent  instruction  doubt- 
less made  the  matter  clear,  but  in  the  Indian  Bible 
the  parable  in  Matthew  xxv.  i-i  2  is  of  '  the  ten  chaste 
young  men '  ('  piukqussuogpenompaog ' — the  syllable 


Curious  Versions. 


237 


'omp'  marking  the  masculine  gender),  and  so  in 
every  place  in  which  '  virgin '  occurs  in  the  English 
version,  though  in  most  cases  the  context  clearly  es- 
tablishes the  true  gender.  The  right  word  was  '  keeg- 
squau,'  which  is  to  be  found  (though  seldom  used) 
in  every  Algonquian  language." 

In  the  edition  of  the  New  Testament  published  by 
A.  Morse  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1790,  the  substi- 
tution of  an  "  s  "  for  an  "  f  "  makes  Philippians  ii.  8, 
read,  "  And  being  sound  in  fashion." 

An  edition  of  the  New  Testament  published  at 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  1829,  rendered  James  v.  17,  "  Elias 
was  a  man  possible  like  unto  us." 

The  Version  Committee  of  the  American  Bible 
Society,  in  their  report,  on  page  15,  state — though 
they  do  not  give  the  date  and  imprint — that  a  Bible 
printed  in  this  country  renders  Galatians  iv.  27  thus: 
"  For  it  is  written.  Rejoice,  thou  barren  that  bearest 
not;  break  forth  and  cry,  thou  that  travailest  not; 
for  the  desolate  hath  many  more  children  than  she 
which  hath  an  hundred,"  instead  of  "  husband." 

A  Paragraph  Testament  published  in  Boston  in 
1834  has  this  blunder  in  Romans  iv.  5  :  "  His  faith  is 
counted  for  unrighteousness." 

A  Bible  published  at  Hartford  in  1837  printed 
2  Timothy  iii.  16  in  this  way :  "  All  Scripture  is  given 


238 


Early  Bibles. 


by  inspiration  of  God,  and  is  profitable  for  doctrine, 
for  reproof,  for  correction,  for  destruction  in  right- 
eousness." 

An  edition  of  the  Bible  printed  by  the  American 
Bible  Society  in  1855  has  this  reading  of  St.  Mark 
V.  3 :  "  Who  had  his  dwelling  among  the  lambs,"  in 
place  of  "  tombs." 

In  one  of  the  early  editions  of  the  Bible  printed 
by  Harding  of  Philadelphia,  a  singular  mistake  was 
made  in  i  Kings  i.  2 1 ,  where  the  words  "  the  king 
shall  t  sleep  with  his  fathers  "  was  rendered  in  print, 
"  the  king  shall  dagger  sleep  with  his  fathers."  This 
is  certainly  the  most  literal  following  of  "  copy  "  on 
record. 


on 


Tac-simile  of  the  picture  entitled  "  Paul  shaking  the  viper  from  hiH  band."    Engraved 
by  Amos  Doolittlc  for  the  Thomas  Bil>le  of  1791.    Keduced  size. 


THE  ENGRAVINGS  OF  EARLY   BIBLES. 


The  literature  of  a  new  region  grows  slowly,  and 
the  pictorial  in  art  grows  still  more  slowly.  Printing 
was  known  and  practised  in  this  country  for  more 
than  one  hundred  years  before  the  first  copper-plate 
engraving  was  executed.  The  early  engravers  were, 
in  several  instances,  men  who  had  no  previous  know- 
ledge of  the  art,  but  were  drawn  into  it  by  the  neces- 
sities and  opportunities  that  surrounded  them.  This 
was  especially  the  case  with  William  RoUinson,  who 
came,  while  a  young  man,  from  England  to  seek 
employment  here,  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade,  which 
was  that  of  an  engraver  of  gold  or  gilt  buttons,  these 
buttons  being  prominent  ornaments  on  the  costumes 
of  colonial  times.  He  was  called  upon  not  long  after 
his  arrival  to  figure  In  an  event  that  gave  him  through 
many  years  special  satisfaction.  Mr.  Dunlap  writes  :^ 
"  General  Knox,  first  secretary  of  war  under  the  Fed- 
eral Government,  employed  Mr.  RoUinson  to  chase 

1  "  History  of  the  Arts  of  Design  in  the  United  States,"  vol.  i., 

P-  IS9- 

239 


240 


Early  Bibles. 


I 


the  arms  of  the  United  States  upon  a  set  of  gilt  but- 
tons for  the  coat  which  was  worn  by  General  Wash- 
ington on  the  memorable  day  of  his  inauguration  as 
President.  Soon  after  General  Knox  called  to  make 
payment,  but  the  young  Englishman  had  caught  the 
spirit  of  the  country  of  his  choice,  and  would  re- 
ceive no  compensation,  declaring  that  he  was  more 
than  paid  by  the  honor  of  having  worked  for  such  a 
man  on  such  an  occasion." 

Mr.  Rollinson's  trade  of  engraving  buttons  not 
proving  remunerative,  he  worked  for  several  silver- 
smiths until  1 79 1,  when  he  made  his  first  effort  at 
copper-plate  engraving,  his  earliest  work  being  a 
small  portrait  of  President  Washington.  RoUinson 
learned  the  art  by  his  own  perseverance  and  appli- 
cation, without  instruction  from  any  one.  His  pro- 
ficiency became  so  well  known  that  he  was  employed 
to  engrave  scriptural  scenes  for  Brown's  Self- Inter- 
preting Bible  published  in  New  York  in  1 792.  For 
the  Old  Testament  he  engraved  three  pictures,  bear- 
ing the  titles,  ■"  Solomon's  Temple,"  "  Vision  of  the 
Cherubim,"  and  "Jonah  under  the  Gourd."  For 
the  New  Testament  he  also  supplied  three  engrav- 
ings, namely,  "The  Impotent  Man  Healed,"  "Paul 
Shaking  off  the  Viper,"  and  "  The  Angel  Presenting 
the  Book."  The  frontispiece  of  the  New  Testament 
of  this  Bible  is  a  map  of  the  Holy  Land.     It  is  well 


I 


•I 

\ 

The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles. 

241 

t 

1 

engraved,  and  was  the  work  of  Rollinson.  In  the 
Folio  Bible  printed  for  Berriman  &  Co.  of  Phila- 
delphia in  1796  there  are  three  engravings  by  Rol- 
linson, representing  the  following  subjects :  "  Sam- 
son Slaying  the  Philistines,"  "  He  Betrayeth  Him  with 
a  Kiss,"  and  "  Paul  Presiding  at  Athens."  This  artist 
made  a  great  revolution  In  bank-note  engraving  by 
inventing  a  machine  to  rule  waved  lines. 

Another  early  engraver  was  Amos  Doolittle,  a 
native  of  Cheshire,  Conn.  He  resembled  Rollinson 
inasmuch  as  he  was  self-taught.  He  began  engrav- 
ing in  1775,  by  executing  four  views  of  the  battle 
of  Lexington  and  Concord,  which  are  among  the 
earliest  historical  engravings  made  in  this  country. 
He  engraved  for  the  Thomas  Bible  of  1791  "Paul 
Shaking  the  Viper  from  his  Hand."  He  also  con- 
tributed six  pictures  to  the  Hodge  and  Campbell 
Bible  of  1792.  These  were  his  subjects:  "David 
and  Bathsheba,"  "  David  Playing  on  a  Harp,"  "  Dan- 
iel in  the  Lions'  Den,"  "The  Flight  into  Egypt," 
"  Christ  Restoring  Bartimeus  to  Sight,"  and  "  The 
Angel  Appearing  to  Mary."  In  the  Berriman  Bible 
of  1796  there  are  two  of  his  engravings,  representing 
"The  Triumph  of  David"  and  "Judas  Maccabseus 
Defeats  the  Samarian  Army."  He  engraved  "  Christ 
Baptized  "  for  a  Life  of  our  Lord,  published  by  Wil- 
liam Durell  of  New  York  in  1801.    In  Carey's  quarto 


242 


Early  Bibles. 


Bible  of  1815  there  is  one  engraving  by  Doolittle, 
entitled  "  Lazarus  at  the  Gate  of  Dives." 

Cornelius  Tiebout,  who  was  bom  in  New  York  in 
1777  and  died  in  1830,  was  a  prolific  engraver,  and 
lived  to  illustrate  numerous  editions  of  the  Bible.  He 
spent  two  years  in  London  in  the  study  of  engrav- 
ing, and  was  the  first  American  artist  who  received 
his  education  abroad.  In  Brown's  Self-Interpreting 
Bible  of  1 792  he  has  three  pictures,  "  Moses  Before 
the  Burning  Bush,"  "  Samson  Killing  the  Lion," 
and  "  Elijah  and  Elisha.  "  In  the  Berriman  Bible  of 
1 796  there  are  five  representations  by  this  artist.  In 
the  Carey  quarto  edition  of  7801  Tiebout  contributed 
five  engravings.  In  the  Bible  of  1804  by  the  same 
publisher,  all  the  engravings,  twenty  in  number,  bear 
the  signature  of  Tiebout.  Again,  in  1805,  we  meet 
the  artist's  signature  to  four  engravings  of  the  Carey 
Bible  of  that  year,  and  the  edition  of  1806  has  five 
more.  The  quarto  Bible  of  Collins,  Perkins  &  Co., 
New  York,  of  1807,  has  a  portrait  of  St.  Paul  by 
Tiebout.  His  ability  as  an  engraver  was  recognized 
not  only  in  historical  pictures  for  the  Bible,  but  in 
other  directions,  for  from  celebrated  oil-paintings  of 
the  day  he  engraved  portraits  of  Washington,  Gen- 
eral Gates,  John  Jay,  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  Bishop 
White. 

Benjamin  Tanner  was  a  pupil  of  Tiebout,  and  was 


V 


/ 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  243 


engaged  extensively  in  bank-note  engraving  and  the 
publication  of  maps.  His  work  in  the  way  of  scrip- 
tural scenes  is  found  in  the  Carey  Bibles  of  1801, 
1803,  1805,  and  181 2.  In  the  edition  published  by 
Collins,  Perkins  &  Co.  in  1807,  Tanner  has  an  en- 
graving of  "  Moses  Presenting  the  Tables,"  and  a 
"  Map  of  the  Country  Traveled  by  the  Apostles." 
In  the  Bible  of  18 16,  printed  by  Collins  &  Co.,  one 
illustration  was  furnished  by  the  same  artist. 

Of  Joseph  Seymour  very  little  is  known.  His 
name  appears  conspicuously  in  connection  with  the 
Thomas  folio  Bible  of  1791,  for  out  of  the  fifty  illus- 
trations thirty-two  bear  the  signature  of  this  en- 
graver. Other  Bibles  contain  his  engravings,  but 
they  are  the  same  plates  repeated  from  the  Thomas 
edition.  His  residence  was  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  engaged  both  in  engraving  and  in  landscape 
painting. 

The  patriotic  frontispiece  in  Brown's  Self- Interpret- 
ing Bible  of  1 792  was  designed  by  William  Dunlap, 
an  artist  of  note  in  oil-painting.  He  was  the  author 
of  several  books,  and  for  many  years  a  prominent 
citizen  of  New  York  City. 

One  of  the  most  gifted  and  brilliant  of  the  early 
engravers  was  Peter  Maverick,  who  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1780.  From  his  earliest  youth  he  mani- 
fested a  proclivity  for  art.     When  he  was  between 


244 


Early  Bibles. 


nine  and  ten  years  of  age  he  engraved  a  representa- 
tion of  "  Adam  and  Eve  "  as  a  frontispiece  for  an 
illustrated  history  of  the  Bible  published  by  Hodge, 
Allen  &  Campbell  of  New  York  in  1790.  The 
engraving  of  "Ruth",  in  Brown's  Self- Interpreting 
Bible  was  executed  by  him  or  his  father,  who  was 
also  an  artist.  For  the  edition  of  Collins,  Perkins 
&  Co.  of  1807  the  younger  Maverick  engraved  as  a 
frontispiece  to  the  New  Testament  "  The  Holy  Fam- 
ily," after  the  painting  by  Caracci.  This  was  so  ad- 
mirably done  that  it  called  out  the  warmest  approval 
of  Trumbull.  The  best  examples  of  Maverick's  art 
are  to  be  found  in  the  Collins  Bible  of  18 16.  With 
ii  free  and  heroic  hand  he  reproduced  in  engraving 
the  paintings  of  several  of  the  great  masters.  The 
frontispiece  to  the  Old  Testament  is  "  The  Murder 
of  Abel,"  after  Sacchi.  The  frontispiece  to  the  New 
Testament  is  "  The  Virgin  and  Child,"  after  Raphael, 
the  joint  work  of  D.  Edwin  and  Maverick.  Two  of 
Rembrandt's  paintings  are  engraved,  namely,  "  Jacob 
Blessing  the  Sons  of  Joseph  "  and  '  The  Good  Sa- 
maritan," the  first  by  Fairman  and  Maverick,  and 
the  second  by  Kearny  and  Maverick.  "  Joseph  In- 
terpreting Pharaoh's  Dream,"  after  Guercino,  was 
produced  by  Boyd  and  Maverick.  In  conjunction 
with  Tiebout  the  engraving  entit'cti  "  St.  Paul  "  was 
furnished.      The  great  painting  by  W^est,  "  Elisha 


:,■ 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  245 


Restoreth  the  Shunamite's  Son  to  Life,"  was  en- 
graved alone  by  Maverick. 

The  skill  of  this  artist  drew  to  his  studio  many 
pupils  who  desired  his  instruction,  and  among  others 
A.  B.  Durand.  Maverick  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  National  Academy  in  1826.  He  had  a  wide  rep- 
utation as  engraver  of  portraits,  and  among  his  best 
efforts  in  this  line  were  those  of  pictures  of  Wash- 
ington, Henry  Clay,  Andrew  Jackson,  and  the  Rt. 
Rev.  Benjamin  Moore,  the  second  bishop  of  New 
York. 

Thomas  Gimbrede  was  born  in  France,  in  1781, 
and  came  to  America  in  1802,  and  followed  engrav- 
ing in  New  York  for  several  years.  In  18 19  he  was 
appointed  teacher  of  drawing  at  West  Point,  and  held 
his  position  until  his  death,  in  1832.  He  engraved 
a  plate  entitled  "  The  Dismissal,  of  Hagar  and  Ish- 
mael,"  that  appeared  in  the  quarto  Bible  of  Collins 
&  Co.  for  the  year  181 7.  The  engraving  reappears 
in  other  Bibles  of  a  later  date.  In  his  secular  work 
he  is  chiefly  remembered  by  a  portrait  of  Commodore 
Perry,  and  a  group  of  the  four  Presidents,  Washing- 
ton, Adams,  Jefferson,  and  Madison.  His  son,  Joseph 
N.  Gimbrede,  was  born  at  West  Point,  in  1820,  and 
inherited  the  artistic  temperament  of  his  father.  The 
quarto  Bible  published  by  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro. 
of  New  York  in  1852  has,  as  a  frontispiece  to  the 


246 


Early  Bibles. 


Old  Testament,  "  Moses  Receiving  the  Tables  of  the 
Law,"  and  in  the  New  Testament  a  picture  of  the 
"  Annunciation."  Both  of  these  were  engraved  by- 
Joseph  N.  Gimbrede.  He  also  executed  the  well- 
known  engraving  of  "  Washington  Crossing  the  Dela- 
ware Previous  to  the  Battle  of  Trenton." 

Francis  Kearny,  who  was  a  frequent  engraver  of 
religious  subjects,  was  born  at  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J. 
about  the  year  1780.  He  early  indicated  a  love 
of  art,  and  at  eighteen  years  of  age  was  placed 
under  the  instruction  of  Maverick,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained for  three  years.  For  a  time  he  did  business 
in  New  York,  but  in  18 10  removed  to  Philadelphia. 
In  1820  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Tanner  and 
others  to  carry  on  bank-note  engraving.  After  three 
years  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  and  Kearny 
turned  his  attention  to  book  engraving.  Many  of 
the  illustrations  in  the  early  Bibles  came  from  his 
hand.  The  quarto  Bible  of  Collins  &  Co.  published 
in  1 8 14  in  New  York  contained  a  picture  of  "The 
Good  Samaritan  "  by  Kearny.  Also  he  engraved 
"John  the  Baptist  Baptizing,"  after  the  painting  by 
Poussin,  in  the  Collins  Bible  of  18 16.  In  1823  Kim- 
ber  &  Sharpless  of  Philadelphia  published  a  quarto 
Bible  with  an  engraving  of  "  The  Murder  of  Abel," 
after  Sacchi,  and  "  The  Deluge,"  after  Poussin.  Con- 
ner &  Cooke  of  New  York  issued  a  i2mo  Bible,  in 


/ 


in 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles,  247 

which  the  frontispiece  to  the  New  Testament  repre- 
sents "  Christ  Blessing  the  Bread,"  from  the  painting 
of  Carlo  Dolci,  and  another  engraving  of  "  Christ 
Blessing  Little  Children,"  after  the  picture  of  Benja- 
min West.  All  these  engravings  were  by  Kearny, 
In  1839  Robert  P.  Desilver  of  Philadelphia  published  a 
i2mo  Bible  with  seven  engravings  wholly  the  work  of 
the  same  artist.  The  quarto  Bible  issued  at  Auburn 
and  Buffalo  in  1857  had  several  pictures  that  had 
the  signature  of  Kearny.  Some  of  his  engravings 
were  made  in  company  with  Maverick  and  other  art- 
ists. Judging  from  the  large  number  of  his  bibli- 
cal pictures,  Kearny  must  have  been  a  very  facile 
workman. 

John  B.  Neagle,  an  English  engraver,  came  to 
America  while  a  young  man,  and  settled  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  died  in  1866,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five. 
He  was  an  industrious  artist,  and  has  left  many  ex- 
amples of  his  skill.  Of  the  twenty-seven  engravings 
in  the  Brown  Self-Interpreting  Bible  published  by 
T.  Kinnersley  of  New  York  in  1822,  thirteen  are  by 
Neagle.  In  the  quarto  Bible  of  Kimber  &  Sharpless 
issued  at  Philadelphia  in  1823,  the  frontispiece  to  the 
Old  Testament,  representing  "  The  Last  Supper,"  and 
the  frontispiece  to  the  New  Testament,  of  "  Mariae 
Virginis,"  are  illustrations  of  Neagle's  work.  The 
folio  Bible  from  the  Latin  Vulgate,  printed  by  Eu- 


V 


248 


Early  Bibles. 


gene  Cummiskey  at  Philadelphia  in  1825,  contains 
eight  engravings  by  the  same  artist.  The  frontis- 
piece to  the  New  Testament  is  "  Christ  Giving  the 
Keys  to  Peter."  The  Bible  in  two  quarto  volumes 
published  by  S.Walker  of  Boston  in  1826  has  four 
of  Neagle's  pictures.  The  quarto  edition  of  the 
Scriptures,  with  the  imprint  of  Langdon  Coffin  of 
Boston,  in  the  year  1831,  the  i2mo  Polyglot  Bible 
of  Thomas,  Cowperthwaite  &  Co.,  Philac'<Jphia,  1839, 
the  folio  Bible  of  Joseph  Neal  of  Brilttrnore,  1851, 
and  the  quarto  Bible  published  by  John  E.  Beards- 
ley,  at  Auburn  and  Buffalo,  in  1857,  have  examples 
of  Neagle's  engraving.  That  his  pictures  were  re- 
peated in  various  editions  is  a  tribute  to  the  excel- 
lence of  his  workmanship. 

Of  J.  Boyd  little  can  be  said  except  that  he  was 
engaged  in  engraving  in  Philadelphia  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century.  He  engraved  "  The  Deluge  " 
and  "  Joseph  Interpreting  Pharaoh's  Dream  "  for  the 
Collins  Bible  of  18 14,  and  also  "John  the  Baptist  in 
the  Wilderness,"  "The  Three  Marys  at  the  Sepul- 

* 

cher,"  and  "Thomas's  Incredulity,"  for  the  Collins 
reissue  of  1816.  These  engravings  are  met  again 
in  Bibles  of  a  later  date.  Several  pictures  have  the 
twofold  signature  of  Boyd  and  Maverick. 

Gideon  Fairman  rose  to  considerable  distinction 
as  a  bank-note  engraver.     He  was  born  at  Newton, 


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The  Engravings  jof  Early  Bibles.  249 


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Conn.,  June  26,  1774,  and  died  April  18,  1827.  He 
was  in  humble  circumstances  in  early  life,  and  was 
apprenticed  to  a  blacksmith.  His  rude  efforts  at 
engraving  led  him  to  higher  fields  than  the  forge 
could  offer,  and  at  eighteen  years  of  age  he  walked 
to  Hudson,  on  the  North  River,  and  then  made  his 
way  to  Albany,  where  he  found  employment  with 
Isaac  and  George  Hutton,  who  were  jewelers  and  en- 
gravers. Success  followed  him,  and  he  entered  into 
business  for  himself  in  1796.  In  1810  he  went  to 
Philadelphia,  and  engaged  in  engraving  with  other 
experts.  The  firm  to  which  he  belonged  made  so 
many  improvements  in  engraving  that  tlic  Bank  of 
England  awarded  them  ;^5ooo  for  accurate  and  in- 
genious work.  The  examples  of  biblical  engraving 
by  P'airman  are  not  numerous.  He  engraved  the 
frontispiece  of  the  Old  Testament  in  the  quarto  Bible 
of  Collins,  Perkins  &  Co.,  published  in  New  York  in 
1807.*  The  subject  is  "  Providence,"  from  a  painting 
by  Caracci.  With  Maverick  he  engraved  after  Rem- 
brandt, "  Jacob  Blessing  the  Sons  of  Joseph,"  which 
appeared  in  the  Collins  &  Co.  Bible  of  18 16.  This 
last  picture  also  was  inserted  in  the  Kimber  &  Sharp- 
less  Bible  issued  at  Philadelphia  in  1823. 

Thomas  Kelly  was  an  Irishman  by  birth,  but  early 
learned  engraving  in  Boston.  The  particulars  of  his 
life  are  not  known.     He  engraved  two  scenes  for 


250 


Early  Bibles. 


the  Brown  Self-Interpreting  Bible  of  1822,  namely, 
"  Philistines  Sending  Back  the  Ark  "  and  "  David's 
Victory  over  Goliath."  The  Cummiskey  Bible  of 
1825  has  a  "View  of  Jerusalem"  by  Kelly,  and 
three  other  engravings.  The  subject  of  the  frontis- 
piece to  the  Old  Testament  in  the  Bible  printed  by 
S.  Walker  at  Boston  in  1 826  is  "  Moses  Pointing 
to  Christ.  Unto  Him  Ye  Shall  Listen."  This,  with 
"Ahasuerus  and  Esther,"  are  the  products  of  Kelly's 
genius.  The  Columbian  Family  and  Pulpit  Bible  of 
1822  has  five  engravings  by  Kelly,  and  his  work  is 
seen  in  several  other  editions  of  the  Bible  in  later 
years. 

John  Chorley  was  a  Boston  artist,  who  engraved 
the  frontispiece  to  the  Old  Testament  in  the  Colum- 
bian Bible  last  mentioned.  It  represents  "  The  High 
Priest."  In  the  same  book  there  are  twelve  other 
engravings  by  him. 

Joseph  Andrews  was  born  at  Hingham,  Mass., 
August  17,  1806.  At  fifteen  years  of  age  he  went 
to  Boston  and  studied  wood  and  copper-plate  en- 
graving. In  1827  he  entered  into  the  engraving 
and  printing  business  with  his  brother  at  Lancaster, 
Mass.  In  later  years  he  visited  London,  Paris,  and 
Florence  to  perfect  himself  in  his  art.  He  died  at 
Boston,  May  7,  1873.  The  quarto  Bible  published 
by  Edmund  Cushing  at  Luenburg,  Mass.,  in  1828, 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  251 


contains  an  engraving  of  "  Adam  Naming  the  Crea- 
tion," which  is  signed  "  F.  and  J.  Andrews,  Lancas- 
ter, Mass  "  The  fame  of  Joseph  Andrews  does  not 
rest  upon  the  treatment  of  religious  subjects,  but 
upon  his  portraits  of  Washington  and  Franklin,  and 
his  historical  picture  named  "Plymouth,  1620." 

David  Edwin,  a  well-known  engraver  in  his  day, 
was  a  native  of  Bath,  England,  where  he  was  born 
in  1776.  He  worked  his  way  to  America  in  a  sail- 
ing-ship, and  after  a  voyage  of  nearly  five  months 
landed  at  Philadelphia  in  1 797.  He  died  in  the  lat- 
ter city,  February  22,  1841.  His  chief  success  was 
in  the  direction  of  portrait  engraving.  He  has  left 
us  but  little  in  the  way  of  biblical  art.  Associated 
with  Maverick,  he  engraved  a  picture  of  "  The  Virgin 
Mary  and  Child  "  for  the  Collins  Bible  of  18 14. 

William  E.  Tucker  was  instructed  in  the  art  of 
engraving  by  Kearny,  and  attained  much  reputation 
for  the  work  he  furnished  magazines.  He  was  born 
at  Philadelphia  in  1801,  and  died  there  in  1857. 
He  engraved  the  frontispiece  to  the  Brown  Self-In- 
terpreting Bible  of  1 85 1,  published  at  Baltimore  by 
Joseph  Neal.  "  Christ  Weeping  Over  Jerusalem  "  is 
the  subject. 

A.  L.  Dick  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1833.  Prior  to  his  coming  he  had 
received  a  thorough  training  in  engraving  with  Rob- 


V, 


252 


Early  Bibles. 


ert  Scott  of  Edinburgh.  He  made  New  York  his 
place  of  business,  and  was  soon  widely  known  as  a 
first-class  engraver.  He  was  a  master  of  art,  and  his 
instruction  was  eagerly  sought  for  by  many  pupils. 
He  died  in  1865.  In  the  i2mo  Bible  published  by 
Conner  &  Cooke  of  New  York  in  1833,  the  first  en- 
graving is  by  Dick,  and  is  entitled  "  Scripture  Gen- 
ealogy, from  Adam  to  Christ."  He  also  engraved 
the  title-page  of  the  New  Testament  with  a  vignette, 
representing  "  The  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds,"  for 
the  quarto  Bible  published  by  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  of  New 
York  in  1845.  The  same  book  contains  five  other 
pictures  executed  by  him.  The  Bible  imprinted  by 
Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.  of  New  York  in  1852  has 
four  engravings  that  bear  the  name  of  Dick.  The 
octavo  Bible  issued  by  the  Dunigan  firm  in  1855 
has  "  The  Judgment  of  Solomon,"  engraved  after  the 
painting  by  Kubens,  and  also  three  other  engravings 
by  Dick ;  but  these  last  illustrations  appeared  before 
in  other  issues.  The  Sadlier  quarto  of  1853  has  by 
the  same  engraver  a  representation  of  "Jerusalem," 
after  the  picture  of  \V.  H.  Bartlett. 

Henry  B.  Hall,  an  English  engraver  of  high  repute, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1850,  and  readily  found 
employment  among  leading  book  men  of  New  York. 
He  engraved  for  the  Sadlier  quarto  Bible  of  1853 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  253 


"The  Descent  from  the  Cross,"  after  the  famous 
painting  of  Rubens. 

George  W.  Hatch,  a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
York  and  a  pupil  of  A.  B.  Durand,  is  represented 
artistically  in  the  frontispiece  of  the  second  volume 
of  the  octavo  Bible  published  by  Gray  &  Bowen  of 
Boston  in  1831  ;  the  subject  is  Correggio's  "  Mary 
Magdalen  Reading  the  Scriptures." 

William  Hoogland  was  a  Boston  engraver,  his  busi- 
ness in  that  city  dating  from  the  year  1825.  He 
supplied  the  portrait  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Scott  for  the 
edition  of  Scott's  Family  Bible,  published  in  Boston 
by  Samuel  T.  Armstrong  in  1827. 

Alexander  Lawson  was  born  in  Ravenstruthers, 
Scotland,  December  19,  1772.  He  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1 792,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia.  He  died  in 
1846.  His  art  ran  mainly  to  the  illustration  of  books 
and  ornithology.  He  engraved  the  frontispiece  to 
the  hot-press  Bible  published  by  John  Thompson 
and  Abraham  Small  at  Philadelphia  in  1 798. 

William  S.  Leney  was  an  Englishman  by  birth,  and 
on  coming  to  this  country  in  the  early  part  of  this 
century  entered  into  partnership  with  William  Rollin- 
son,  in  the  business  of  bank-note  engraving.  Leney 
was  the  engraver  of  four  illustrations  in  the  Collins, 
Perkins  &  Co.  Bible  of  1807,  as  follows:  "Finding 


254 


Early  Bibles. 


of  Moses,"  "  Elijah  Raising  the  Widow's  Son,"  "  St. 
Matthew,"  and  "  St.  Luke." 

James  B.  Longacre,  a  well-known  line  and  stipple 
engraver,  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  August  1 1, 
1794,  and  died  at  Philadelphia,  January  i,  1869. 
He  did  a  large  amount  of  work  as  a  portrait  engraver, 
and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  United  States  Mint  for 
twenty-five  years  in  making  designs  for  coins.  He 
made  an  engraving  from  West's  painting  of  "  EHsha 
Restoring  the  Widow's  Son,"  which  appeared  in  the 
i2mo  Polyglot  Bible  published  by  Conner  &  Cooke 
of  New  York  in  1833. 

John  McGoffin,  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  where  he 
was  born  in  181 3,  engraved  a  picture  of  "The  Holy 
Family,"  which  forms  the  frontispiece  to  the  New 
Testament  in  the  quarto  Bible  imprinted  by  E.  A. 
&  T.  T.  More,  Dayton,  O.,  in  1857. 

G.  Parker,  an  Englishman  by  birth,  built  up  his 
reputation  as  an  engraver  in  this  country.  He  fur- 
nished the  frontispiece  to  the  New  Testament  of  the 
quarto  Bible  of  Dunigan  &  Bro.  published  in  New 
York  in  1852.  His  subject  is  "Jesus  Christ."  In 
the  same  volume  he  has  an  engraving  of  "  The  In- 
fant St.  John."  In  Sadlier's  quarto  of  1853  Parker 
contributed  the  plate  entitled  "  Our  Saviour  in  the 
Garden,"  from  the  picture  by  Carlo  Dolci. 

Oliver  Pelton  developed  a  taste  for  art  at  an  early 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  255 


age,  and  had  a  successful  career.  He  was  born  at 
Portland,  Conn.,  August  15,  1799.  He  was  in  busi- 
ness for  many  years  in  Boston.  Later  he  removed 
to  Hartford,  Conn.  Two  engravings  by  him  may  be 
seen  in  the  i2mo  Bible  of  Silas  Andrus,  published 
at  Hartford  in  1828.  The  one  is  "  Moses  Receiving 
the  Law,"  and  the  other  "  Tavid  Playing  on  a  Harp." 

Stephen  A.  Schoff,  a  pupil  of  Oliver  Pelton,  was 
born  at  Danville,  Vt.,  January  16,  18 18.  A  specimen 
of  his  skill  may  be  seen  in  the  Brown  Self- Inter- 
preting Bible  published  at  Baltimore  in  185 1.  "  De- 
parture of  the  Israelites  from  Egypt "  is  the  subject 
treated. 

James  Smillie  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland, 
November  23,  1807,  and  in  that  country  received 
his  early  education  in  art.  He  came  to  New  York 
ia  1829,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  in  1834.  He  ere  long  became 
eminent  as  a  landscape  engraver.  He  is  best  known 
by  his  pictures  of  "The  Voyage  of  Life,"  after  Thomas 
Cole.  The  frontispiece  in  the  first  volume  of  the 
octavo  Bible  published  by  Gray  &  Bowen  of  Boston 
in  1 83 1  is  an  engraving  of  the  "Garden  of  Eden," 
made  by  Smillie  from  Thomas  Cole's  painting.  The 
i2mo  Bible  of  Conner  &  Cooke  of  1833  has  another 
engraving  by  Smillie,  of  "  Samson  Carrying  Off  the 
Gates  of  Gaza."     He  also  furnished  the  picture  en- 


256 


Early  Bibles. 


titled  "  Modern  Jerusalem  "  that  illustrates  the  octavo 
Bible  published  by  Carlton  &  Phillips  of  New  York 
in  1852. 

James  D.  Smillie,  his  son,  born  in  New  York  in 
1833,  followed  the  profession  of  his  father.  We 
have  two  specimens  of  his  art  in  the  quarto  Bibje 
issued  by  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.  of  New  York  in  1856. 
These  are  illustrations  of  the  "  Pool  of  Siloam  "  and 
the  "  Mount  of  Olives." 

John  Sartain  and  A.  H.  Richie,  engravers  of  com- 
paratively recent  times,  aided  to  embellish  the  quarto 
Bible  published  by  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.  of  Philadelphia 
in  the  year  1847. 

The  first  American  wood-engraver  was  Dr.  Alex- 
ander Anderson,  who  was  born  in  New  York  in  1 775, 
and  died  in  Jersey  City  in  1870.  Anderson  was 
born  with  the  artistic  spirit,  and  from  his  youth  was 
fond  of  sketching.  His  first  attempt  at  engraving 
was  made  when  he  was  twelve  years  old,  and  he 
was  wholly  self- instructed.  His  father  did  not  en- 
courage his  art  propensities,  but  designed  him  for  a 
physician.  He  was  sent  to  Columbia  College,  and 
was  graduated  at  that  institution  in  1 796.  But  his 
love  of  art  was  not  to  be  quenched,  and  in  1 798  he 
abandoned  the  medical  profession  and  returned  to 
engraving.  His  skill  brought  him  constantly  into 
demand,  and  he  illustrated  many  works,  including 


The  Engravings  of  Early  Bibles.  257 


editions  of  Shakespeare  and  Bell's  "  Anatomy."  He 
was  employed  for  many  years  in  illustrating  the  pub- 
lications of  the  American  Tract  Society.  Examples 
of  his  biblical  engravings  are  to  be  found  in  the  Bible 
of  1 80 1  printed  by  William  Durell  of  New  York,  that 
of  Collins,  Perkins  &  Co.  of  1807,  and  the  edition 
printed  by  George  Long  of  New  York  in  18 13. 

A  Bible  bearing  the  following  imprint,  "  Philadel- 
phia: Published  and  sold  by  Isaac  M.  Moss,  No.  12 
South  Fourth  Street,"  is  of  interest  to  collectors,  as 
it  contains  twenty  full-page  illustrations  by  Dr.  An- 
derson. No  date  is  on  either  of  the  title-pages.  It 
has  been  conjectured  that  the  year  of  publication 
was  about  1844.  Strangely  enough,  the  publisher 
was  a  Jew.    O'Callaghan  does  not  mention  this  Bible. 

Of  the  twenty  woodcuts,  nine  are  from  paintings 
of  note,  and  the  others  are  the  creations  of  the  en- 
graver's fancy.  The  impressions  are  all  clear  and 
sharp. 

We  know  absolutely  nothing  of  most  of  the  early 
engravers.  They  have  passed  into  obscurity,  and  are 
not  noticed  even  by  a  line  in  biographical  encyclo- 
pedias and  local  histories.  The  early  publishers  did 
not  always  protect  the  work  of  the  artists,  for  their 
signatures  frequently  were  erased  from  the  plates, 
and  these  plates  used  in  different  editions. 

Some  of  the  subjects  selected  by  the  engravers 


y 


258 


Early  Bibles. 


were,  even  in  the  best  hands,  difficult  to  execute, 
for  they  had  to  be  evolved  solely  from  the  imagina- 
tion. Here  are  a  few  of  the  titles :  "  The  Hypocrite 
Taking  the  Mote  out  of  His  Neighbor's  Eye,"  "  Job's 
Wife  Tantalizing  Him,"  "The  Broad  Way  to  Destruc- 
tion," "  The  Plague  of  Blood,"  "  Moses  and  Aaron 
Expostulating  with  Pharaoh,"  "  Vision  of  the  Dragon 
Chained,"  "  St.  Peter's  Vision  of  the  Unclean  Ani- 
mals," "  Obadiah  Concealing  the  Prophets,"  and 
"  David  at  his  Early  Devotions." 

While  many  of  the  early  illustrations  are  crude 
and  coarse,  it  must  be  remembered  that  they  were 
made  under  adverse  circumstances.  Art  centers  were 
few,  the  journey  to  Europe  was  long  and  tedious, 
and  great  teachers  were  not  at  hand.  Illustrated 
books  were  not  numerous,  and  the  opportunities  that 
quicken  genius  only  came  at  intervals.  We  must 
therefore  appreciate  the  work  which  the  engravers 
did,  for  doubtless  it  represented  faithful  application, 
and  the  best  use  of  materials  within  reach. 


THK 


NEW  TESTAMENT 


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LORD  AND  SATIOIR  JESD^  CflJtlST 


TIUNSLATED  OUT  OV 


THi;  0RIGIN4.JU  GJI&EJB.; 


I 

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I 


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AfJCtJSTA. 

CQWVEDmUTS  STATES  ilBifi.V>ffKfy. 

iHafnvTKb  m  tmb  tea*  ISdl 


i86« 


/ 
I''    / 


Fac-slmile  of  the  title  page  of  the  New  Testament  published 

by  tliu  Confederate  Stales  Bit)le  Society  in  181)2. 

Exact  size. 


•! 


BIBLES  AND  BIBLE  SOCIETIES. 


Among  the  most  potent  factors  of  modern  times 
for  the  spread  of  revealed  truth  must  be  placed  Bible 
Societies.  The  work  accomplished  by  them  is  truly- 
stupendous.  A  little  circular  issued  by  the  Amer- 
ican Bible  Society  states  "  that  since  the  year  1 804 
more  than  one  hundred  and  eighty  millions  of  Bibles, 
Testaments,  and  integral  portions  of  the  Bible  have 
been  distributed  in  all  parts  of  the  world  through 
the  agency  of  Bible  Societies  alone." 

The  ripest  Christian  scholarship  of  the  day  has 
been  called  into  service  in  making  the  many  transla- 
tions.    The  circular  just  referred  to  says : 

Few  persons  appreciate  the  difficulty  of  rendering  the  Scriptures 
from  the  original  Hebrew  and  Greek  into  languages  which  have  not 
been  previously  pervaded  and  molded  by  Christian  thought ;  yet  in 
laying  foundations  for  generations  that  are  to  follow,  one  may  well  de- 
vote to  the  work  the  energies  of  a  lifetime.  The  translation  of  the 
Bible  into  Arabic,  by  Dr.  Eli  Smith  and  Dr.  Van  Dyck,  required  the 
labor  of  sixteen  years.  Dr.  Schauffler,  of  Constantinople,  completed 
in  1874  the  translation  of  the  Turkish  version  of  the  Scriptures  which 
he  began  as  long  ago  as  i860.  Fifteen  years  of  continuous  labor 
were  spent  by  Dr.  Schereschewsky  in  rendering  the  Old  Testament 

259 


26o 


Early  Bibles. 


I  I 


into  the  Mandarin  Culloquial.  After  forty  years  of  study  and  nf  mis. 
sionary  lttl)or,  Dr.  Williamson  and  Dr.  Rii;i;s  compictcil  their  Dokota 
version  of  the  liible,  and  one  of  them  estimated  that  he  spent  on  an 
average  full  thirty  minutes  on  eaeh  verse  he  translated.  I'rotestunt 
missionaries  were  sent  to  Japan  in  1H59,  hut  twenty  years  had  passeil 
before  their  translation  of  the  entire  New  Testament  was  ready  for 
circulation.  These  are  illustrations  of  the  labor  expended  l)y  Chris- 
tian missionaries  in  the  preliminary  work  of  preparing  new  versions 
of  Scripture. 

The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  offered  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  to  the  first  organization 
similar  to  its  own  founded  in  America.  This  sum 
was  claimed  by,  and  paid  to,  the  Philadelphia  Bible 
Society,  which  was  organized  in  the  year  1808.  The 
constitution  was  penned  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  who 
was  an  officer  of  the  organization  for  a  number  of 
years.  In  1840  the  name  was  changed  to  "The 
Pennsylvania  Bible  Society,"  which  is  its  present 
title.  It  did  not  become  auxiliary  to  the  American 
Bible  Society,  but  agreed,  in  1840,  to  restrict  its  op- 
erations to  Pennsylvania  and  to  pay  over  all  surplus 
funds.  Rev.  J.  Owen,  the  secretary  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  says:  "  If  to  Great  Britain  be- 
longs the  honor  of  being  the  parent  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Bible  Society,  Philadelphia  may  on  her  part  claim 
equally  the  honor  of  having  set  the  first  example  of 
a  Bible  Society  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and 
of  having  by  her  zeal,  liberality,  and  discriminative 
wisdom,  induced  so  extensive  an  imitation  of  her  con- 


Bibles  and  Bible  Societies. 


a6i 


duct  as  not  to  leave  a  single  State  throughout  the 
Union  without  one  or  more  of  these  excellent  and 
most  useful  establishments." 

The  secr>nd  organization  for  the  dissemination 
of  the  Scriptures  formed  in  the  United  States  was 
the  Connecticut  Bible  Society,  at  Hartford,  in  May, 
1809.  The  third  was  the  Massachusetts  Bible  So- 
ciet} ,  founded  at  Boston  in  July  of  the  same  year. 
This  was  followed  by  the  New  York  Bible  and 
Common  Prayer  Book  Society  in  New  York  City, 
in  Novemiter,  1809.  It  was  incorporated  in  1841. 
The  founder  was  the  Rt.  Rev.  John  Henry  Hobart, 
D.D.  This  society  has  done,  and  is  doing,  an  exten- 
sive work  in  the  free  distribution  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  in  addition  to  its  English  publications  has  printed 
many  volumes  in  the  German,  Spanish,  French,  and 
Dakota  languages.  It  distributes  annually  over  fifty 
thousand  books,  and  numerous  parishes  and  mission 
stations  are  generously  aided. 

The  Young  Men's  Bible  Society,  a  Methodist  or- 
ganization of  New  York  City,  the  New  Hampshire 
Bible  Society,  and  the  New  Jersey  Bible  Society, 
were  also  instituted  in  1809. 

The  American  Bible  Society  was  organized  on 
May  8,  18 16,  in  New  York  City.  There  were  sixty 
delegates  present,  representing  thirty-five  local  Bible 
Societies  and  the  Society  of  Friends.     The  constitu- 


: 


262 


Early  Bibles. 


tion  was  drawn  up  and  adopted,  and  the  Hon.  Elias 
Boudinot  was  elected  president.  An  address  written 
by  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason  was  distributed  through- 
out the  country.  The  society  since  its  organization 
has  had  eleven  presidents  and  thirty-three  vice- 
presidents.  Nine  standing  committees  supervise  and 
carry  out  the  work  of  the  various  departments.  The 
society  has  forty  thousand  life  members.  The  pub- 
lishing house  in  Astor  Place  was  erected  in  1853  at 
the  cost  of  $300,000.  One  of  the  official  publica- 
tions of  the  organization  states : 

The  Society  has  a  unique  and  valuable  biblical  library,  the  com- 
mencement of  which  was  made  in  1817.  The  number  of  volumes  at 
the  present  time  is  not  far  from  thirty-five  hundred,  the  greater  part 
of  which  have  been  presented  to  the  Society  by  its  friends.  The  col- 
lection consists  chiefly  of  editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  more  than 
one  hundred  and  fifty  languages  and  dialects.  It  has  a  connd^raUe 
number  of  versions  and  revisions  in  English  of  earlier  and  later  date 
than  the  version  in  common  use.  The  various  editions  published  at 
the  expense  of  the  Society  in  foreign  lands  are  well  represented.  The 
library  contains  an  .ancient  Hebrew  roll  from  China  and  some  speci- 
mens of  early  typography;  Latin  Bibles  of  1476  and  1480;  Gerbelius's 
Greek  Testament  of  1521 ;  the  first  edition  of  the  Syriac  New  Testa- 
ment, 1555;  Tischendorf's  Codex  .Sinaiucus ;  the  first  and  second  edi- 
tion of  King  James's  Bible;  the  first  editions  of  the  Rhemish  Testa- 
ment and  the  Douay  Bible ;  and  many  other  volumes  hardly  less 
interesting. 

The  society  from  its  organization  to  March  31, 
1887,  issued  48,324,916  volumes,  and  during  the 
same  time  its  receipts  amounted  to  $23,243,545.37. 
It  has  presented  to  each  of  the  reigning  monarchs  of 


Bibles  and  Bible  Societies. 


263 


the  world  a  splendidly  bound  copy  of  the  Scriptures. 
Its  distribution  of  the  Bible  is  general,  and  extends 
to  the  army  and  navy,  to  immigrants,  to  the  freedmen, 
to  humane  and  criminal  institutions,  to  seamen,  to 
the  destitute  poor,  and  to  needy  Sunday-schools  and 
feeble  missions.  It  has  also  made  extensive  transla- 
tions of  the  Scriptures.  On  this  point  the  Manual 
says : 


The  Society  has  promoted  the  circulation  of  the  Bible,  or  integral 
portions  of  it,  in  more  than  eighty  differ? vt  languages  and  dialects. 
Many  of  these  have  been  printed  on  its  ..wn  presses,  or  immediately 
at  its  own  expense,  while  others  have  betn  purchased  or  published  by 
means  of  grants  to  missionary  societies. 

At  New  York  the  Society  has  printed  the  entire  Bilik'  in  English, 
French,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Welsh,  German,  Danish,  Swedish, 
Arabic,  Esthonian,  Armenian,  Hawaiian,  and  Zulu ;  also  the  A^ew 
Testament  in  Italian,  Slavonic,  Bulgarian,  Ancient  Syriac,  and  Mod- 
ern Syriac ;  also  for  the  Indians  of  North  America,  the  Dakota  Bible, 
the  Cher,  kee  and  Choctaw  New  Testament,  with  portions  of  the  Old 
Testament,  the  Ojibwa  New  Testament,  besides  smaller  portions  in 
Seneca,  Delaware,  Muskokee,  Mohawk,  and  Nez  Perces.  Versions 
of  parts  of  the  Bible  have  also  been  printed  in  Arrawack  and  Creolese, 
for  South  America ;  in  Benga,  Mpongwe,  Ebon,  and  Grebn,  for  Africa ; 
in  the  dialects  of  Kusaie,  Ponape,  Mortlock,  and  Gilbert  Islands,  and 
in  Japanese. 

Its  foreign  operations  include  also  the  circulation  of  various  copies 
manufactured  abroad ;  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Bridgman 
and  Culbertson,  and  the  Mandarin,  Canton,  Fuhchow,  Ningpo,  Amoy, 
and  Shanghai  CoUoquials,  in  China;  the  Hebrew-Spanish,  Turkish, 
Armeno-Turkish,  Grscco-Turkish,  Azerjiban,  Ancient  and  Modern 
Armenian,  Persian  and  Koordish,  in  the  Levant;  the  Hindi,  Urdu, 
and  various  other  languages  in  India  and  Ceylon ;  the  Siamese,  Mon- 
golian, Japanese,  Ebon,  and  Reval-Esthonian. 


.( 


264 


Early  Bibles. 


The  expedition  with  which  Bibles  are  printed  is 
one  of  the  marvels  of  the  present  age.  In  a  little 
publication  of  the  American  Bible  Society  the  state- 
ment is  made  that  the  printing  is  done  at  the  Bible 
House  "  upon  fifteen  Adams  presses  of  medium  size, 
and  six  stop-cylinder  presses  of  the  largest  size,  the 
capacity  of  the  whole  being  sufficient  for  the  annual 
production  of  about  two  million  volumes  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, large  and  small, 

"  The  stop-cylinder  press  takes  a  sheet  of  paper 
32  by  44  inches,  and  printing  64  pages  24mo  at  each 
impression,  throws  off  960  pages,  or  the  equivalent 
of  one  small  Bible,  every  minute.  This  is  at  the  rate 
of  six  hundred  Bibles  a  day.  Volumes  of  large  size 
are  completed  with  corresponding  rapidity,  the  larg- 
est quarto  volume  requiring  only  about  eight  minutes 
of  presswork. 

"  In  the  bindery  the  use  of  modern  machinery 
contributes  to  the  economy  of  manufacture.  Twelve 
book-folding  machines  and  six  book-sewing  machines, 
each  of  which  requires  a  single  attendant,  do  the  work 
of  more  than  a  hundred  hand-folders  and  hand-sew- 
ers. Each  folding- machine  is  expected  to  fold  from 
fifteen  hundred  to  eighteen  hundred  sheets  an  hour, 
and  each  sewing-machine  does  the  stitching  of  fif- 
teen hundred  sheets  in  the  same  time.  A  visitor 
who  spends  four  minutes  at  the  press,  and  as  much 


V 


'^. 


Bibles  and  Bible  Societies. 


265 


at  each  of  these  machines,  sees  in  that  time  what  is 
equivalent  to  the  printing  of  four  Bibles,  the  folding 
of  two,  and  the  sewing  of  two. 

"At  the  same  time,  it  is  not  intended  that  the 
most  rapid  operations  of  manufacture  should  inter- 
fere with  thorough  and  enduring  workmanship. 

"  In  general,  the  Society's  printing  is  done  from 
its  own  electrotype  plates,  which  have  been  prepared 
with  great  care  and  at  a  large  outlay.  Especial  pains 
are  taken  with  the  proof-reading,  and  it  is  believed 
that  publications  can  rarely  be  found  which  are  so 
uniformly  free  from  errors  of  the  press. 

*'  In  foreign  lands  the  printing  for  the  Society  is 
done  sometimes  from  plates,  but  more  usually  from 
types,  or  from  lithograph  stones  or  engraved  blocks 
of  wood,  according  to  the  customs  of  the  people  for 
whose  benefit  the  Scriptures  are  prepared." 

The  Bible  Association  of  Friends  in  America  was 
founded  in  1828.  Philadelphia  was  made  the  print- 
ing and  distributing  center.  The  books  have,  as  a 
rule,  been  given  away,  and  especially  to  the  Indians 
and  the  freedmen.  From  the  date  of  its  organiza- 
tion to  the  end  of  the  year  1882  the  society  had 
distributed  2 1 7,61 1  volumes. 

The  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  began 
its  existence  May  12,  1836,  in  New  York  City,  but 
the  organization  was  not  completed  until  1837.     It 


V 


266 


Early  Bibles. 


was  founded  and  sustained  by  members  of  the  Bap- 
tist denomination.  In  1838  it  issued  an  octavo  edi- 
tion of  the  Scriptures,  which  was  a  reprint  of  an 
Oxford  Bible  of  1833.  The  New  Testament  in  duo- 
decimo was  printed  in  1838.  This  society  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  issued  editions  of  the  Scriptures,  and 
assisted  the  Rev.  Dr.  Judson  of  India  in  publishing 
a  Bible  in  the  Burmese  language. 

On  June  10,  1850,  the  American  Bible  Union,  also 
a  Baptist  organization,  was  founded  in  New  York 
City.  The  object  was  to  promote  the  translation 
and  printing  of  a  Baptist  version  of  the  Bible.  This 
was  done  by  publishing  separate  books  from  time  to 
time.  The  first  to  appear  was  the  Book  of  Job,  in 
1856.  The  book  is  a  quarto  of  165  pages,  with  the 
King  James  translation,  the  Hebrew  text,  and  the  re- 
vised Baptist  version  in  parallel  columns,  "  with  criti- 
cal and  philological  notes  "  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages. 
The  translation  was  made  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  J. 
Conant,  D.D.,  professor  of  sacred  literature  in  Roch- 
ester Theological  Seminary.  Genesis  appeared  in 
1868,  the  Psalms  in  1869,  the  Book  of  Proverbs  in 
1 87 1,  and  the  Books  of  Joshua,  Judges,  and  Ruth  in 
1878.  In  1865  the  union  published  a  revised  edition 
of  the  New  Testament.  While  there  are  several  hun- 
dred emendations,  they  refer  mostly  to  small  words, 


Bibles  and  Bible  Societies. 


267 


is, 


such  as  the  use  of  "  says  "  for  "  saith."  The  princi- 
pal and  most  decided  changes  in  the  translation  con- 
sist in  the  substitution  of  "  immerse  "  for  "  baptize," 
and  "immersing"  for  "washing."  The  following 
quotations  will  show  the  nature  of  the  revision : 

St.  Mark  vii.  3.  For  the  Pharisees,  and  all  the  Jews,  unless  they 
wash  their  hands  diligently,  do  not  eat,  holding  the  tradition  of  the 
elders ; 

4.  And  coming  from  the  market,  unless  they  immerse  themselves, 
they  do  not  eat ;  and  there  are  many  other  things  which  they  received 
to  hold,  immersions  of  cups,  and  pots,  and  brazen  vessels,  and 
couches. 

St.  John  i.  25.  And  they  asked  him,  and  said  to  him.  Why  then 
dost  thou  immerse,  if  thou  art  not  the  Christ,  nor  Elijah,  nor  the 
Prophet? 

26.  John  answered  them,  saying,  I  immerse  in  water. 

28.  These  things  took  place  in  Bethany  beyond  the  Jordan,  where 
John  was  immersing. 

32.  And  John  testified,  saying,  I  have  beheld  the  Spirit  descending 
as  a  dove  out  of  heaven,  and  it  abode  upon  him. 

33.  And  I  knew  him  not ;  but  he  who  sent  me  to  immerse  in  water, 
he  said  to  me,  Upon  whomsoever  thou  shalt  see  the  Spirit  descending, 
and  abiding  on  him,  this  is  he  who  immerses  in  the  Holy  Spirit. 

St.  John  iii.  22.  After  these  things  came  Jesus  and  his  disciples 
into  the  land  of  Judaea;  and  there  he  remained  with  them,  and  im- 
mersed. 

23.  And  John  also  was  immersing  in  ^Enon  near  Salim,  because 
there  was  much  water  there ;  and  they  came,  and  were  immersed. 

This  version  of  the  New  Testament  is  not  as  a 
rule  read  in  public  services,  but  is  used  as  a  book  of 
reference.     There  is  a  difference  of  opinion  among 


268 


Early  Bibles. 


Baptists  regarding  it,  and  one  edition  is  printed  with 
the  word  "  immerse,"  and  another  with  the  word 
"baptize." 

In  1862  the  Confederate  States  Bible  Society  was 
instituted  at  Augusta,  Ga.  An  i8mo  edition  of  the 
New  Testament  was  printed  at  Atlanta,  which  was 
the  sole  publication  of  the  society.  This  is  now  a 
rare  book.  A  copy  sold  at  Bangs,  in  New  York, 
March  9,  1893,  for  $8.25.  The  edition  was  not  over 
five  hundred  copies. 


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Fifteen  years  after  the  issue  of  the  last  edition 
of  the  Eliot  Bible — that  of  1685 — the  book  had  be- 
come scarce  among  the  Massachusetts  Indians.  Rev. 
Experience  Mayhew,  a  missionary  at  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, writes :  "  These  Indians  are  therefore  very  de- 
sirous of  another  Impression  of  the  Bible,  if  it  might 
be  obtained;  and  divers  of  them  have  told  me,  as 
well  as  some  of  those  on  Nantucket — whom  I  have 
divers  times  visited — that  they  should  be  willing  ac- 
cording to  their  capacity,  to  contribute  to  it."  Mr. 
Mayhew  set  to  work  to  meet  this  emergency,  as  he 
was  well  fitted  for  it  from  his  knowledge  of  the  In- 
dian language.  He  translated  the  Psalms  and  the 
Gospel  according  to  St.  John,  the  same  appearing 
in  a  i2mo  book  published  at  Boston  in  1709.  The 
Indian  and  English  appear  on  the  same  page  divided 
by  a  line.  There  is  a  title-page  in  Indian  and  another 
in  English.     The  latter  reads : 

"The  Massachuset  Psalter:  or  Psalms  of  David 
With  the  Gospel  According  to  John,  In  Columns  of 

269 


270 


Early  Bibles. 


Indian  and  English.  Being  An  Introduction  for  Train- 
ing up  the  Aboriginal  Natives,  in  Reading  and  Under- 
standing the  Holy  Scriptures. 


John  v.  39.  Search  the  Scriptures,  for  in  them  ye  think  ye 
have  eternal  Life,  and  they  are  they  which  testifie  of  Me. 

Boston,  N.  E.  Printed  by  B.  Green  and  J.  Printer, 
for  the  Honourable  Company  for  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel  in  New  England,  &c.      1709." 

Dr.  Trumbull  says:  "  Mayhew's  version  of  the 
Psalms  and  Gospel  of  John  is  founded  upon  Eliot's ; 
but  every  verse  underwent  revision,  and  scarcely  one 
remains  without  some  alteration.  The  spelling  dif- 
fers considerably  from  that  of  Eliot  and  others,  who 
had  learned  the  language  among  the  Indians  of  the 
mainland."  Dr.  Trumbul'  also  expresses  the  opinion 
that  the  Mayhew  version  surpasses  the  Eliot  "  in  lit- 
eral accuracy  and  its  observance  of  the  requirements 
of  Indian  grammar."  This  little  book  is  now  classed 
among  rare  Americana.  A  copy  at  the  Brinley  sale, 
in  superior  binding,  reached  $135,  and  another,  in 
the  original  binding,  $50.  The  few  extant  copies 
are  found  mainly  in  the  older  libraries  of  New  Eng- 
land. 

In  1820  Dr.  Edwin  James,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
who  had  received  a  special  training  in  medicine, 
geology,  and  botany,  was  appointed  geologist  and 


;s 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.       271 

botanist  to  an  exploring  expedition  under  the  com- 
mand of  Major  Samuel  H.  Long,  which  went  from 
Pittsburgh  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  this  expedi- 
tion Dr.  James  was  not  only  interested  in  the  special 
line  of  his  studies,  but  also  in  the  manners,  customs, 
and  languages  of  the  Indian  tribes.  He  wrote  a  book 
bearing  the  title  "  A  Narrative  of  the  Captivity  and 
Adventures  of  John  Tanner  (U.  S.  Interpreter  at  the 
Sault  de  Ste.  Marie),  during  Thirty  Years'  Residence 
among  the  Indians  in  the  Interior  of  North  Amer- 
ica," which  was  published  in  New  York  in  1830.  He 
describes  in  this  book  not  only  the  plant  and  animal 
life  of  the  country,  but  the  music,  poetry,  and  dialects 
of  the  Indians.  In  one  of  the  chapters  he  translates 
the  Lord's  Prayer  and  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis 
into  the  Chippewa  language.  In  1832  Lincoln  & 
Edmands  printed  and  the  Baptist  Board  of  Missions 
published  "  Chippewa  First  Lessons  in  Spelling  and 
Reading,"  by  Dr.  James.  In  add'  ;ion  to  the  lessons 
the  little  book  contains  prayers  and  hymns,  and  a 
translate  ^n  of  a  part  of  the  fifth  chapter  of  the  Epis- 
tle to  the  Ephesians.  Dr.  James  edited  larger  spell- 
ing-books at  a  later  date,  containing  translations  of 
the  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  and  other  portions  of 
Scripture. 

In  1833  Packard  &  Van  Benthuysen  of  Albany 
printed  the  first  version  of  the  entire  New  Testa- 


272 


Early  Bibles. 


ment  in  the  Chippewa  language.  The  translation 
was  made  by  Dr.  James,  assisted  by  John  Tanner, 
the  Indian  interpreter.  The  book  is  a  i2mo  of  484 
pages,  with  the  Ten  Commandments  and  a  hymn  at 
the  end.  The  Indian  title-page  as  translated  reads : 
"  Our  Great  God  who  saved  us,  Jesus  Christ,  His 
Covenant  or  Promise." 

In  1837  Crocker  &  Brewster  of  Boston  printed  for 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke  in  Chippewa,  the 
translation  being  made  by  Rev.  Sherman  Hall,  as- 
sisted by  George  Copway,  an  Indian  preacher.  The 
same  printers  in  1838  issued  the  Acts  of  the  Apos- 
tles, by  the  above-named  translators.  Also  the  same 
year  a  Chippewa  version  of  St.  John  was  published 
by  the  firm,  the  translation  being  the  work  of  John 
and  Peter  Jones,  native  teachers. 

That  eminent  scholar  in  Indian  literature,  Henry  R. 
Schoolcraft,  LL.D.,  in  the  fifth  volume  of  his  "  His- 
torical and  Statistical  Information  Respecting  the  His- 
tory, Condition  and  Prospects  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of 
the  United  States,"  translated  the  first  chapter  of 
Genesis,  the  fifth  chapter  of  St.  Matthew,  and  the 
thirteenth  chapter  of  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corin- 
thians, into  Chippewa. 

In  1844  the  American  Bible  Society  printed  the 
New  Testament  in  Chippewa,  the  translation  being 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.       273 


made  by  Rev.  Henry  Blatchford.  Editions  were  re- 
peated in  1856  and  1875. 

The  Indian  Commission  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  1875  printed  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  in 
Chippewa  for  the  use  of  the  Indians  at  White  Earth, 
Minn.  It  was  a  revision  of  Dr.  O'Mcura's  transla- 
tion, made  by  Archdear  on  J.  A.  Gilfilkn,  assisted  by 
three  half-breed  Indians. 

In  1760  the  Rev.  Bernard  A.  Grube  was  s.  at  as 
missionary  to  Wechquetanc,  Pa.,  whert  <^he  Mora- 
vians had  started  a  work  among  the  i"/elaware  In- 
dians. Three  years  later  he  C(  ii-j  led  a  hymn  :  jok 
in  the  language  of  the  tribe,  ..nd  j.  Brandmiiller  of 
Bethlehem  printed  it,  the  date  being  1763.  There 
is  only  one  copy  of  this  book  known  to  be  in  exis- 
tence, and  it  is  in  the  possesp'on  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Historical  Society.  The  same  year  Mr.  Grube 
translated  and  had  published  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  by 
J.  Brandmiiller,  "  A  Han.iony  of  the  Gospels,"  in  the 
Delaware  language,  but  not  a  single  copy  of  this 
book  is  known  to  c:::s'. 

In  1 818  D.  Fanshaw  of  New  York  printed  for  the 
American  Bible  Society  the  three  Epistles  of  St.  John, 
translated  \'^\ ..  the  Delaware  language  by  the  Rev. 
C.  F.  Dencke,  a  Moravian  missionary  among  the  In- 
dians at  West  Fairfield,  Canada. 

The  History  of  Our  Lord,  "  in  the  very  words  of 


274 


Early  Bibles. 


Scripture,"  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Lieberkuhn,  was  trans- 
lated into  Delaware  Indian  by  the  Rev.  David  Zeis- 
berger,  a  Moravian  minister,  in  182 1.  It  was  printed 
by  D.  Fanshaw  of  New  York.  Another  edition  of  the 
book  was  printed  in  1837  at  the  Shawanoe  Baptist 
mission.  Rev.  Mr.  Zeisberger  translated  a  number 
of  books  into  the  Delaware  tongue,  and  was  regarded 
as  the  leading  authority  in  that  language. 

In  1838  Daniel  Fanshaw  printed  "Forty-six  Se- 
lect Scripture  Narratives  from  the  Old  Testament," 
translated  into  Delaware  Indian  for  the  instruction 
of  youth.  The  translator  was  the  Rev.  Abraham 
Luckenbach,  a  representative  of  the  Moravians.  He 
left  a  manuscript  translation  of  the  Acts  of  the  Apos- 
tles, but  it  was  never  printed. 

Wars  and  disturbances  brought  the  Moravian  mis- 
sions to  an  end,  as  the  Delaware  Indians  were  forced 
west  of  the  Alleghanies.  In  1 789  they  were  placed 
on  reservations  in  Ohio,  next,  in  18 18,  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  finally  driven  to  the  Indian  Territory, 
where  in  time  their  tribal  relations  ceased. 

The  Rev.  Johnston  Lykins,  a  Baptist  missionary, 
translated  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  into  the  Sha- 
wanoe language,  which  was  printed  by  J.  Meeker  in 
1836,  by  the  Shawanoe  Mission  Press,  in  the  Indian 
Territory.  Another  edition  appeared  in  1842.  In 
1 84 1   the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  and  in  1844  the 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       275 


Gospel  of  St.  John  were  published  in  the  Ottawa 
language.  The  translators  were  Rev.  Jotham  Meeker 
and  Rev.  Francis  Barker.  Both  books  were  printed 
by  the  Shawanoe  Mission  Press.  In  1844  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Matthew  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  appeared 
in  the  Pottawotomi  language.  This  is  a  rare  book. 
A  copy  from  the  Brinley  Library  brought  $13.  The 
translation  was  the  work  of  Rev.  Mr.  Lykins,  and 
the  printer  William  C.  Buck,  Louisville,  Ky.  Father 
Zephyrin  translated  the  Roman  Catholic  prayer-book 
into  Menominee  for  the  Indians  of  Wisconsin.  The 
book  was  published  by  B.  Herder,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in 
1882.  Passages  of  Scripture  have  also  appeared  in 
the  dialect  of  the  Mohegan,  Penobscot,  Abnaki,  and 
Menominee  tribes. 

All  the  translations  thus  far  spoken  of,  belong  to 
the  Algonquian  stock,  a  family  more  interesting  his- 
torically than  any  of  the  other  Indian  races. 

Mr.  James  C.  Pilling  says:i  "The  Algonquian- 
speaking  peoples  covered  a  greater  extent  of  coun- 
try, perhaps,  than  those  of  any  other  of  the  linguistic 
stocks  of  North  America,  stretching  from  Labrador 
to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  from  the  Churchill 
River  of  Hudson  Bay  to  Pamlico  Sound  in  North 
Carolina ;  and  the  literature  of  their  languages  is  by 
far  the  greatest  in  extent  of  any  of  the  stocks  north 

1  "  Bibliography  of  the  Algonquian  Languages,"  p.  3  of  preface. 


276 


Early  Bibles. 


of  Mexico,  being  equaled,  if  at  all,  by  only  one  south 
of  that  line — the  Nahuatl.  Probably  every  language 
of  the  family  is  on  record,  and  of  the  more  promi- 
nent, extensive  records  have  been  made.  In  two, 
the  Massachusetts  and  the  Cree,  the  whole  Bible 
has  been  printed.  ...  In  two  others,  the  Chippewa 
and  the  Micmac,  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Scriptures 
has  been  printed,  and  portions  thereof  have  appeared 
in  a  number  of  others.  In  the  Abnaki,  Blackfoot, 
Chippewa,  Cree,  Delaware,  Micmac,  and  Nipissing 
rather  extensive  dictionaries  have  been  printed,  and 
of  the  Abnaki,  Nipissing,  Blackfoot,  Chippewa,  Illi- 
nois, Massachusetts,  Montagnais,  and  Pottawotomi, 
there  are  manuscript  dictionaries  in  existence.  Of 
grammars  we  have  in  print  the  Abnaki,  Blackfoot, 
Chippewa,  Cree,  Massachusetts,  Micmac,  and  Nipis- 
sing, and  in  manuscript  the  Illinois,  Menominee,  Mon- 
tagnais, and  Pottawotomi.  In  nearly  every  language 
of  the  family,  prayer-books,  hymn-books,  tracts,  and 
scriptural  texts  have  appeared." 

This  statement  covers  the  work  of  translations  done 
among  the  Algonquian  Indians  both  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada. 

While  the  Algonquian  is  historically  the  most  at- 
tractive of  Indian  tongues,  "  to  the  Iroquoian,"  says 
Mr.  Pilling,'  "  perhaps  belongs  the  honor  of  being 

'  "  Bibliography  of  the  Iroquoian  Languages,"  p.  5  of  preface. 


V 


/ 


at- 
lays 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       277 

the  first  of  our  American  families  of  languages  to  be 
placed  upon  record.  At  any  rate,  it  is  the  first  of 
which  we  have  any  positive  knowledge,  the  vocabu- 
laries appearing  in  the  account  of  Cartier's  second 
voyage  to  America,  published  at  Paris  in  1545."  If 
this  conjecture  be  true,  the  Iroquoian  publications  are 
close  competitors  with  the  early  books  of  old  Mexico. 
Mr.  Pilling  also  says:  "While  the  whole  Bible  has 
not  been  printed  in  Iroquois,  the  greater  portion 
of  it  has  been  printed  in  both  the  Cherokee  and  the 
Mohawk." 

The  first  portion  of  Scripture  translated  into  Chero- 
kee was  the  third  chapter  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John, 
the  translator  a  native  Cherokee,  whose  Indian  name 
was  At-see,  and  known  as  John  Arch.  This  transla- 
tion was  made  in  1824,  and  was  circulated  in  manu- 
script. Arch's  effort  ^  "  was  received  with  wonder- 
ful avidity  and  was  copied  many  hundred  times  and 
read  by  the  multitudes  whom  he  had  visited  in  his 
tour,  thus  preparing  the  way  for  its  quick  reception 
among  his  people." 

In  1825  David  Brown,  a  native  Indian,  translated 
the  New  Testament  into  Cherokee,  which  was  also 
circulated  in  manuscript,  as  types  for  printing  in  this 
language  had  not  been  made. 

The  first  actual  printing  of  Scripture  in  Cherokee 

1  Foster's  "  Biography  of  Se-quo-yah,"  p.  120. 


V 


278 


Early  Bibles. 


appeared  in  the  Missionary  Herald  of  December, 
1827,  and  consisted  of  the  first  five  verses  of  Gene- 
sis, translated  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Worcester, 
D.D.  In  1828  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  was  trans- 
lated by  Major  George  Lowrey  and  David  Brown, 
the  printing  of  which  was  begun  in  the  Cherokee 
Phanix,  April  3,  1828,  and  completed  July  29,  1829. 
It  is  uncertain  whether  this  translation  was  ever  pub- 
lished in  book  form  or  not.  In  1829  Rev.  Samuel 
A.  Wore? ster  and  Mr.  Boudinot,  editor  of  the  Cher- 
okee Phoenix,  published  a  revised  translation  of  St. 
Matthew's  Gospel,  of  which  a  thousand  copies  were 
printed  at  the  Cherokee  National  Press  at  New  Echota. 
It  is  a  24mo  book  of  1 24  pages.  The  second  edition 
of  this  translation,  published  in  1832,  states  on  the 
title-page  that  it  had  been  "  compared  with  the  trans- 
lation of  George  Lowrey  and  David  Brown."  A 
third  edition  was  printed  by  the  Park  Hill  Mission 
Press  in  1840,  and  a  fourth  and  fifth  by  the  same 
press  in  1844  and  1850. 

The  same  translators — ^Worcester  and  Boudinot — 
published  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  in  Cherokee  in 
1833.  It  was  printed  by  John  F.  Wheeler  and  John 
Candy  at  New  Echota.  Second  and  third  editions 
were  issued  in  1842  and  1848.  They  also  set  forth 
a  translation  of  St.  John's  Gospel  in  1838,  from  the 
Park  Hill  Mission  Press,  which  reached  second,  third. 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       279 

and  fourth  editions  in  1841,  1847,  and  1854.  Mr. 
Worcester  not  only  translated  the  portions  of  the 
New  Testament  named  above,  but  also  parts  of  the 
Old  Testament.  The  Book  of  Exodus,  printed  by 
the  Park  Hill  Mission  Press  in  1853,  and  the  Book 
of  Genesis,  in  1856,  were  his  translations.  With  the 
help  of  Stephen  Foreman,  a  Cherokee  convert,  por- 
tions of  the  Psalms,  Proverbs,  and  Isaiah  were  trans- 
lated. 

From  1840  to  1858  nearly  all  the  Epistles  of  the 
New  Testament  and  the  Book  0/  Revelation  were 
translated  and  published.  In  some  cases  the  names 
of  the  translators  do  not  appear,  and  occasionally  the 
date  is  omitted. 

A  translation  of  St.  Mark's  Gospel  was  issued  by 
the  Baptist  Mission  Press  without  date,  and  in  1850 
the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke  way  printed  at  Park  Hill 
Mission  Press,  but  no  translator's  name  is  attached. 
References  have  been  found  to  an  edition  of  the  New 
Testament  in  Cherokee  printed  by  the  Park  Hill  Mis- 
sion Press  in  1850,  and  to  a  translation  of  the  New 
Testament  made  by  the  Rev.  Evan  Jones  in  1847, 
but  at  the  best  these  are  only  supposed  editions,  as 
no  copies  have  been  seen.  An  edition  of  the  Chero- 
kee New  Testament  was  issued  in  i860.  The  text 
is  printed  in  double  columns  of  408  pages,  making  a 
duodecimo  book. 


\\ 


28o 


Early  Bibles. 


The  Rev.  Samuel  Austin  Worcester,  D.D.,  gave 
the  thirty-four  years  of  his  ministry  to  work  among 
the  Cherokee  Indians.  He  was  born  at  Worcester, 
Mass.,  in  1 798.  He  was  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont  in  1819,  and  at  the  Andover  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  in  1823.  In  1825  he  began  his  mis- 
sionary labors  among  the  Cherokees  at  Brainerd,Tenn. 
Two  years  later  he  removed  to  New  Echota,  where  a 
printing-press  was  established.  He  served  at  other 
stations,  and  finally  settled,  in  1836,  at  Park  Hill, 
where  most  of  his  translations  and  publications  first 
saw  the  light.  While  he  received  assistance  from 
Christianized  natives,  the  work  of  giving  the  Indians 
the  Scriptures  was  mainly  due  to  his  scholarship  and 
devotion.  The  alphabet  or  Cherokee  syllabary  used 
in  printing,  and  consisting  of  eighty-six  characters, 
was  invented  by  a  half-breed  named  Se-quo-yah, 
otherwise  George  Guess,  in  182 1.  Mr.  Worcester 
died  at  Park  Hill  in  1859. 

The,  first  translation  of  Scripture  into  the  Mohawk 
tongue  of  which  we  have  any  record  was  made  by 
the  Rev.  Bernardus  Freeman,  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  at  Schenectady,  N,  Y,  It  consisted  of  the 
Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  the  first  three  chapters  of 
Genesis,  parts  of  Exodus,  several  Psalms,  the  fifteenth 
chapter  of  i  Corinthians,  and  various  portions  of  the 
New  Testament  relating  to  the  life,  death,  resurrec- 


V 


* 

% 

/ 

s 

i 

The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes, 

281 

/ 


tion,  and  ascension  of  Christ.  These  translations  were 
made  probably  between  the  years  1700  and  17 10. 

The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts,  "  since  they  could  by  no  means  pre- 
vail on  the  Indians  to  learn  English,  neither  young 
nor  old,  laboured  to  get  some  good  translations  made, 
of  parts  of  the  Scripture  at  least,  into  the  Indian  lan- 
guage." The  society  therefore  applied  to  Mr.  Free- 
man for  "  any  proper  papers  wrote  in  that  language 
which  he  might  have,"  to  which  request  he  readily 
complied,  presenting  besides  the  above-named  scrip- 
tural selections,  a  translation  of  the  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayer,  which  the  society  sent  to  their  re- 
cently appointed  missionary,  the  Rev.  William  An- 
drews. These  translations,  existing  only  in  writing, 
could  not  exert  as  wide  and  constant  an  influence 
as  was  needed,  so  the  society  instructed  Mr.  Andrews 
to  print  some  of  theru  and  distribute  them  among 
the  Indians  who  had  a  knowledge  of  letters.  This 
prayer-book,  with  its  chapters  from  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  was  printed  by  William  Bradford 
in  New  York  in  171 5. 

The  Rev.  William  M.  Beauchamp,  writing  in  the 
Church  IZclcctic  for  1 88 1  of  this  early  Mohawk  pub- 
lication, says:  "This  first  edition  is  wholly  in  Mo- 
hawk, as  are  the  two  which  followed  it.  The  book 
is  a  small  quarto,  and  is  said  to  have  been  translated 


282 


Early  Bibles. 


by  Lawrence  Claesse,  under  the  direction  of  William 
Andrews,  missionary.  Claesse  was  a  good  interpreter, 
not  only  commonly  attending  when  the  council  fire 
was  blazing  at  Albany,  but  also  frequently  visiting 
the  Onondaga  Castle  and  council  fire.  He  probably 
revised  and  added  to  the  original  translation.  The 
title  shows  a  considerable  difference  in  the  spelling 
and  pronunciation  of  many  Mohawk  words  between 
that  day  and  this,  much  like  the  changes  in  our  own 
language." 

The  book  has  an  English  title-page,  and  another 
in  Mohawk.  The  text  numbers  1 1 5  pages.  This 
publication  ranks  among  rare  Americana,  and  the 
price  steadily  rises  with  the  lapse  of  years.  A  copy 
offered  at  the  Murphy  sale  reached  $112,  and  another 
in  a  Quaritch  catalogue  was  marked  $240.  In  1 763 
a  new  edition  was  published  at  Boston,  imprinted  by 
Richard  &  Samuel  Draper.  It  differs  from  the  first 
in  the  omission  of  the  chapters  from  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments.  In  1 769  another  edition  appeared 
containing  "  some  Sentences  of  the  Holy  Scriptures." 
In  reference  to  the  translators  the  title-page  reads, 
"Collected  and  translated  into  the  Mohawk  Language 
under  the  Direction  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  William 
Andrews,  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Barclay,  and  the 
Rev.  Mr.  John  Ogilvie."  The  book  was  printed  in 
New  York  by  W.  Weyman  &  Hugh  Gaine.     It  con- 


J 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.       283 

tains  204  pages.  The  Brinley  copy  brought  $75, 
and  another  at  the  Murphy  sale  %2'j. 

The  Rev.  Johann  C.  Pyrlaeus,  a  Moravian  mission- 
ary, translated  between  the  years  1745  and  1751  the 
first  three  chapters  of  Genesis,  the  first  and  second 
chapters  of  St.  Matthew,  and  "  New  Testament  words 
and  passages,"  but  the  manuscripts  were  never  pub- 
lished. 

An  edition  of  the  Mohawk  Prayer-book  printed  in 
London  in  1787,  while  not  properly  a  part  of  this 
record,  is  noticeable  because  it  contains  a  translation 
of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mark  by  Captain  Joseph  Brant, 
a  native  Indian,  and  because  this  was  the  first  of  the 
Gospels  to  appear  printed  throughout  in  the  Mohawk 
language.  Brant  was  a  Mohawk  chief  who  took  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  campaign  of  Lake  George  in 
1755.  He  threw  his  influence  against  the  cause  of 
the  colonies  and  was  the  leader  in  numerous  conflicts 
with  them.  Opportunities  were  given  him  for  edu- 
cation in  an  American  school,  and  his  life  was  turned 
to  good  purposes.  He  twice  visited  England,  and 
was  received  with  marked  attention.  While  there 
he  had  the  Prayer-book  and  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mark 
translated  into  Mohawk,  and  also  solicited  funds  for 
building  a  church. 

Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  D.D.,  while  pastor  in  New 
Haven,  published  in  1788  a  work  entitled  "  Observa- 


284 


Early  Bibles. 


tions  on  the  Language  of  the  Muhhekaneew  Indians," 
in  which  was  given  a  version  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  in 
Mohawk.  The  book  was  published  at  the  request  of 
the  Connecticut  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

In  1818  the  American  Bible  Society  published  the 
Gospel  of  St.  John  in  the  Mohawk  language.  This 
is  a  reprint  of  the  English  edition  which  had  been 
published  in  London  in  1805  by  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society — "  a  reprint  so  accurate,"  says 
Mr.  Pilling.  "  that  it  copies  all  the  typographic  errors 
of  the  first  edition  and  reproduces  the  page  of  errata 
at  tht  end." 

Next  in  order  came  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke  in  1827, 
translated  by  H.  A.  Hill,  an  Indian  convert,  whose 
name  is  identified  with  almost  every  Mohawk  trans- 
lation of  Scripture  from  this  time  until  1835,  some- 
times as  .sole  translator,  and  at  other  times  in  con- 
nection with  an  assistant.  The  book  above  referred 
to,  as  appearing  in  1827,  was  printed  for  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society  by  A.  Hoyt.  It  is  a  i6mo  in  size, 
with  the  Mohawk  and  English  printed  alternately  in 
double  numbers. 

In  1829  McElrath  &  Bangs  printed  for  the  New 
York  District  Bible  Society  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mark 
in  the  Mohawk  language.  Captain  Brant  being  the 
translator.  The  book  is  a  duodecimo  of  239  pages, 
in  alternate  Mohawk  and  English.     An  edition  of 


*                                                                                                     • 

i 

The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes. 

285 

this  same  translation,  together  with  other  portions 
of  Scripture,  was  published  in  the  same  year  for  the 
same  society,  and  included,  besides  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Mark,  portions  of  Genesis,  St.  Matthew,  and  various 
verses. 

In  1831  McElrath  &  Bangs  printed  for  the  Young 
Men's  Bible  Society  of  New  York  the  Gospel  of  St. 
Matthew  in  Mohawk  and  English.  The  translation 
was  made  by  Hill  and  Wilkes.  There  was  a  reprint 
of  this  book  entirely  in  Mohawk  in  1836  by  Howe 
&  Bates. 

In  1833  McElrath  &  Bangs  printed  the  Gospel 
according  to  St.  Luke  in  Mohawk.  This  was  also 
trani:lated  by  Hill  and  Wilkes.  The  same  printers, 
with  Hess  and  Wilkes  as  translators,  issued  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  in  1834,  in  alternate  Mohawk  and 
English,  and  Howe  &  Bates  printed  a  subsequent 
edition  in  1835,  with  the  text  entirely  in  Mohawk. 
In  1834  McElrath  &  Bangs  printed  the  First  Epistle  of 
St.  Paul  to  the  Corinthians  in  alternate  Mohawk  and 
English,  with  Hill  and  Wilkes  as  translators.  Howe 
&  Bates  printed  another  edition  in  1836.  The  former 
is  a  i6mo,  and  the  latter,  wholly  in  Mohawk,  a  i2mo. 
In  1835  the  above-named  printers  issued  the  Epistle 
to  the  Romans,  the  Epistle  to  the  Galatians,  and  the 
Epistle  to  the  Ephesians,  each  of  the  three  volumes 
:2mo. 


being 


386 


Early  Bibles. 


In  1836  the  Gospel  of  St.  John,  the  Epistles  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  John,  the  Epistle  of  St.  Jude,  and  the 
Book  of  Revelation  were  printed  in  Mohawk.  These 
six  volumes  are  without  title-pages,  and  are  supplied 
only  with  headings.  In  1836,  with  Hess  and  Wilkes 
as  translators,  the  Epistles  to  the  Philippians,  Colos- 
sians,  Thessalonians,  St.  Timothy,  St.  Titus,  St.  Phile- 
mon, and  the  Hebrews  were  published.  These  seven 
books  were  all  printed  by  Howe  &  Bates  for  the 
Young  Men's  Bible  Society  of  New  York.  They 
are  wholly  in  Mohawk,  and  are  i2mos,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  which  is  a 
l6mo. 

A  little  book  of  sixteen  pages,  bearing  on  the 
printed  cover  the  words,  "  Prayers  for  families,  and 
for  particular  persons,  selected  from  the  Book  of 
common  prayer,"  was  printed  at  Albany  in  18 16, 
by  G.  J.  Loomis  &  Co.  The  translation  was  made 
by  the  Indian  missionary,  the  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams. 
A  revised  and  enlarged  edition,  which  included  the 
Order  for  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer,  and  also  a 
portion  of  the  Psalms,  was  published  by  the  same 
translator  in  1853.  The  book  bears  the  imprint  of 
the  "  Protestant  Episcopal  Tract  Society  "  of  New 
York.  The  text  is  in  Mohawk,  except  a  few  of  the 
headings,  which  are  in  English.  Another  edition  was 
published  in  New  York  in  1867,  bearing  the  name 


The  Bible  itmoug  the  Indian  Tribes.       287 


of  "  H.  B.  Durand,  1  \  Bible  House."  Still  another 
appeared  in  New  York  in  1875,  with  "  T.  Whittaker, 
2  Bible  House,"  as  publisher. 

The  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams  was  widely  known  be- 
cause of  his  romantic  history.  His  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  and  being  carried 
with  her  father  into  captivity,  eventually  married  a 
chief  of  the  Caughnawaga  Indians.  Another  feature 
that  added  to  his  eventful  life  was  the  claim  which 
was  set  up,  and  argued  with  considerable  plausibility, 
that  he  was  the  dauphin  of  Louis  XVI. 

It  remains  to  add  that  a  translation  of  the  Book 
of  Isaiah  was  printed  in  1839  by  D.  Fanshaw  for  the 
American  Bible  Society.  It  is  an  i8mo  volume  of 
343  pages,  entirely  in  the  Mohawk  language. 

As  early  as  181 8  some  portion  of  Holy  Scripture 
had  been  published  in  Seneca,  for  a  book  of  hymns 
in  the  Seneca  language,  bearing  that  date,  contains 
the  third  chapter  of  St.  John's  Gospel  and  the  Lord's 
Prayer.  This  i6mo  work,  in  which  the  text  occupies 
nineteen  pages,  was  published  at  Buffalo,  with  the 
imprint  of  H.  A.  Salisbury.  The  translation  was 
made  by  Jabez  B.  Hyde. 

The  annual  report  of  the  New  York  Missionary 
Society,  dated  April,  1820,  in  speaking  of  a  spell- 
ing-book in  the  Seneca  tongue  by  Mr.  Hyde,  says 
that  he  "  is  about  publishing  in  the  same  language 


288 


Early  Bibles. 


Christ's  Sermon  on  the  Mount  and  the  first  six  chap- 
ters of  the  Evangelist  John." 

As  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  next  publica- 
tion in  Seneca  was  a  translation  of  the  Sermon  on 
the  Mount,  by  the  Rev.  Thompson  S.  Harris,  and 
J.  Young,  printed  in  1829,  in  an  i8mo  volume  of  six- 
teen pages,  by  the  American  Bible  Society.  Also 
in  1829  a  translation  by  Mr.  Harris  of  the  Gospel  of 
St.  Luke  in  alternate  English  and  Seneca  in  an  i8mo 
book  of  149  pages  was  issued  by  the  American  Bible 
Society,  and  possibly  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  by  the 
same  translator,  though  the  exact  date  is  uncertain. 

The  name  of  the  Rev.  Asher  Wright  is  prominently 
connected  with  early  translations  into  the  Seneca  lan- 
guage. From  the  time  of  his  graduation  at  Andover 
Theological  Seminary  in  1831,  he  gave  his  ministry 
of  nearly  forty-one  years  to  missionary  work  among 
the  Seneca  Indians.  Mr.  Pilling  makes  the  follow- 
ing note  of  Mr.  Wright's  history:^  "After  entering 
upon  his  field  of  labor,  he  became  convinced  that  a 
knowledge  of  the  Seneca  language  would  greally  aid 
him  in  his  work,  and  began  its  study  with  great  zeal. 
Being  a  good  linguist,  and  having  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  classics,  he  soon  spoke  the  Seneca  lan- 
guage with  fluency.  Having  mastered  it,  he  com- 
menced  the  translation  of  a  part  of  the  Book  of 

1  "  Bibliography  of  the  Iroquoian  Languages,"  pp.  177,  178. 


•  ( 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.        289 


Genesis  and  the  Epistle  of  James.  He  also  prepared 
two  editions  of  hymns.  Transferring  the  work  of 
translation  to  the  Cattaraugus  Reservation,  he  here 
completed  the  work  of  translating  the  Four  Gospels, 
issued  a  number  of  religious  tracts,  prepared  a  vocabu- 
lary of  the  Seneca  language,  and  a  part  of  the  com- 
mon laws  of  the  State  of  New  York,  all  of  which 
were  printed  by  the  American  Bible  Society."  The 
tracts,  containing  portions  of  Genesis  and  Exodus,  are 
without  date.  A  volume  containing  the  Gospels  of 
St.  Matthew,  St.  Mark,  and  St.  Luke  was  printed,  but 
the  date  is  lacking.  The  Four  Gospels  in  the  Seneca 
language  were  issued  in  a  i6mo  book  by  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society  in  1874.  The  text  is  wholly  in 
Seneca,  and  occupies  445  pages.  Another  edition 
of  this  book  from  the  same  source  was  published  in 
1878. 

It  is  a  matter  of  record  that  a  small  volume  con- 
taining extracts  from  the  Gospels  was  published  in 
the  Huron  language,  but  no  description  can  be  given 
of  it,  as  no  copy  of  the  book  is  known  to  be  in  ex- 
istence. 

The  several  tribes  that  speak  the  Muskhogean  lan- 
guages were  originally  settled  in  Mississippi  and  Ala- 
bama, but  they  are  now  confined  to  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory. Their  movement  to  the  West  began  about 
the  year  1800.     For  their  instruction  the  Pentateuch, 


290 


Early  Bibles. 


II 


the  Psalms,  and  most  of  the  historical  books  of  the 
Old  Testament  have  been  translated,  and  the  whole 
of  the  New  Testament.  The  Choctaw  and  Muskoki 
Indians  belong  to  this  family. 

The  earliest  known  publication  of  any  part  of  Scrip- 
ture in  the  Choctaw  language  is  dated  1825.  It 
bears  the  imprint  of  Morgan,  Lodge  &  Fisher,  Cin- 
cinnati, O.  It  is  a  i6mo  of  84  pages.  The  book 
states  on  the  title-page  that  it  was  "  prepared  and 
published  under  the  direction  of  the  missionaries  in 
the  Chahta  nation,  with  the  aid  of  Captain  David 
Folsom,  interpreter."  The  missionaries  referred  to 
were  the  Rev.  Alfred  Wright  and  the  Rev.  Cyrus 
Byington,  two  names  that  are  found  on  the  scrip- 
tural translations  into  Choctaw  for  years.  This  first 
publication  was  a  spelling-book,  which  included  trans- 
lations of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Ten  Commandments, 
the  parable  of  the  rich  man  and  Lazarus,  and  the 
third  chapter  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John.  A  second 
revised  edition  was  issued  by  the  same  printers  in 
1827.  The  book  went  through  several  editions  with 
varied  revisions  and  enlargements.  In  1827  a  little 
book  of  48  pages  was  published  bearing  the  title 
"  Portions  of  the  Bible  in  the  Choctaw  Language." 
It  contains  the  Ten  Commandments,  and  selections 
from  Genesis,  Psalms,  St.  Matthew,  and  St.  John. 
Another  book  of  the  same  date,  with  Morgan,  Lodge 


Tlic  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.        291 


&  Fisher  as  printers,  contains  translations  of  portions 
of  Scripture.  In  1831  William  Williams  of  Utica, 
N.  Y.,  printed  in  Choctaw  a  i6mo  book  of  152  pages 
which  was  supplied  with  the  Gospels  of  St.  Luke 
and  St.  John  and  a  few  chapters  from  St.  Mark. 

In  1833  the  second  edition  of  Wright  and  Bying- 
ton's  "Choctaw  Hymn  Book  "  was  published  in  Bos- 
ton by  Crocker  &  Brewster.  This  issue  contains 
the  Ten  Commandments  and  selections  from  St.  Luke, 
which  evidently  did  not  form  a  part  of  the  first 
edition. 

The  Rev.  A.  Talley,  a  Methodist  missionary  among 
the  Indians  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama  from  1828 
to  1833,  translated  portions  of  the  Scriptures  into 
the  Choctaw  language.  When,  where,  and  by  whom 
these  were  printed  cannot  be  stated,  as  no  copies  are 
known  to  be  extant. 

John  F.  Wheeler  in  1836  printed  for  the  Ameri- 
can Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  a 
i6mo  book  of  "  Moral  and  Religious  Tracts,"  which 
contained,  among  its  varied  contents,  the  translation 
of  the  Book  of  Jonah,  the  story  of  Naaman  and 
Gehazi,  and  the  one  hundred  and  si.xteenth  Psalm. 
This  work  is  credited  to  Wright  and  Byington. 

Crocker  &  Brewster  of  Boston  printed  in  1839  for 
the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  in  Choctaw.     It  is  a  i2mo  book  of 


292 


Early  Bibles. 


165  pages.     The  translation  was  from  the  pen  of  the 
Rev.  Cyrus  Byington. 

The  Park  Hill  Mission  Press  printed  in  1841  a 
translation  of  the  Epistles  of  St.  John,  and  in  1843 
the  Epistles  of  St.  James,  each  a  24mo  book,  with 
the  Rev.  Alfred  Wright  as  translator.  Crocker  & 
Brewster  printed  in  1842  for  the  American  Board 
the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  in  Choctaw,  in  a  i2mo 
book.  There  was  a  second  edition  in  1845.  In  the 
latter  year  the  same  printers  issued  the  Gospels  of 
St.  Mark,  St.  Luke,  and  St.  John,  each  ii  separate 
books  of  i2mo  size.  Also  in  1845  they  printed  a 
volume  of  the  Four  Gospels.  Three  chapters  of  the 
Book  of  Revelation  appeared  in  1844  from  the  Park 
Hill  Mission  Press.  These  numerous  translations 
ii..i)\  the  New  Testament  were  the  joint  work  of 
Wright  and  Byington.  Their  labors  finally  culminated 
in  the  translation  of  the  entire  New  Testament  into 
Choctaw,  which  was  published  by  the  American 
Bible  Society  in  1848  in  a  i6mo  book  of  818  pages. 
This  is  not  a  rare  volume  to  collectors,  as  one  in 
excellent  condition  brought  at  the  Brinley  sale  but 

$1.25. 

Portions  of  the  Old  Testament  in  Choctaw  appeared 
at  later  dates.  Wright  and  Byingt'on  translated  the 
Books  of  Joshua,  Judges,  and  Ruth,  which  were 
published  by  the  American  Bible  Society  in  1852. 


)v 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       293 


The  edition  was  repeated  in  187 1.  In  the  same  year 
the  same  society  issued  the  First  and  Second  Books 
of  Samuel  and  the  First  Book  of  Kings,  Wright  and 
Byington  being  the  translators.  This  book  was  pub- 
lished again  in  1871  with  the  Second  Book  of  Kings 
appended.  The  translator  of  this  latter  part  was  the 
Rev.  John  Edwards,  a  Presbyterian  missionary  among 
the  Choctaws.  The  Pentateuch  came  from  the  press 
of  the  American  Bible  Society  in  1867,  in  a  i6mo 
book  of  564  pages,  the  translation  being  made  by 
the  Rev.  Cyrus  Byington.  Probably  the  latest  trans- 
lation into  the  Choctaw  was  the  Book  of  Psalms  in 
1886,  with  the  imprint  of  the  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety. The  translation  is  the  work  of  the  Rev.  John 
Edwards. 

The  Rev.  Alfred  Wright,  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Bying- 
ton, and  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Kingsbury  did  a  great  work 
among  the  Choctaws,  says  Dr.  Brinton,  "  in  redeem- 
ing the  nation  from  drunkenness,  ignorance,  and 
immorality,  to  sobriety,  godliness,  and  civilization. 
There  are  no  lives  which  in  the  eyes  of  the  philan- 
thropist are  more  worthy  of  admiration,  or  more  de- 
serving of  record  than  those  of  such  men,  who  not 
only  rescue  thousands  of  individuals  from  spiritual 
degradation  but  preserve  with  enlightened  care  the 
only  memorials  of  whole  nations."  Mr.  Byington,  in 
addition  to  his  work  in  translating  Scripture,  was  the 


294 


Early  Bibles. 


*' 


SJ! 


author  of  a  Choctaw  grammar,  and  also  a  dictionary 
of  that  language.  Byington  was  a  native  of  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  the  date  of  his  birth  being  March  ii, 
1793.  He  turned  his  attention  to  law,  which  he 
practised  for  a  few  years,  but  finally  abandoned  it 
to  study  theology  at  Andover  Seminary.  In  1819 
he  entered  upon  his  missionary  career  among  the 
Choctaws,  which  continued  through  forty-nine  years 
until  his  death,  December  31,  1868.  Mr.  Byington 
had  a  great  aptitude  for  languages,  and  was  pre- 
eminently a  man  of  scholarly  attainments.  His  co- 
worker, the  Rev.  Alfred  Wright,  was  also  of  studious 
habits.  He  was  born  in  Columbia,  Conn.,  March  i, 
I  788.  He  was  graduated  at  Wiliiams  College,  and 
also  at  Andover  Theological  Seminary.  Though  he 
had  the  prospect  of  becoming  a  Greek  professor,  he 
abandoned  the  expected  honor  for  the  sake  of  mis- 
sionary work  among  the  Choctaw  Indians.  He  was 
appointed  missionary  in  1820,  and  labored  faithfully 
for  thirty -three  years  until  his  death,  in  1853.  His 
translations  of  various  parts  of  Scripture  are  vigor- 
ous and  accurate,  showing  that  he  had  the  mind  of 
a  j!ainstaking  and  enthusiastic  scholar.  The  Rev. 
Joim  Edwards  has  also  accomplished  much  in  both 
secular  and  religious  literature  by  his  translations 
in  the  Choctaw  dialect.  The  Rev.  Allen  Wright,  a 
native  Choctaw  and  chief,  was  a  strong  factor  in  the 


I  V 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.        295 


moral  and  religious  elevation  of  his  people.  He  died 
in  1885. 

The  earliest  translation  of  portions  of  Scripture 
into  the  Muskoki  language  was  made  in  1835,  and 
printed  by  John  Meeker  at  the  Shawanoe  Baptist 
Mission  Press  in  Indian  Territory,  in  a  24mo  book 
of  190  pages.  It  contains  the  Gospel  of  St.  John, 
and  parts  of  the  Gospels  of  St.  Matthew  and  St. 
Mark.  The  translators  were  John  Davis  and  Jona- 
than Lykins.  The  former  was  a  Creek  Indian  who 
had  been  taken  prisoner  when  a  lad,  in  the  War  of 
1812,  and  was  educated  among  the  whites.  He  was 
of  great  service  to  the  missionaries  as  an  interpreter. 

The  Rev.  Robert  M.  Loughridge.  D.D.,  a  Presby- 
terian missionary,  translated  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mat- 
thew into  Muskoki  in  a  24mo  volume,  printed  by  the 
Park  Hill  Mission  Press,  in  1855.  Another  edition 
(a  i6mo)  of  St.  Matthew,  by  the  same  translator,  was 
published  by  the  American  Bible  Society  in  1867, 
and  reissued  in  1875. 

Mrs.  Ann  E.  W.  Robertson,  the  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  A.  Worcester,  D.D.,  has  translated,  with 
the  assistance  of  others,  the  Gospels,  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles,  the  Epistles,  and  the  Book  of  Revelation, 
in  thirteen  separate  volumes  at  different  dates,  but 
these  publications  are  so  recent  that  a  description  of 
them  is  unnecessary.     They  were  all  printed  by  the 


296 


Early  Bibles. 


American  Bible  Society.  In  1887  the  same  organi- 
zation issued  the  entire  New  Testament  in  Muskoki. 
It  is  a  i6mo  volume,  with  the  title-page  in  Indian. 
It  is  understood  that  Mrs.  Robertson  is  engaged  in 
translating  a  Muskoki  edition  of  the  Old  Testament. 

The  Dakota  or  Sioux  Indians  are  ranked  among 
the  most  warlike  and  powerful  tribes  in  America. 
Whi'e  in  the  course  of  years  they  have  cl.anged  their 
base,  or  have  been  forced  West,  they  are  found  at 
present  mainly  in  Dakota,  Montana,  Wyoming,  and 
Minnesota.  "  The  publications  in  the  Siouan  lan- 
guage," says  Mr.  Pilling,^  "cover  perhaps  a  wider 
range  than  those  of  any  other  linguistic  group  of 
North  America,  including  the  whole  Bible,  school- 
books,  periodicals,  etc.  Nearly  every  dialect  is  rep- 
resented in  print  or  in  manuscript,  either  by  diction- 
aries or  extensive  vocabularies,  and,  of  five  of  the 
languages  at  least,  somev^^hat  pretentious  grammars 
have  been  prepared." 

The  first  volume  in  the  Siouan  language  was  a 
translation  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Lieberkuhn's  History 
of  our  Lord  "  in  the  very  words  of  Scripture."  The 
title  on  the  cover  states  that  it  was  "  translated  into 
the  language  of  the  Otoe,  loway,  and  Missouri  tribes 
of  Indians,  by  Moses  Merrill,  Missionary  of  the  Bap- 
tist Board  of  Foreign   Missions,  assisted   by   Louis 


1  " 


Bibliography  of  the  Siouan  Languages,"  p.  4  of  preface. 


',\ 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.       297 


Dorion,  interpreter."  The  book  was  printed  by 
J.  Meeker  in  1837,  at  the  Shawanoe  mission.  The 
book  is  a  i2mo  of  32  pages,  bound  with  a  printed 
cover.     It  is  marked  Part  I. 

Next  comes  the  name  of  Joseph  Renville,  a  man 
who  had  to  do  with  numerous  translations  of  the 
Scriptures  into  Dakota,  and  whose  ability  was  re- 
spected and  appreciated  by  all  his  contemporaries. 
He  was  of  mixed  blood,  French  and  Dakota.  He 
was  educated  until  manhood  by  a  Roman  Catholic 
priest  in  Canada,  where  he  had  been  sent  by  his 
father.  Later  he  returned  to  live  among  his  own 
people.  He  was  born  near  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  about 
1779,  and  died  at  Lac-qui- Parle,  in  the  same  State, 
in  1 846.  The  first  publication  bearing  his  name  was 
issued  in  1839,  and  was  a  translation — made  from 
the  French  Bible  as  published  by  the  American  Bible 
Society — of  certain  parts  of  Genesis  and  the  Psalms, 
the  third  chapter  of  Proverbs,  and  the  third  chapter 
of  Daniel,  in  the  Dakota  language,  the  work  being 
directed  by  Thomas  S.  Williamson,  M.D.  It  was 
printed  for  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions,  by  Kendall  &  Henry  of  Cin- 
cinnati, O.  It  is  a  24mo  book  of  ']2  pages,  in  the 
Santee  dialect.  The  first  title-page  is  in  English 
and  the  second  in  Indian.  Also  in  the  same  year 
the  same  printers  issued  extracts  from  St.  Matthew, 


298 


Early  Bibles. 


St.  Luke,  and  St.  John,  from  tht  Acts  of  the  Apos- 
tles, and  from  the  First  Epistle  of  St.  John,  translated 
from  the  French  by  Renville  and  prepared  by  Wil- 
liamson, all  in  one  volume.  Also  in  the  same  year, 
from  Kendall  &  Henry,  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mark,  "  and 
extracts  from  some  other  books  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment," as  the  title-page  reads. 

The  next  publication  of  note  was  a  work  by  Thomas 
S.  Williamson  and  others,  issued  in  1842,  which  in- 
cluded translations  of  Genesis  and  a  part  of  the  Psalms, 
W^illiamson  translating  Genesis,  and  the  Rev.  Stephen 
R.  Riggs  and  Joseph  Renville  the  Psalms.  Bound 
up  in  the  same  volume  is  a  translation  of  St.  Luke, 
by  the  Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond,  and  another  of  St.  John 
by  Joseph  Renville.  These  two  latter  translations 
fue  joined  under  one  title-page,  and  dated  1843. 
Like  the  previous  books,  the  place  of  publication 
was  Cincinnati. 

In  1843  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  Epistles  of 
St.  Paul,  and  the  Revelation  of  St.  John  were  pub- 
lished in  the  Dakota  tongue,  the  printers  being  Ken- 
dall &  Barnard  of  Cincinnati,  and  the  translator  the 
Rev.  Stephen  R.  Riggs,  D.D.  In  1865  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society  published  the  New  Testament  in 
Dakota.  This  was  also  the  translation  of  Dr.  Riggs. 
The  volume  is  a  i6mo  numbering  408  pages.  From 
the  same  pen  came  several  translations  of  the  Old 


.  I  /■ 


M 


i  ^■ 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian   Tribes.       299 


I 


Testament  Scriptures.  The  American  Bible  Society 
published  the  Book  of  Psalms  in  1869.  An  enlarged 
edition  with  the  same  title  appeared  in  187 1,  with 
portions  of  Proverbs,  Ecclesiastes,  Song  of  Solomon, 
and  Isaiah.  The  same  society  issued  in  Dakota  in 
1877  the  Books  of  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  Daniel,  and  the 
minor  prophets,  by  the  same  translator. 

The  Rev.  (  ^on  H.  Pond  translated  "  The  His- 
tory of  Joseph  "  into  the  Dakota  language,  and  the 
book,  of  56  pages,  was  printed  by  Kendall  &  Henry 
of  Cincinnati  in  1839.  The  Rev.  Samuel  \V.  Pond, 
also  a  missionary  to  the  Indians,  translated  the  Bible 
stories  of  the  Old  Testament  into  the  Santee  dialect, 
which  was  printed  by  Crocker  &  Brewster  of  Boston 
in  1842. 

The  most  diligent  translator  of  the  Old  Testament 
books  was  Dr.  Williamson.  Genesis  and  Proverbs,  in 
the  Dakota  tongue,  appeared  from  his  pen  in  1865, 
Exodus  in  1869,  and  Leviticus  in  the  same  year. 
A  volume  with  the  title  "  The  First  Four  Books  of 
Moses"  bears  the  date  of  1872.  Another,  with  the 
heading  "  The  Law  of  Moses,"  has  the  same  date, 
and  also  a  separate  volume  containing  Deuteronomy. 
The  Books  of  Joshua,  Judges,  and  Ruth  were  issued 
in  one  volume  in  1875.  All  these  publications  bear 
the  imprint  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  In  1877 
this  organization  bound  together  the  various  por- 


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Early  Bibles. 


tions  of  Scripture  which  had  been  issued  in  several 
volumes,  so  that  the  whole  constituted  the  greater 
part  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Finally,  in 
1880  the  American  Bible  Society  printed  the  entire 
Bible  in  the  Dakota  language.  The  translation  was 
the  joint  work  of  Williamson  and  Riggs.  This  com- 
plete Bible  is,  says  Mr.  Pilling,^  "  the  first,  so  far  as 
I  know,  except  the  Cree  and  Eskimo,  in  any  Indian 
tongue  since  Eliot's  Bible  in  the  Massachusetts  lan- 
guage." 

The  men  who  sought  the  moral  and  spiritual  ele- 
vation of  the  Sioux  Indians,  by  consecrating  their 
scholarship  to  the  dissemination  of  scriptural  light 
and  knowledge,  have  made  an  imperishable  record. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  S.  Williamson,  M.D.,  was  born 
in  Union  District,  S.  C,  in  March,  1800.  He  received 
his  education  at  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsville,  Pa,, 
and  was  graduated  with  the  class  of  1820.  He  read 
medicine  privately  for  a  time,  and  then  entered  the 
medical  department  of  Yale  College,  graduating  in 
1 824.  He  practised  medicine  successfully  for  nearly 
ten  years  at  Ripley,  O.  In  1834  he  was  appointed 
by  the  American  Board  on  an  expedition  to  the 
Upper  Mississippi,  with  instructions  to  look  into  the 
condition  of  certain  Indians,  but  chiefly  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes.    This  expedition  brought  him  also  into  asso- 

1  '•'  Bibliography  of  the  Siouan  Languages,"  p.  80. 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       301 


ciation  with  the  Sioux  Indians,  among  whom  he  was 
to  labor  for  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  The  explora- 
tion party  went  as  far  west  as  Fort  Snelling,  and  from 
there  to  Lac-qui- Parle  in  Minnesota.  Dr.  William- 
son was  greatly  drawn  to  the  work,  and  when  the 
expedition  returned  he  surrendered  his  profession  as 
a  physician,  in  which  he  had  been  successful,  and 
was  appointed  a  missionary  among  the  Dakotas. 
He  then  came  back  to  Minnesota  and  threw  himself 
with  much  zeal  into  the  instruction  of  the  Indians. 
He  organized  a  native  church  at  Lac-qui-Parle  in 
1837,  and  entered  upon  the  work  of  translating  the 
Scriptures  into  the  Siouan  language,  which  work  he 
continued  with  unabated  ardor  for  years.  He  died 
at  St.  Peter,  Minn.,  in  1879,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 
He  has  been  justly  styled  "  The  Father  of  the  Dakota 
Mission." 

The  two  brothers.  Rev.  Samuel  W.  Pond  and  the 
Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond,  natives  of  Washington,  Conn., 
joined  the  Dakota  mission  in  1834,  and  greatly  as- 
sisted in  the  education  of  the  Indians  by  their  trans- 
lations of  several  books  and  portions  of  Scripture. 

Among  devoted  scholar^  and  missionaries,  the  name 
of  the  Rev.  Stephen  R.  Riggs,  D.D.,  will  always  hold 
a  prominent  place.  He  was  born  at  Steubenville,  O., 
March  12,  1812.  He  received  his  secular  education 
at  Jefferson  College,  Pa.,  and  his  theological  training 


302 


Early  Bibles, 


at  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  in  the  same 
State.  He  was  commissioned  as  a  missionary  among 
the  Dakotas  in  1837.  In  the  same  year  he  joined 
Dr.  Williamson  and  the  Pond  brothers  at  Lac-qui- 
Parle,  Minn. 

He  devoted  himself  with  great  enthusiasm  to  the 
study  of  the  Dakota  language,  and  became  both  a 
master  of  it  as  well  as  an  authority.  In  addition  to 
his  translation  of  parts  of  Scripture,  and  finally  with 
Dr.  Williamson  of  the  entire  Bible,  he  was  the  author 
of  a  "  Grammar  and  Dictionary  of  the  Dakota  Lan- 
guage," which  exists  to-day  as  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able contributions  to  philology  ever  compiled  in  this 
country.  In  recognition  of  his  attainments  as  a 
scholar,  Beloit  College  conferred  upon  him  in  1873 
the  degree  of  D.D.,  and  Jefferson  College  that  of 
LL.D.  Dr.  Riggs  died  at  Beloit,  Wis.,  August  24, 
1883,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of  his  age. 

A  little  i6mo  book  of  30  pages,  containing  selec- 
tions from  Scripture  in  the  Omaha  language,  was 
printed  by  Edward  O.  Jenkins,  20  North  William 
Street,  New  York,  in  1868.  The  Rev.  William  Ham- 
ilton was  the  translator.  A  portion  of  the  Gospel  of 
St.  Matthew  in  the  Iowa  language  was  issued  in  1850. 
The  translation  was  made  by  Mr.  Hamilton,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  S.  M.  Irwin. 

The  Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  and  St.  Titus  in  the 


The  Bible  among  the  Indian  Tribes.       303 


Santee  dialect  were  printed  in  an  octavo  volume  at 
Yankton  Agency,  Dak.,  in  1878,  the  translation  being 
that  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  W.  Cook.  An  analysis  of  the 
Bible  in  the  Yankton  language  by  the  same  translator 
from  the  same  press  is  dated  1879. 

The  late  Rev.  Samuel  D.  Hinman  translated  into 
Santee  the  Psalms  that  are  appointed  for  morning 
and  evening  prayer,  the  book  being  printed  by  the 
Mission  Press  in  the  Archdeaconry  of  the  Niobrara 
in  187 1.  He,  with  others,  also  translated  the  Prayer 
Book,  which  was  published  in  New  York  in  1878. 


THE  BIBLE  IN  MEXICO. 


It  is  well  known  that  the  first  printing  on  this  con- 
tinent was  executed  in  the  city  of  Mexico.  Three 
quarters  of  a  century  before  the  landing  at  Plymouth 
Rock  and  the  settlement  of  the  American  colonies, 
Mexico  had  a  press  and  a  literature.  Much  has  been 
written  concerning  the  first  book  printed  in  the  New 
World.  It  has  been  claimed  that  this  was  a  work 
with  the  title,  "  The  Spiritual  Ladder  to  Ascend  to 
Heaven,"  the  same  being  a  translation  from  the  Latin 
made  by  St.  John  CHmacus,  and  printed  in  Mexico 
by  Juan  Pablos  in  1535  or  1536.  No  copy  of  this 
book  is  known  to  be  in  existence.  The  only  sup- 
position for  its  existence  is  that  it  is  referred  to 
by  Padilla,  Alonzo  Fernandez,  and  Gonzales  Davila, 
three  early  writers  who  speak  of  it  in  an  indefinite 
way.  Senor  Joaquin  Garcia  Icazbalceta  in  his  learned 
book  entitled  "  Bibliografia  Mexicana  del  Siglo  XVI." 
places  at  the  head  of  the  list,  as  the  first  and  earliest 
Mexican  publication,  "  Breve  y  mas  compendiosa  doc- 

304 


u.._^ 


BIBLU, 


y4»iM 


EN  LAliN  Y  ESPAflfOL, 
CON  NOTAS 

UTBRAUSS,  ORfTlOAt  B  BM»T6uiCA», 
PBBFACIOS  T  DISERTACIONBS, 


..  CMDWteio  im  D.  Agnstim  CdoMt,  AUd  4»  ftmaiMW,  del  Abaci  ▼•■•• 
an*  othkiM utofM, pua fiMiUtar  b  i«nHfn»h>4»  U  BaoUEMtilaM. 


iONttirAiM.  am  amdrnw  y  mafa*. 


jmraVERA  GBICION  nOBJICANA 

JMnUAimtS  eonrOSMB  a  Ui  OVAWTA  T  OUIUA  VRAllOBtA 
D«L  ASo  OIK  1880. 


t\ 


MBJICO. 


^■irv^". 


M  SAIiVAir  A  OAXtiO  DB  icABUMO  iUlfiVAUl^ 


--^adii 


Fac-Bimile  of  the  title  page  of  the  Bible  printed  in  Latin  and  Spanish  in  the  City  of 
Mexico  in  1831.    Iteduced  size. 


The  Bible  in  Mexico. 


30s 


trina  Christiana  en  lengua  Mexicana  y  Castellana,"  by 
Fray  Juan  de  Zumarraga,  the  first  bishop  of  Mexico. 
The  volume  was  printed  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  by 
Juan  Cromberger,  and  the  date  assigned  it  is  the 
year  1539. 

Many  false  impressions  have  been  perpetuated 
by  various  writers,  who  have  asserted  that  portions 
of  the  Bible  were  printed  at  an  early  date  in  Mex- 
ico. This  has  arisen  from  confounding  the  trans- 
lation of  Scripture  with  its  printing.  It  is  true  that 
there  were  early  translations  of  the  Epistles  and 
Gospels  for  the  Christian  year.  Don  Jose  Fernando 
Ramirez,  the  president  of  Maximilian's  first  ministry, 
possessed  a  valuable  collection  of  Mexican  books. 
After  the  death  of  this  bibliophile  his  library  was 
sold  in  1880  by  Puttick  &  Simpson  of  London.  A 
manuscript  in  the  catalogue  is  described  as  follows: 
"  524.  Mexican — Epistles  and  Gospels  in  Mexican. 
MS.  4to.  Seventy-four  leav  It  commences :  *  In- 
cipiunt  Epistole  et  Euagelia  quv  in  Diebus  Dominicus 
per  Ani  totius  circulum  legutur,  traducta  in  lingua 
Mexicanam.*  The  first  page  is  richly  ornamented  in 
red  and  black,  the  same  as  the  initial  letter  D.  There 
is  no  indication  of  a  date,  but  belongs  to  the  sixteenth 
century.  The  commencement  of  the  sacred  text  is 
in  red  and  the  initial  letters  are  ornamented." 

This  interesting  manuscript  was  bought  at  this  sale 


3o6 


Early  Bibles, 


by  Mr.  Quaritch  of  London  for  £,\^  los.,  and  dis- 
posed of  by  him  later  for  ;^20. 

In  the  National  Library  in  the  city  of  Mexico  thtre 
is  a  manuscript  in  quarto  of  the  Epistles  and  Gospels 
for  the  Christian  year  written  in  the  native  language. 
Sefior  Eufernio  Abadiano  of  the  same  city  has  a 
manuscript  of  the  Gospels,  neatly  written  in  Aztec 
characters.  It  is  bound  in  i6mo,  and  has  552  pages. 
While  all  these  manuscripts  are  without  date,  they 
clearly  belong  to  the  sixteenth  century.  There  is 
no  indication  of  the  names  of  the  translators.  Some 
writers  attribute  these  works  to  Molina,  and  others 
to  Sahagun.  Why  were  not  these  translations  of  por- 
tions of  Scripture  printed  and  published?  Why  do 
not  the  dates  appear?  Why  were  not  the  names  of 
translators  given?  There  is  only  one  answer,  and 
that  is,  because  the  publication  of  the  Bible  was 
strictly  prohibited.  In  a  well-known  book,  entitled 
"  Indice  ultimo  de  Los  Liberos  Prohibidos  y  manda- 
dos  expurgar :  para  todos  los  Reynos  y  Senorios  del 
Catolico  Rey  de  Las  Espanas,  El  Senor  Don  Carlos 
IV.,"  printed  in  Madrid  by  Don  Antonio  de  Sancha 
in  1790,  under  the  title  of  "  Biblia,"  on  page  29,  we 
find  these  words,  "  Biblia  traducida  en  lengua  Mexi- 
cana,  se  prohibe  qualquiera  impression,"  which,  being 
translated,  read,  "It  is  prohibited,"  that  is,  by  the 
Spanish  Inquisition,  "  to  print  any  edition  whatsoever 


Tht  Bible  in  Mexico. 


307 


of  the  Bible  in  the  Mexican  language."  This  pro- 
hibition continued  through  long  years.  It  was  not 
until  1889  that  any  part  of  the  Bible  was  printed  in 
the  native  Aztec  language  of  Mexico,  and  then  it 
came  from  a  Methodist  mission  press.  The  little 
book  is  a  translation  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke,  made 
by  a  native  convert.  On  the  outside  cover  are  these 
words :  "  Yacuic  lyec  Tenonotzaltzin  in  Jesu-Christo» 
quenami  oquimo  ihcuilhuili  in  San  Lucas.  Mexico : 
Imprenta  evangelica  calle  de  Gante.  No.  5.  1889." 
The  book  has  1 39  pages. 

Editions  of  the  Bible  in  Spanish  were  not  printed 
in  Mexico  until  the  present  century.  In  1831  an 
elaborate  publication  of  the  Scriptures  in  Latin  and 
Spanish  was  started,  and  appeared  from  time  to  time 
in  numbers.  The  subscription  price  was  one  hundred 
dollars.  It  is  liberally  supplied  with  footnotes,  of  a 
literary,  critical,  and  historical  character.  It  follows 
the  French  edition  of  Calmet  of  1820.  The  bound 
volumes  as  seen  in  the  National  Library  of  the  city 
oi  Mexico  are  twenty-six  in  number.  Twenty-five 
of  these  are  small  quartos,  but  the  twenty-sixth  is 
oblong  in  shape,  and  wholly  devoted  to  the  engrav- 
ings, which  are  thirty-seven  in  number.  The  vol- 
umes from  one  to  eighteen  are  dated  1 83 1 ;  from  the 
eighteenth  to  the  twentieth  the  date  is  1832.  The 
New  Testament  begins  with  volume  twenty,  and  this 


f  \ 


308 


Early  Bibles. 


and  the  remaining  volumes  of  the  text  are  dated 
1833.  The  twenty-sixth  or  last  volume,  containing 
the  engravings,  has  the  imprint  of  the  year  1835. 
The  words  of  the  title-page  of  the  first  volume  read 
as  follows : 

"  Sagrada  Biblia,  en  Latin  y  Espafiol,  Con  Notas 
Literales,  criticas  i  histdricas,  Prefacios  y  disertaci- 
ones,  Sacadas  del  Comentario  de  D.  Agustin  Calmet, 
Abad  de  Senones,  del  Abad  Vence  y  de  los  mas 
celebres  autories,  para  facilitar  la  inteligencia  de  la 
Santa  Escritura.  Obra  adornada  con  estampas  y 
mapas.  Primera  Edicion  Mejicana  enteramente  con- 
forme  a  la  cuarta  y  ultima  Francesa  del  aflo  de  1 820. 
Tomo  Primero.  Mejico.  Imprenta  de  Galvan  a  Car- 
go de  Mariano  Ar^valo,  Calle  de  Cadena  Num.  2. 
183 1.     Con  las  licencias  necesarias." 

On  the  back  of  the  title-page  are  these  words: 
"  Esta  traduccion  es  propriedad  de  Mariano  Galvin 
Rivera." 

The  preface  occupies  three  pages,  and  is  addressed 
to  the  Mexican  Church  and  is  signed  "  Mariano  Gal- 
van Rivera."  The  next  page  is  devoted  to  the 
*'  Advertencia."  Then  follows  an  engraving  repre- 
senting the  disciples  as  moved  by  the  Holy  Spirit, 
in  confirmation  of  2  Peter  i.  21.  The  engraving  is 
signed  by  Balch,  Stiles,  Wright  &  Co.  The  first  vol- 
ume does  not  contain  any  portion  of  Scripture,  but 


'  \ 


The  Bible  in  Mexico. 


309 


its  503  pages  are  taken  up  with  discussions  and  dis- 
sertations relating  to  religious  topics.  These  cover 
a  wide  range  of  subjects,  such  as  the  necessity  and 
truth  of  revelation,  the  inspiration  and  canonicity  of 
Scripture,  the  Septuagint  and  Vulgate  versions,  the 
decrees  of  the  Council  of  Trent  touching  the  sacred 
books,  the  history  of  the  Hebrews,  the  supenority  of 
biblical  narratives  over  all  others,  ancient  chronology, 
the  Pentateuch,  the  terrestrial  paradise,  the  patri- 
archs, Noah  and  his  descendants,  the  confusion  of 
tongues,  etc.  The  second  volume  contains  Genesis 
and  Exodus.  It  begins  with  a  preface  of  twelve 
pages,  which  relates  to  the  Book  of  Genesis.  The 
Latin  and  Spanish  are  in  parallel  columns,  and  the 
notes  are  at  the  foot  of  the  page.  The  text  of  552 
pages  is  followed  by  a  note  of  one  and  a  half  pages,  and 
the  book  ends  with  an  index  of  six  leaves.  Volume 
nineteen  concludes  the  Old  Testament,  and  the  re- 
maining six  volumes  contain  the  New  Testament. 

Another  edition  of  the  Bible  in  Latin  and  Spanish 
appeared  in  Mexico  in  183 1.  It  was  also  issued  in 
numbers,  and  was  not  completed  until  1835.  It  is 
in  eleven  small  quarto  volumes,  nine  for  the  Old 
Testament  and  two  for  the  New  Testament.  The 
following  is  the  title-page  of  the  first  volunxe : 

"  La  Biblia  Vulgata  Latina  Traducida  en  Espanol, 
y  andtada  conforme  al  Sentido  de  los  Santos  padres 


V 


3IO 


Early  Bibles. 


y  espositores  catdlicos,  For  el  ilustrisimo  Sefior  Don 
Felipe  Scio  de  San  Miguel,  Provincial  que  fue  del 
drden  de  las  escuelas  pias  de  Castilla,  Preceptor  del 
Serenisimo  Senor  Principe  de  Asturias,  y  Obispo 
de  Segovia.  Tomo  I.  del  Antiguo  Testamento.  El 
Genesis  y  el  Exodo.  Primera  Edicion  Megicana, 
Sacada  de  la  tercera  y  ultima  de  Espana.  Megico : 
En  casa  de  Cornelio  C.  Sebring.     1831." 

The  first  volume  has  563  pages,  including  the  in- 
dex. There  is  an  engraved  title-page  and  a  rep- 
resentation of  the  Mercy-seat.  Before  the  text  of 
Genesis  begins,  sixty  pages  are  devoted  to  "  Licen- 
cia,"  "  Advertencia,"  "  Dissertacion,"  and  other  pre- 
liminary matter.  Exodus  is  also  included  in  the  first 
volume,  which  is  dated  1831.  The  second  volume 
has  a  map  of  Canaan.  This  and  the  third  volume 
are  of  the  same  date  as  the  first.  The  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  are  1832,  the  seventh  and  eighth  1833,  the 
ninth  and  tenth  1834,  and  the  last  1835.  The  final 
volume  has  at  the  end  sixty- eight  pages  of  chrono- 
logical tables,  followed  by  an  index  to  notable  things 
of  Scripture. 

An  edition  of  the  Bible  wholly  in  Spanish  was 
printed  in  Mexico  in  1835.  It  is  in  seventeen  vol- 
umes of  i6mo  size.  The  title-page  of  the  first  vol- 
ume is  in  these  words: 

"  La  Sagrada  Biblia,  x,'uevamente  traducida  al  Es- 


/ 


The  Bible  in  Mexico. 


3" 


paiiol,  e  ilustrada  con  notas  por  Don  Felix  Torres 
Amat.  Edicion  reimpressa  de  la  segunda  de  Madrid. 
Tomo  I.  Genesis.  Mejico:  Libreria  de  Galvan, 
Portal  de  Agustinos.     1835." 

The  first  volume  contains  the  Book  of  Genesis. 
The  "Advertencia  "  is  one  and  a  half  pages  long.  A 
preliminary  discussion  follows  of  loi  pages.  The 
"Advertencia"  to  the  Book  of  Genesis  is  four  pages. 
Then  the  text  begins,  filling  the  pages  without  par- 
allel columns.  The  volumes  throughout  are  sup- 
plied with  brief  footnotes.  The  New  Testament  be- 
gins with  the  thirteenth  volume.  The  "  Adverten- 
cia "  takes  nineteen  pages,  and  that  to  the  Gospel  of 
St.  Matthew  one  page.  The  New  Testament  ends 
with  the  fifteenth  volume.  The  sixteenth  volume, 
of  296  pages,  is  wholly  devoted  to  general  notes. 
The  seventeenth  volume,  which  is  the  last,  is  mainly 
occupied  with  a  chronological  index  and  a  pastoral 
exhortation. 

Don  Felix  Torres  Amat,  who  edited  this  Bible, 
was  an  eminent  ecclesiastical  writer.  He  was  born 
at  Sabadell,  Spain,  August  fo,  1750.  In  1770  he 
became  professor  of  philosophy  and  librarian  in  the 
theological  seminary  at  Barcelona,  and  later  the  head 
of  the  institution.  In  1803  he  received  double  hon- 
ors, as  he  was  made  Archbishop  of  Palmyra  by 
the  Pope,  and  Abbot  of  St.  Ildefonso  by  Charles  IV. 


V 


312 


Early  Bibles. 


Amat  was  a  voluminous  writer  upon  theological  sub- 
jects. He  is  best  known  by  his  "  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory," which  treats  of  events  from  the  nativity  of 
Christ  to  the  eighteenth  century.  It  is  a  compre- 
hensive work  of  twelve  volumes.  In  his  speeches 
and  books,  Amat  took  a  liberal  position  on  political 
questions,  and  as  a  result  his  loyalty  was  suspected. 
During  the  war  between  France  and  Spain  which 
began  in  1794,  he  was  regarded  with  disfavor,  and 
when  the  British,  in  1812,  entered  Madrid,  he  was 
forced  to  leave  the  city.  Two  years  later  he  was 
banished  to  Catalonia.  His  last  days  were  spent  in 
a  monastic  institution  of  the  Franciscan  Order  near 
Salent,  where  he  died  September  28,  1824.  He 
edited  the  Bible  with  marked  ability,  as  the  notes 
and  discussions  indicate  a  ripe  scholarship  and  a  de- 
vout mind. 


V 


lOIVeiC  TESTiHtllT 


'^ 


DE 

NOTflE-SEiQNEUR  J^SUS-CHRIST, 

TRADUrT  EN  FRAN<JAIS,  ,, 

"  ■     -AVEC   LI     . 

C0MMENTATEJ3  LlTfERAL     , 

.   .   i>  '■ . 

DU  PfiRD  ^Dfi  CABBjftWa  DANS  LB  TB3WB, 


|,  HT  uw  mris  BXPMe4k!ni(|^(^||ipl^  pour 


,iv. 


A^QtJEBBd: 

(JHfei!  |i-*iPE.    FRfiCHetfBi  PjfeBE, 


^l4:i'f 


?>'•. 


Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  New  Testament  in  French,  published 
at  Quebec,  Canada,  in  1846.    Reduced  size. 


V 


THE  BIBLE  IN  CANADA. 


The  war  between  the  American  colonies  and 
Great  Britain  cut  oflf  the  importation  of  books  for  a 
time,  and  the  States  were  thrown  upon  their  own 
resources.  These  resources  were  feeble  enough  in 
the  beginning,  but  they  led  to  national  industries 
and  to  a  press  and  a  literature  distinctively  American. 
An  opposite  condition  of  things  existed  in  Canada. 
Books  continued  to  be  imported  from  England  with- 
out interruption.  The  publishers  of  Bibles  in  Lon- 
don, Oxford,  and  Cambridge  had  the  trade  in  their 
own  hands,  and  Canada  was  content  to  receive  her 
Bibles  from  these  sources  inasmuch  as  she  did  not 
have  the  facilities  to  print  books  either  as  well  or  as 
cheaply.  .Consequently  there  were  not  any  very 
early  Bibles  in  Canada.  It  is  true  there  were  de- 
tached portions  of  Scripture  printed  in  the  Indian 
languages,  but  not  the  entire  Bible.  The  first  edition 
of  the  New  Testament  did  not  appear  until  1846. 
This  is  an  octavo  of  752  pages  in  French. 

313 


\\ 


V 


314 


Early  Bibles. 


^ 


"  Le  Nouveau  Testament  de  Notre-Seigneur  Jesus- 
Christ,  Traduit  en  Fran9ais,  avec  le  Commentaire 
Litteral  Du  Pere  de  Carrieres  dans  le  texte,  et  des 
notes  expHcatives,  morales  et  dogmatiques,  pour  en 
Faciliter  1' Intelligence.  Public  avec  I'approbation  de 
Monsigneur  L'Archeveque  de  Quebec.  A  Quebec : 
Chez  J.  Bte.  Frechette,  Pere,  Imprimeur-Libraire, 
No.  13,  Rue  Lamontagne.     M.DCCC.XLVI." 

This  book  is  getting  to  be  scarce,  and  collectors 
find  the  price  on  the  advance. 

Mr.  O'Callaghan  says:^  "In  1835  or  1836  Mr. 
William  L.  Mackenzie  purchased  from  the  Bible 
Society  at  New  York  a  set  of  stereotype  plates,  and 
got  new  title-pages  cast  for  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments, substituting  Toronto  and  his  own  name  for 
the  Bible  Society's  imprint.  But  he  did  not  print 
an  edition  from  these  plates ;  they  passed  eventually 
into  the  hands  of  a  Mr.  Eastwood,  who  published 
a  Bible  from  them  at  Toronto  in  1839  or  1840,  on 
paper  manufactured  at  his  mill  on  the  river  Don,  im- 
mediately east  of  that  city.  There  was  but  one  edi- 
tion of  this  Eastwood  Bible,  after  which  the  plates 
were  resold  in  New  York;  it  was  the  only  Bible  ever 
printed  in  Canada  in  the  English  language."  Mr. 
O'Callaghan  states  that  he  has  never  seen  a  copy  of 
this  book,  and  therefore  gives  no  description  of  it  in 

1  "  List  of  Bibles  Printed  in  America,"  p.  xlix.  of  introduction. 


The  Bible  in  Canada. 


315 


his  list  of  Bibles.  The  writer  of  this  chapter  does 
not  know  of  a  copy  in  any  United  States  or  Canadian 
library.  The  Lenox  Library  in  New  York,  with  the 
finest  and  most  complete  collection  of  Bibles  in  this 
country,  does  not  have  it.  An  extensive  correspon- 
dence with  persons  in  Canada  has  fa:iled  to  bring  a 
single  copy  to  light. 

Canada  has  done  a  substantial  work  in  the  secular 
and  religious  education  of  the  Indian  tribes  within 
her  domain.  The  entire  Bible  has  been  translated 
into  the  Cree  language,  but  this  and  many  books  of 
instruction,  and  portions  of  Scripture,  were  printed 
in  England.  There  are,  however,  some  exceptions. 
The  Rt.  Rev.  John  Horden,  D.D.,  the  Bishop  of  Moo- 
sonee,  translated  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  which 
is  made  up  principally  of  Scripture,  into  the  dialect 
of  the  Cree  Indians.  The  book  was  printed  at  the 
mission  station  at  Moose  Factory  in  1854.  Dr.  Hor- 
den also  translated  and  printed  with  his  own  hands 
the  Four  Gospels  in  1859.  The  book  is  a  i6mo  of 
210  pages,  wholly  in  Cree.  Prior  to  this  date  por- 
tions of  the  New  Testament  had  been  translated  by 
the  Rev.  William  Mason.  The  Gospel  of  St.  John  was 
printed  at  the  Rossville  Mission  Press  in  1 851,  and 
reappeared  In  1852  and  1856  with  York  Factory  on 
the  title-page,  and  again  at  Rossville  in  1857.  The 
Epistles  of  the  New  Testament  also  were  printed  at 


V 


3i6 


Early  Bibles. 


Rossville  in  1857.  These  were  all  rough  copies  that 
were  sent  to  England  for  their  final  impressions. 

An  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  the  Cree 
language  was  printed  at  Montreal  in  1872.  The 
translation  was  made  by  Father  Lacombe,  in  a  i6mo 
book  of  478  pages. 

The  earliest  mention  we  have  of  the  translation 
of  Scripture  into  the  Chippewa  language  in  Canada 
dates  from  the  publication  of  an  octavo  book  of  32 
pages,  containing  a  portion  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mat- 
thew. It  was  printed  at  York  by  Robert  Stanton  in 
1829.  The  translator  was  Peter  Jones,  a  native  mis- 
sionary. The  text  is  in  both  English  and  Chippewa. 
The  entire  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  followed  in  1831, 
the  translation  being  the  joint  work  of  P.  and  J. 
Jones.  It  is  wholly  in  Chippewa,  in  an  octavo  vol- 
ume of  67  pages.  It  was  printed  at  York  by  James 
Baxter,  at  the  office  of  the  Colonial  Advocate.  The 
first  nine  chapters  of  the  Book  of  Genesis,  the  work 
of  the  two  missionaries,  Evans  and  Jones,  was  im- 
printed at  the  office  of  the  Christian  Guardian  in 
York  in  1833.  The  whole  Book  of  Genesis  in  i2mo, 
by  Peter  Jones,  was  printed  at  Toronto  at  the  office 
of  the  Christian  Advocate  in  1835. 

The  Rev.  James  Evans  was  a  missionary  among 
the  Hudson  Bay  Indians  for  eighteen  years.  It  was 
through  his  efforts  that  their  literature  was  so  shaped 


/■ 


v. 


The  Bible  in  Canada. 


317 


that  they  were  brought  within  the  influence  of  sa- 
cred and  secular  instruction.  The  Rev.  Egerton  R. 
Young  writes:*  "The  invention  of  what  are  known 
as  the  syllabic  characters  was  undoubtedly  Mr. 
Evans's  greatest  work,  and  to  his  unaided  genius  be- 
longs the  honor  of  devising  and  then  perfecting  this 
alphabet  which  has  been  such  a  blessing  to  thousands 
of  Cree  Indians.  The  principle  on  which  the  charac- 
ters are  formed  is  the  phonetic.  There  are  no  silent 
letters.  Each  character  represents  a  syllable,  hence 
no  spelling  is  required.  As  soon  as  the  alphabet 
is  mastered,  the  student  can  commence  at  the  first 
chapter  of  Genesis,  and  read  on,  slowly  of  course  at 
first,  but  in  a  few  days  with  surprising  facility.  Mr. 
Evans's  hope,  when  he  commenced  this  great  work, 
was  the  invention  of  some  plan  by  which  the  wan- 
dering Indians,  who  would  never  remain  in  one  place 
long  enough  to  acquire  the  art  of  reading  in  the 
ordinary  way,  but  were  ever  on  the  move  after  the 
game  on  which  they  lived,  might  acquire  the  ability 
to  read  God's  Word  in  their  own  language.  In  this 
his  most  sanguine  expectations  were  more  than  real- 
ized. .  .  .  The  use  of  these  characters  has  extended 
much  beyond  the  people  for  whom  they  were  in- 
tended, books  having  been  printed  in  them  in  the 
Eskimauan  language,  in  a  number  of  dialects  of  the 


1  Canadian  Methodist  Magazine  {or 'i^ovemhn,  1882. 


3i8 


Early  Bibles. 


Athapascan,  and,  in  addition  to  the  Cree,  in  the 
Chippewa,  Santeux,  Moose,  and  Moosonee  divisions 
of  the  Algonquian." 

The  Rev.  Frederick  A.  O'Meara,  D.D.,  was  for 
many  years  a  devoted  missionary  among  the  Indians 
on  Great  Manitoulin  Island  in  Lake  Huron.  He  was 
the  author  of  numerous  translations  into  Chippewa. 
The  first  of  these  with  a  Canadian  imprint  was  the 
Four  Gospels,  at  Toronto,  in  1850,  by  A.  F.  Plees, 
7  King  Street.  The  book  is  an  octavo  of  338  pages. 
Dr.  O'Meara's  work  continued,  and  in  1854  the  entire 
New  Testament  in  Chippewa  came  from  the  press  of 
Henry  Rowsell,  Toronto,  in  a  small  octavo  volume  of 
766  pages.  Another  edition  bears  the  date  of  1874 
and  the  imprint  of  Bell  &  Co.,  13  Adelaide  Street, 
East.  Attention  was  then  given  to  the  books  of  the 
Old  Testament.  In  1856  the  Chippewas  received 
the  Psalms  in  their  native  tongue  from  the  printing- 
house  of  Henry  Rowsell,  Toronto.  Dr.  O'Meara,  with 
the  aid  of  Rev.  Peter  Jacobs,  next  translated  the  Five 
Books  of  Moses,  which  Lovell  &  Gibson,  Toronto, 
printed  in  small  octavo  in  1861.  Any  further  trans- 
lations on  the  part  of  Dr.  O'Meara  were  interrupted 
by  death  a  few  years  later. 

The  Rev.  Silas  T.  Rand  consecrated  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  to  elevating  the  moral  and  spiritual 
condition  of  the  Micmac  Indians  of  Prince  Edward's 


The  BibU  in  Canada. 


319 


Island.  He  wrote  a  dictionary  of  their  language,  in 
which  he  says :  "  I  have  in  the  course  of  about  thirty- 
five  years  collected  and  arranged  alphabetically  about 
thirty  thousand  words."  He  was  well  equipped  for 
the  numerous  translations  he  made.  Some  of  these 
were  printed  in  England,  and  others  in  Nova  Scotia. 
The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  appeared  in  1853.  While 
the  title-page  reads,  "  Printed  for  the  use  of  the 
Micmac  Mission  by  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society,"  it  also  contains  the  words,  "  Charlottetown, 
Printed  by  G.  T.  Haszard."  Another  edition  fol- 
lowed in  1 87 1,  with  a  Halifax  imprint.  The  Gospel 
of  St.  John  was  printed  in  1854,  and  again  in  1872, 
the  former  by  W.  Cunnabell,  Halifax,  N.  S.,  and  the 
latter  by  the  "  Nova  Scotia  Printing  Company,  Cor- 
ner Sackville  and  Granville  Sts.,  Halifax."  The  last- 
named  company  printed  the  Book  of  Exodus  in  1870, 
and  the  Gospels  of  St.  Luke  and  St.  Mark  and  the 
Epistle  to  the  Romans  in  1874,  in  separate  editions. 
From  the  same  press  came  a  book  in  1875,  containing 
the  Gospels  of  St.  Matthew,  St.  Mark,  and  St.  Luke, 
with  the  Epistles  and  the  Book  of  Revelation,  in  the 
Micmac  language.  Mr.  Rand  also  translated  numer- 
ous hymns  and  tracts  into  the  same  tongue.  He 
died  in  1 889,  after  forty-three  years'  missionary  work 
among  the  Indians. 

Pierre  Paul  Osunkhirhine,  an  Indian  convert,  trans- 


330 


Early  Bibles. 


lated  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mark  into  the  Abnaki  lan- 
guage. It  was  published  in  Montreal,  and  is  with- 
out title-page.  The  date  is  supposed  to  have  been 
1844. 

A  few  books  in  the  Mohawk  language  have  been 
printed  in  Canada.  There  is,  however,  but  little  in 
the  shape  of  the  Bible.  A  portion  of  the  Church  of 
England  Prayer-book,  with  "  some  sentences  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  necessary  for  knowledge  and  prac- 
tice," is  worthy  of  note,  as  it  is  highly  prized  by 
collectors.  It  is  a  12 mo  book  of  208  pages,  and 
was  printed  at  Quebec  by  William  Brown  in  1 780. 
Brown  was  the  first  printer  of  Canada,  and  introduced 
his  business  into  that  country  in  1 763.  Another  edi- 
tion of  the  Prayer-book  was  printed  at  Hamilton,  in 
1842,  the  translation  being  made  into  Mohawk  by 
the  Rev.  Abraham  Nelles  and  John  Hill.  An  issue 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Prayer-book  was  printed  in 
Mohawk  by  Lane  &  Bowman  of  Montreal  in  18 16. 
It  is  said  only  two  copies  of  this  book  are  in  this 
country. 

The  Indian  chief  Joseph  Onasakenrat  translated 
"  The  Holy  Gospels  "  into  the  Mohawk  language,  the 
book,  a  i6mo,  being  printed  by  John  Lovell  &  Son 
of  Montreal  in  1880. 

An  extensive  missionary  work  is  in  progress  among 


The  Bible  in  Canada. 


331 


the  Indians  who  speak  the  Athapascan  languages  in 
British  CoUimbia  and  Alaska.  The  New  Testament 
and  other  portions  of  Scripture  have,  as  a  rule,  been 
printed  in  London.  A  few  books  have  been  issued 
in  Canada,  but  they  are  of  very  recent  date. 


VARIOUS  EDITIONS. 


The  first  proposal  to  print  the  Bible  in  English  in 
America  was  made  in  1688  by  William  Bradford  of 
Philadelphia.  The  publication  that  announced  this 
intention  was  worded  as  follows : 

These  are  to  give  Notice,  that  it  is  proposed  for  i.  large  house-Bible 
to  be  Printed  by  way  of  Subscriptions,  [a  method  usual  in  England 
for  the  Printing  of  large  Volumns,  because  Printing  is  very  charge- 
able] therefore  to  all  that  are  willing  to  forward  so  good  (and  great) 
a  Work,  as  the  Printing  of  the  holy  Bible,  are  offered  these  Proposals, 
viz. :  I.  That  It  shall  be  printed  in  a  fair  Character,  on  good  Paper, 
and  well  bound.  2.  That  it  shall  contain  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment, with  the  Apocraphy,  and  all  to  have  useful  Marginal  Notes. 
3.  That  it  shall  be  allowed  {to  them  that  subscribe)  for  Twenty  Shil- 
lings /<?r  Bi6/e :  [A  Price  which  one  of  the  same  volumn  in  England 
would  cost].  4.  That  the  pay  shall  be  half  Silver  Money,  and  half 
Country  Produce  at  Money  price.  One  half  down  now,  and  the  other 
half  on  the  delivery  of  the  Bibles.  .  .  .  Also,  this  may  further  give 
notice  that  Samuell  Richardson  and  Samuell  Carpenter  of  Philadel- 
phia, are  appointed  to  take  care  and  be  assistant  in  the  laying  out  of 
the  Subscription  Money,  and  to  see  that  it  be  imploy'd  to  the  use  in- 
tended, and  consequently  that  the  whole  Work  be  expedited.  Which 
is  promised  by 

William  Bradford. 

Philadelphia,  the  14th  of 
the  ist  Month,  1688. 

322 


'T^^lf- 


rf^S-'J 


^^ 


m  BIBLE, 


OMtAlMNU 


f  lC$r  I9lti  mDf  ftetD  CeOammts: 


IMitWH  »1TH  tlK. 


APOCRYPHA; 


minMAnp 'H  r    -f  iHfc 


ORIGINAL  TONGUES; 


Ann  WflU  TM 


FORMER  TRANSLATIONS. 


SiiligctitlF  Compare  «M  IMtifiA. 


.# 


"       ILDCCXCV^IV 


■..^;a£^£i2S 


Fac-simile  of  the  title  page  of  the  first  hot  press  Bible  printed  in  America. 

Reduced  size. 


A 


Various  Editions. 


323 


A  reproduction  in  facsimile  of  this  paper  may  be 
seen  in  the  library  of  the  American  Bible  Society. 

Although  this  early  effort  began  and  ended  with 
the  Bradford  proposal,  Philadelphia  has  been  for  many 
years  a  center  of  activity  and  enterprise  in  the  pub- 
lication of  many  important  editions  of  the  Bible. 

After  great  persistence,  Robert  Aitken  succeeded 
in  publishing  his  Bible  of  1 782,  the  first  bearing  an 
American  imprint.  After  his  death,  in  1802,  his 
business  was  continued  by  his  daughter,  Jane  Ait- 
ken, who  seems  to  have  inherited  the  energy  of  her 
father.  She  sustained  the  printing  art  through  a 
number  of  years,  and  with  acknowledged  success. 
Thomas  says,  "  She  obtained  much  reputation  by 
the  productions  which  issued  from  her  press." 

A  name  well  known  in  the  same  locality  was  that 
of  William  Young.  He  was  a  native  of  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  and  came  to  America  in  1 784.  He  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  and  started  the  printing  trade  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  Second  and  Chestnut  Streets. 
In  1 795,  to  avoid  the  yellow  fever,  he  purchased  a 
property  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city  and  built  a 
printing  office  there,  naming  the  place  Whitehall. 
Mr.  Young's  first  edition  of  the  Bible  was  printed  in 
1 790,  and  is  a  1 2mo  in  size.  It  was  advertised  as 
a  school  edition,  and  the  price  was  named  as  "  five 
eighths  of  a  dollar."     It  has  these  words  on  the 


324 


Early  Bibles. 


\\ 


title-page :  "  Printed  by  W.  Young,  Bookseller  and 
Stationer,  the  corner  of  Second  and  Chestnut  Streets. 
M.DCC.XC."  He  published  another  edition  of  the 
Bible  in  1791,  in  two  volumes,  i8mo.  The  Scotch 
version  of  the  Psalms  in  meter  was  added.  A  third 
edition  followed  in  1792,  and  the  last  in  1802.  The 
latter  is  an  octavo.  Copies  of  the  New  Testament 
appeared  from  his  press  in  1792  and  1808.  In  1802 
Mr.  Young  sold  out  his  business  on  Chestnut  Street 
to  W.  W.  Woodward,  though  he  continued  print- 
ing to  some  extent,  from  his  establishment  on  Bank 
Street.  Mr.  Woodward  printed  Solomon's  Song  in 
1803,  and  i2mo  editions  of  the  Bible  in  1806  and 
18 10.  From  181 1  to  18 13  he  was  employed  in  print- 
ing an  edition  of  the  Bible  with  Scott's  notes,  in  five 
quarto  volumes.  There  were  several  reissues  of  this 
Bible  in  after  years,  but  the  venture  was  not  a  finan- 
cial success.  The  last  Bible  with  the  Woodward  im- 
print bears  the  date  of  1 8 1 9. 

Hall  &  Sellers  published  in  1 780  an  edition  of  the 
New  Testament.  This  is  a  very  rare  book,  and  only 
three  or  four  copies  are  known  to  be  extant.  This 
firm  were  also  the  printers  in  1 786  of  the  "  Proposed 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,"  Bishop  Perry  says :  "  Few 
persons  have  seen  this  remarkable  liturgical  produc- 
tion; and  without  any  discussions  of  the  principles 
involved  in  its  publication,  the  bibliographical  fact 


Various  Editions. 


325 


may  be  stated  that  a  rarer  book  connected  with 
American  church  history  can  hardly  be  named.  "^ 

Solomon  Wiatt,  368  North  Second  Street,  published 
in  1809  a  i2mo  New  Testament,  which  was  paid  for 
by  the  gift  of  $1000  left  by  Mr.  John  Hancock  of 
Burlington,  N.  J.  The  book  was  designed  for  free 
distribution  among  the  poor. 

Among  other  early  pubHshing  firms  in  Philadelphia 
mention  must  be  made  of  Berriman  &  Co.  This 
house  issued  a  folio  Bible  in  1 796.  It  is  valued  by 
collectors,  as  its  eighteen  illustrations  give  excellent 
examples  of  the  work  done  by  several  American  en- 
gravers of  that  time.  The  same  publishers  imprinted 
another  folio  edition  of  the  Bible,  but  the  title-page 
is  without  date.  It  diflfers  from  the  first  in  typog- 
raphy, and  is  not  illustrated. 

The  name  of  Thomas  Dobson  is  found  on  several 
early  publications  of  Philadelphia.  The  Four  Gospels 
came  from  his  press  in  1 796.  The  book  is  a  quarto, 
edited  by  the  Rev.  George  Campbell,  D.D.  Mr.  Dob- 
son  issued  a  i2mo  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in 
1 80 1.  His  name  also  appears  on  the  title-page  of 
the  first  Hebrew  Bible  published  in  this  country,  in 
1 8 14.     This  book  has  been  already  described. 

A  1 2 mo  edition  of  the  New  Testament  appeared 


1  "  Journal  of  General  Convention,"  by  Rt.  Rev.  William  Stevens 
Perry,  D.D.,  vol  iii.,  p.  125. 


326 


Early  Bibles. 


in  1799  with  the  imprint  of  "Charles  Cist,  No.  104, 
North  Second  Street,  near  Race  Street."  In  the  same 
year  he  printed  a  history  of  the  passion,  resurrec- 
tion, and  ascension  of  Christ  in  the  language  of  the 
Arawak  Indians  of  Guiana,  after  a  translation  made 
by  the  Rev.  Johannes  J.  G.  Fischer. 

Campbell's  Four  Gospels  were  printed  by  A.  Bar- 
tram  in  1 799,  but  nothing  is  known  of  the  printer. 

In  1802  Benjamin  Johnson,  31  High  Street,  pub- 
lished an  octavo  New  Testament.  He  followed  it 
in  1804  with  an  edition  of  the  Bible  in  four  octavo 
volumes.  He  also  published  the  New  Testament  in 
1 2mo  in  1809  and  181 3. 

Samuel  F.  Bradford  printed  two  editions  of  the 
Greek  Testament  in  i2mo  in  1806,  and  he  was  also 
the  printer  of  the  Collateral  Bible  in  1826. 

Kimber,  Conrad  &  Co.,  93  Market  Street,  published 
an  octavo  Bible  in  1807  and  a  quarto  in  1809.  Later 
the  firm  was  changed  to  Kimber  &  Sharpless.  They 
printed  a  quarto  Bible  in  1823,  which  is  well  exe- 
cuted. It  contains  thirty  engravings.  This  publica- 
tion was  continued  until  1844,  when  the  plates  were 
sold  to  Jesper  Harding.  Kimber  &  Sharpless  also 
published  a  quarto  New  Testament  in  1842.  They 
were  the  publishers  of  a  German  Bible  in  quarto  in 
1827,  and  a  German  Testament  i.i  1839.  It  is  also 
worthy  of  note  that  this  firm  issued  the  first  edition 


Various  Editions. 


327 


of  Cruden's  Concordance  in  this  country.  It  is  a 
quarto  volume,  dated  1806. 

The  name  of  "  Benjamin  C.  Buzby,  No.  2  North 
Third  Street,"  appears  on  the  title-page  of  a  i2mo 
New  Testament  of  181 1,  and  that  of  Jonathan 
Pounder  of  a  24mo  Testament  of  181 3. 

The  imprint  of  "Towar  &  Hogan,  255  Market 
Street,"  is  a  familiar  one.  Their  earliest  publication 
of  Scripture  was  an  octavo  New  Testament  in  1828. 
They  published  Henry's  Commentary  in  three  vol- 
umes of  octavo  size  in  1829.  In  the  same  year  was 
issued  a  3  2  mo  Bible.  An  octavo  Bible  came  from 
their  press  in  1830  and  a  32mo  in  1832. 

Eugene  Cummiskey,  in  the  same  city,  was  a  dili- 
gent publisher  of  editions  of  the  Bible  translated  from 
the  Latin  Vulgate.  His  first  publication  was  a  Bible 
in  folio  in  1825.  It  was  well  printed  and  illustrated, 
and  commanded  a  high  price.  In  the  same  year  he 
published  a  Bible  in  quarto.  He  was  in  business  for 
over  thirty  years,  and  many  editions  of  Bibles  and 
Testaments  issued  from  his  busy  presses.  His  vari- 
ous publications  of  the  Scripture  have  been  described 
in  the  chapter  on  editions  of  the  Douay  Bible. 

The  name  of  Jesper  Harding  occurs  many  times 
on  editions  of  Philadelphia  Bibles.  The  plates  of  the 
quarto  bought  from  Kimber  &  Sharpless  in  1844 
went  through  numerous  years  of   service.     Other 


328 


Early  Bibles. 


i 


editions  of  the  Scriptures  in  i2mo  and  32010  and 
separate  issues  of  the  New  Testament  were  mul- 
tiplied. 

William  Bradford,  whose  proposal  to  print  a  Bible 
in  Philadelphia  in  1688  had  failed,  removed  to  New 
York  in  1693.  There  his  wishes  were  realized  in  a 
small  way,  as  the  first  portion  of  Scripture  printed  in 
that  city  came  from  his  press.  This  consisted  of  the 
first  three  chapters  of  Genesis,  the  second  and  fifth 
chapters  and  part  of  the  first  chapter  of  St.  Matthew, 
with  a  selection  of  verses  from  the  New  Testament 
attached  to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  printed  in 
a  small  quarto  volume  in  the  Mohawk  language  and 
bearing  the  date  of  1715.  The  first  publication  of 
the  Scriptures  in  English  in  New  York  City,  as  we 
have  seen  in  a  previous  chapter,  was  the  i2mo  New 
Testament  of  Hugh  Gaine  in  1 790.  The  entire  Bible 
in  folio  followed  in  1 792  from  the  press  of  Hodge  & 
Campbell. 

An  octavo  volume  containing  the  Book  of  Daniel 
and  the  Revelation  of  St.  John,  accompanied  with 
remarks,  appeared  in  the  same  city,  with  this  im- 
print :  "  New  York,  printed  at  Greenleaf 's  Press, 
April  19,  A.D.  1794." 

In  1796  Burkitt's  Notes  on  the  New  Testament 
were  printed  in  folio  by  T.  Dunning  &  W.  W.  Hyer, 
21  Gold  Street. 


Various  Editions. 


329 


William  Durell  was  one  of  the  early  printers  and 
booksellers  of  New  York,  his  place  of  business  being 
at  106  Maiden  Lane.  He  published  a  folio  edition 
of  the  Bible  in  1801.  The  Old  Testament  and  Apoc- 
rypha were  issued  in  fourteen  parts.  The  book  has 
fifteen  engravings,  but  the  plates  were  copied  from 
Heptinstall's  Bible  of  1794-95.  The  preface  was 
taken  from  the  Collins  Bible.  The  New  Testament 
was  also  published  separately  in  1801. 

Sage  &  Clough  printed  a  quarto  Bible  in  1803,  and 
the  second  American  edition  of  Brown's  Self-Inter- 
preting Bible  in  1806. 

Another  name  connected  with  the  publication  of 
Bibles  is  that  of  Evert  Duyckinck,  whose  place  of 
business  was  at  1 10  Pearl  Street.  He  published  a 
i2mo  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  1805,  which 
was  reissued  through  several  years.  An  octavo  im- 
pression of  the  Bible  came  from  his  press  in  18 12. 
It  has  four  woodcuts  and  a  frontispiece  to  each  of 
the  Testaments.  He  issued  a  quarto  Bible  in  181 3. 
It  has  eleven  engravings,  but  they  are  copied  from 
Heptinstall's  edition. 

Williams  &  Whiting,  1 1 8  Pearl  Street,  who  styled 
themselves  "  theological  and  classical  booksellers," 
published  in  18 10  the  Bible  in  six  octavo  volumes 
with  Scott's  Commentary.  They  also  issued  a  i2mo 
New  Testament  the  same  year. 


330 


Early  Bibles. 


Ezra  Sargeant,  86  Broadway,  imprinted  the  Bible 
in  six  quarto  volumes,  with  the  Annotations  of  Dr. 
Adam  Clarke,  in  1 8 1 1 .  This  seems  to  have  been 
the  only  Bible  bearing  this  publisher's  name. 

Whiting  &  Watscn,  96  Broadway,  published  various 
editions  of  Scripture.  In  1812  they  issued  the  New 
Testament  in  three  forms,  8vo,  i2mo,  and  32mo.  In 
181 3  a  quarto  Bible  bore  their  imprint,  and  in  the 
same  year  they  reissued  the  Scott  Bible  which  Will- 
iams &  Whiting  had  published  in  18 10. 

Dodge  &  Sayre  issued  a  quarto  edition  of  the 
Bible  with  Scott's  Commentary  in  18 14. 

D.  &  G.  Bruce,  2^  William  Street,  who  printed  in 
181 5  the  first  Bible  from  stereotyped  plates  made  in 
this  country,  also  stereotyped  i2mo  editions  of  the 
New  Testament  in  18 19  and  1821.  A  i2mo  Bible 
of  1 8 1 7  likewise  has  their  imprint.  They  stereotyped 
various  editions  of  the  Scriptures  for  the  American 
Bible  Society.  E.  &  J.  White,  A.  Chandler  &  Co., 
and  James  Conner,  were  also  early  stereotypers  of 
the  Bible  in  New  York  City. 

T.  &  J.  Swords,  160  Pearl  Street,  issued  a  quarto 
impression  of  the  Bible  in  two  volumes  with  D'Oyley 
and  Mant's  Notes  in  1818.  They  issued  another 
quarto  Bible  in  1823. 

James  A.  Burtis,  19  Peck  Slip,  corner  of  Water 
Street,  published  a  12 mo  Testament  in  1821. 


Various  I^ditious. 


33' 


Daniel  D.  Smith,  who  designated  his  place  as  the 
*'  Franklin  Juvenile  Book  and  Stationery  Store,  190 
Greenwich  Street,"  published  several  editions  of 
Scripture  that  had  considerable  circulation.  His  first 
was  a  quarto,  issued  in  1822,  and  advertised  as 
'*  Smith's  Stereotyped  Edition."  He  published  a 
24mo  Bible  in  1824,  and  another  in  1828.  The  lat- 
ter had  a  few  illustrations.  An  octavo  bearing  his 
imprint  appeared  in  1825.  The  frontispiece  to  the 
Old  Testament  represents  "Jacob  and  Esau,"  and 
that  of  the  New  Testament  "  Christ  and  Nicodemus." 
There  are  four  other  engravings.  The  book  has 
Canne's  marginal  notes.  In  the  same  year  a  quarto 
New  Testament  came  from  this  house. 

Elam  Bliss  in  1827  published  a  i2mo  New  Testa- 
ment, with  two  engravings  by  Maverick.  A  quarto 
Bible  with  his  imprint  followed  in  1828. 

A  i2mo  New  Testament  came  from  the  press  of 
Johnstone  &  Van  Norden  in  1823,  and  another  of 
the  same  size  was  published  by  James  Cunningham, 
95  Maiden  Lane,  in  1824.  Samuel  Marks  also  issued 
a  New  Testament  with  engraved  frontispiece  in  1826, 
and  J.  P.  Havens  published  Scott's  Bible  in  five  quarto 
volumes  in  1827. 

Henry  C.  Sleight,  142  Nassau  Street,  was  a  Bible 
publisher.  His  first  imprint  is  a  quarto  of  1828. 
His  i2mo  Bible  is  dated  1829,  and  he  reissued  the 
Village  Testament  in  1834. 


332 


Early  Bibles. 


McElrath  &  Bangs  were  extensive  printers  of  the 
Bible,  either  in  part  or  whole,  in  Indian  languages. 
They  did  the  work  for  the  New  York  District  Bible 
Society. 

Conner  &  Cooke,  Franklin  Buildings,  were  the  pub- 
lishers of  the  Cottage  Bible,  which  had  an  extensive 
sale  through  many  years.  The  first  edition,  in  two 
octavo  volumes,  is  dated  1833.  The  same  year  they 
imprinted  a  i2mo  Bible,  which  contains  eight  en- 
gravings, 

Jonathan  Leavitt,  1 82  Broadway,  was  the  publisher 
in  1834  of  the  Rheims  New  Testament  already  noted. 

Editions  of  the  New  Testament  in  i2mo  were  pub- 
lished in  1 83 1  and  1833,  the  former  by  R.  Schoyer 
and  the  latter  by  Daniel  Cooledge,  322  Pearl  Street. 

Charles  Starr  in  1835  published  a  quarto  known 
as  the  "  Student's  Bible."  It  has  wide  margins  to 
be  used  for  notes.  It  .contains  "  the  various  read- 
ings of  Knapp,  together  with  the  commonly  received 
English  translation." 

Robinson,  Pratt  &  Co.  issued  an  octavo  Bible  in 
1835,  and  J.  P.  Peaslee  a  i2mo  in  the  same  year. 

J.  C.  Riker,  whose  place  of  business  for  a  time 
was  in  the  Franklin  Building,  issued  in  1831  a  32mo 
Polyglot  Testament.  It  has  marginal  readings  and 
numerous  engravings.  It  reappeared  in  1833  from 
1 5  Ann  Street.  This  is  the  Bible  which  has  "  the 
sterling  currency  reduced  to  dollars  and  cents." 


1 


Various  /u/i/ions. 


333 


The  same  publisher  imprinted  a  quarto  Bible  at 
129  Fulton  Street  in  1845.  The  volume  states  that 
it  is  "designed  for  the  use  of  students." 

T.  Mason  &  G.  Lane,  200  Mulberry  Street,  pub- 
lished a  Bible  in  quarto  in  1837.  The  engraved  fron- 
tispiece to  the  Old  Testament  represents  the  meeting 
of  Jacob  and  Rachel,  and  that  of  the  New  Testament 
is  a  picture  of  the  Ascension.  "  Explanatory  Notes 
upon  the  New  Testament,"  by  John  Wesley,  an  octavo 
volume  of  734  pages,  was  issued  by  the  firm  in  the 
same  year.  A  i2mo  Bible  of  1838  also  bears  their 
imprint. 

A  quarto  Bible  with  Canne's  margitMJ  notes  and 
references  appeared  in  1833,  ^^^  was  r<  issued  in  1837 
by  Nafis  &  Cornish.  It  has  ten  engravings,  nine  of 
which  were  engraved  on  wood  by  Anderson. 

Robinson  &  Franklin,  successors  to  Leavitt,  Lord 
&  Co.,  180  Broadway,  published  in  1838  and  1839  a 
32mo  Bible.  It  has  four  engravings  by  Illman  and 
Pilbrow.     They  also  issued  a  i2mo  Bible  in  1839. 

S.  Colman,  141  Nassau  Street,  printed  a  i2mo  New 
Testament  in  1839,  and  G.  Wells  a  32mo  Polyglot 
Reference  Testament  in  1840. 

No  one  name  appears  more  frequently  on  the 
title-pages  of  Bibles  printed  in  New  York  than  that 
of  Daniel  Fanshaw,  who  was  a  conspicuous  figure 
in  the  printing  business  for  many  years.     While  his 


334 


Early  Bibles. 


energy  was  recognized,  he  was  regarded  as  erratic  in 
his  ways.  "  He  served  his  time,"  says  a  writer  in 
the  "  American  Dictionary  of  Printing  and  Bookmak- 
ing,"  ^  "  with  D.  &  G.  Bruce,  and  soon  after  bought, 
at  their  solicitation,  a  part  of  their  printing-office,  as 
they  were  thenceforth  to  confine  their  attention  en- 
tirely to  stereotyping  and  type-founding.  The  other 
part  was  sold  to  Mahlon  Day,  the  Quaker  printer. 
After  a  year's  trial  Mr.  Fanshaw  wished  to  have 
the  Bruces  take  their  office  back,  but  they  refused, 
and  he  shortly  afterward  obtained  the  printing  of 
the  American  Bible  Society  on  a  ten  years'  contract. 
This  proved  very  profitable,  and  was  twice  renewed, 
although  not  for  the  same  length  of  time.  In  1825 
he  began  printing  for  the  American  Tract  Society. 
In  1826  he  put  in  the  first  power-presses  ever  used 
in  a  book  office  in  New  York,  and  shortly  after 
mortgaged  his  entire  establishment  that  he  might 
have  nine  more.  These  were  the  Treadwell,  a  press 
which  preceded  the  Adams  and  was  similar  to  it. 
He  lost  his  contract  with  the  Bible  Society  in  1844, 
having  been  bickering  with  it  for  several  years,  as 
he  refused  to  put  in  any  larger  presses  than  medium 
and  a  half,  and  still  insisted  upon  his  rights  to  the 
two  outside  quires  of  paper  in  each  ream,  which  had 
once  been  considered  as  a  perquisite  of  the  trade. 


1  "  American  Dictionary  of  Printing  and  Bookmaking,"  p.  184. 


Various  Editions. 


335 


but  which  was  a  claim  which  had  been  given  up  by 
all  other  printers  when  the  Fourdrinier  machine  came 
in.  Shortly  after  the  Tract  Society  undertook  to  do 
its  own  printing,  and  Mr.  Fanshaw's  business  sunk  to 
very  small  proportions.  He  had  made  much  money, 
however,  and  invested  it  in  lands  uptown.  At  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  was  on  February  20,  i860, 
he  was  reputed  to  be  worth  a  million.  The  Civil 
War  came  on,  however,  just  after,  and  real  property 
depreciated  very  much.  His  heirs  were  glad  to  get 
a  fraction  of  this  sum.  He  was  very  eccentric  in 
his  ways.  He  never  wore  an  overcoat,  and  in  his 
will  directed  that  his  son  should  be  disinherited  if 
he  should  use  tobacco.  It  was  his  habit,  also,  to 
subscribe  and  pay  in  advance  for  every  respectable 
publication  which  appeared  in  his  native  city." 

"  For  many  years,"  says  the  "  American  Diction- 
ary of  Printing  and  Bookmaking,"^  "Boston  con- 
tinued the  chief  place  in  the  colonies  for  publishing. 
It  preceded  Philadelphia  in  the  use  of  types  by  nine 
years,  and  New  York  by  seventeen.  .  .  .  Until  the 
year  1 760  more  books  were  printed  in  Massachusetts 
annually  than  in  any  of  the  other  colonies,  and  before 
1 740  more  printing  was  done  there  than  in  all  the 
other  colonies.  After  1760  the  quantity  of  print- 
ing  done   in   Boston   and    Philadelphia  was  nearly 

1  "  American  Dictionary  of  Printing  and  Bookmaking,"  p.  64. 


l;l 


I:    III 


336 


Early  Bibles. 


equal  till  the  commencement  of  the  Revolutionary 
War." 

One  of  the  earliest  publications  of  portions  of  Scrip- 
ture in  the  English  language  that  appeared  in  Boston 
was  "  The  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,"  by  John  Eliot, 
in  the  year  1678.  It  has  the  imprint  of  John  Foster. 
The  book  is  a  small  quarto  of  131  pages.  A  copy 
can  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society. 

The  first  twenty-eight  verses  of  the  Gospel  of  St. 
John  in  Indian  and  English  were  printed  by  B.  Green 
in  1707,  and  the  same  Gospel  throughout  followed 
in  1 709,  with  the  imprint  of  B.  Green  &  J.  Printer. 

Portions  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  are  found 
in  the  "  Psalterium  Americanum ' '  printed  by  S.  Knee- 
land  in  1 718  ill  a  i6mo  book. 

The  Song  of  Songs  appeared  in  1 742  as  "  Printed 
by  Tho.  Fleet,  for  D.  Henchman  in  Cornhill."  The 
volume  is  entitled  "  Spiritual  Songs,"  and  is  a  24mo. 
Another  edition  has  the  date  of  1 743. 

The  Rev.  John  Barnard  of  Marblehead  paraphrased 
in  verse,  selections  of  the  poetical  parts  of  the  Bible 
in  1752.  The  book  was  printed  by  J.  Draper,  for 
T.  Leverett  in  Cornhill.  Also  portions  of  Scripture 
are  included  in  "  The  New  England  Psalter  "  of  1 764, 
printed  by  D.  &  J.  Kneeland,  and  in  1 768  by  Edes 
&  Gill.     Other  editions  followed. 


u 


v^ 


I 


VERBUM 

hEMPItERNUM 


IThe  Third  Ediibu:! 
u^h  Amen<:imenti. 


'  BOSTON  :Pnntt\ 
(ttr^  and  Sol.l  k^/j^ 
"H  Procter, rearij 
.Scar«t'«-'JVha»(f«   C 


Fac-slmile  of  title-page  of  the  Thumb  Bible  published  by  X.  Procter,  at  Rostoii.  in  I'Oo. 

lixiiet  size. 


Various  Editions. 


337 


The  reprint  of  the  London  edition  of  the  Thumb 
Bible,  by  "  N.  Proctor,  near  Scarlet's  Wharffe,"  is 
dated  on  the  New  Testament  title-page  1765. 

Robert  Hodge  printed  for  Nathaniel  Coverly,  in 
Newbury  Street,  in  1782  an  abridged  edition  of  the 
Bible  for  children.  It  is  a  small  1 8mo,  with  a  num- 
ber of  rude  woodcuts  distrib'  ted  through  the  text. 
A  i2mo  Hieroglyphical  Bible,  also  for  children,  was 
printed  for  W.  Norman.  The  title-page  is  without 
date,  but  the  recommendation  is  dated  1 794. 

Alexander  Young  and  Thomas  Minns  printed  a 
i2nio  New  Testament  in  1794.  The  vignette  on 
the  title-page  is  the  American  eagle.  The  book  is 
without  pagination. 

The  Book  of  Revelation  was  printed  in  1 794  by 
Belknap  &  Hall.  The  translation  was  made  by  Judge 
Winthrcp.  The  book  according  to  the  title-page  is 
"  An  Attempt  to  translate  the  prophetic  part  of  the 
Apocalypse  of  St.  John  into  familiar  language,  by 
divesting  it  of  the  Metaphors  in  which  it  is  involved." 
The  volume  is  an  octavo.  '  • 

"  A  Paraphrase  on  Some  Parts  of  the  Book  of  Job  " 
was  printed  by  Samuel  Hall,  53  Cornhill,  in  1795. 
The  author  was  Richard  Devens,  who  was  for  a  time 
the  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  College  of  New 
Jersey.  His  reason  was  dethroned,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-four. 


338 


Early  Bibles. 


Portions  of  the  New  Testament  were  printed  in 
1797  by  Isaiah  Thomas  in  a  book  entitled  "A  Cath- 
olic Liturgy."  This  is  one  of  the  earliest  of  this 
printer's  Boston  publications.  His  i2mo  Bible  was 
printed  in  the  same  city  in  1801,  the  plates  having 
been  removed  from  Worcester.  There  were  other 
editions  in  later  years. 

Greenough  &  Stebbins,  who  were  located  in  the 
Suffolk  Building,  on  Congress  Street,  printed  an 
octavo  Bible  in  1809.  It  contains  the  Witherspoon 
preface,  and  is  a  book  of  959  pages.  Also  in  1809 
the  same  firm  issued  a  i2mo  Bible. 

Thomas  B.  Wait  &  Co.,  of  Court  Street,  issued 
"Sacred  Extracts"  from  the  Scriptures  in  a  i2mo 
volume  in  1809.  They  also  printed  with  the  same 
date  "  The  New  Testament  in  an  Improved  Version 
upon  the  basis  of  Archbishop  Newcome's  New  Trans- 
lation, with  A  Corrected  Text,  and  Notes  critical  and 
explanatory."  The  volume  is  an  octavo  of  612  pages 
of  text.  Home  says:^  "This  version  is  avowedly 
made  to  support  the  modern  Socinian  scheme ;  for 
though  the  late  learned  Archbishop  Newcome's  name 
is  specified  in  the  title-page,  as  a  kind  of  model,  his 
authority  is  disregarded  whenever  it  militates  against 
the  creed  of  the  anonymous  editors."  Home  also 
gives  the  names  of  three  learned  writers  who  have 

1  "  Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography,"  p.  304. 


Various  Editions. 


339 


\ 


exposed  "  the  errors  and  perversions  of  this  transla- 
tion." Wait  &  Co.  also  published  Dr.  Macknight's 
translation  of  the  Apostolical  Epistles  in  six  octavo 
volumes  in  1810,  and  Campbell's  Four  Gospels  in 
181 1  in  four  books. 

The  New  Testament  in  French  in  two  octavo  vol- 
umes which  appeared  in  1810  was  imprinted  by  J.  T. 
Buckingham,  whose  place  of  business  was  on  Winter 
Street.  Bishop  Lowth's  translation  of  Isaiah,  "  with 
a  preliminary  Dissertation  and  Notes,"  was  published 
by  this  house  in  181 5. 

Lincoln  &  Edmands,  53  Cornhill,  who  called  their 
business-place  "  The  Bible  Warehouse,"  issued  an 
octavo  New  Testament  in  181 3,  and  a  i2mo  in  18 16. 
They  also  published  the  Pronouncing  Testament  in 
1822.  The  Pronouncing  Bible  came  from  their  press 
in  1825.  These  publications  had  a  large  sale  and 
went  through  several  editions. 

In  181 3  Bradford  &  Read  pub.i?'.v,d  a  i2mo  book 
with  the  title  "  Evangelical  History,"  which  contained 
the  Four  Gospels  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles. 

Cummings  &  Hilliard,  i  Cornhill,  published  a  i2mo 
New  Testament  in  1814,  "with  Notes  illustrating 
obscure  Passages  and  explaining  obsolete  Words  and 
Phrases,"  by  J.  A.  Cummings.  In  1823,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.,  they  pub- 
lished a  New  Testament  "  with  References  and  a  Key- 


340 


Early  Bibles. 


sheet  of  Questions  historical,  doctrinal,  and  practical," 
by  Hervey  Wilbur.  In  1 824  they  published  a  Revised 
Testament.  No  name  of  the  translator  appears,  un- 
less it  be  that  of  John  H.  Wilkins,  who  copyrighted 
the  book.  They  also  issued  the  Four  Gospels  in 
Greek  in  1825.  The  Reference  Bible  of  1826  bears 
their  imprint  as  well  as  that  of  the  American  Sunday- 
school  Union. 

Monroe,  Francis  &  Parker,  4  Cornhill,  issued  a  1 2mo 
Bible  in  181 5. 

Samuel  T.  Armstrong  was  the  publisher  of  an 
octavo  edition  of  the  New  Testament  with  Scott's 
Notes  in  181 5.  The  Old  Testament  part  was  added 
in  18 16,  making  six  volumes  in  all.  A  second  edi- 
tion was  issued  in  18 18,  and  another  in  1827. 

R.  P.  &  C.  Williams,  who  minutely  designate  their 
place  of  business  as  "  No.  2  Cornhill  Square,  oppo- 
site the  southwest  corner  of  the  Old  State  House," 
imprinted  a  i2mo  Bible  with  engraved  frontispiece 
in  1818.  The  New  Testament  was  also  published 
separately  the  same  year. 

John  H.  A.  Frost  was  the  printer  of  several  Bibles 
in  Boston.  The  first  of  which  we  have  any  mention 
was  a  i2mo  Bible  bearing  the  date  of  18 19.  The 
publishers  were  Richardson  &  Lord,  of  whose  office  he 
was  the  director.  He  also  printed  for  them  in  1820 
a  i2mo  Testament,  which  ran  through  many  editions. 


Various  Editians. 


341 


ibles 

ition 

The 

e  he 

820 

ions. 


It 


Mr.  Frost's  imprint  appears  on  the  Book  of  Job  trans- 
lated into  verse  by  Abraham  Rowley.  The  volume 
is  an  octavo,  and  the  date  1825.  He  also  printed 
in  1820  a  i2mo  Bible.  His  name  also  appears  on  a 
i2mo  French  Testament  of  1824.  An  i8mo  Testa- 
ment was  published  by  Richardson  &  Lord  in  1825. 
"  This  edition,"  says  Melvin  Lord,  "  was  designed 
for  the  use  of  schools.  It  was  edited  by  Rensselaer 
Bentley,  and  contained  a  vocabulary  of  all  the  words 
used  in  the  book,  alphabetically  arranged,  with  their 
division,  accentuation,  part  of  speech,  and  definition ; 
also  a  list  of  all  the  proper  names  embraced  in  it, 
accented  and  pronounced."  Mr.  Frost  printed  the 
Columbian  Family  and  Pulpit  Bible,  which  was  pub- 
lished in  folio  numbers  with  numerous  engravings  in 
1822.  His  place  of  business  is  named  as  "opposite 
U.  S.  Bank,  Congress  Street." 

In  1822  a  New  Testament  in  i2mo  was  printed 
by  Treadwell's  Power  Press. 

C.  Ewer  &  T.  Bedlington  issued  a  quarto  Bible 
in  1824,  which  closely  resembles  the  Collins  edition 
of  1 82 1.  A  second  edition  followed  in  1827,  and  a 
third  in  1828. 

S.  Walker  in  1826  published  a  quarto  Bible  in  1 16 
numbers.  It  has  nine  engravings.  The  Apocrypha 
appeared  separately.  S.  Walker  &  Co.  stereotyped 
the  i2mo  Wilbur  Reference  Testament  in  1826. 


342 


Early  Bibles. 


The  firm  of  Hilliard,  Gray,  Little  &  Wilkins  issued 
the  Bible  in  octavo  in  1826.  The  New  Testament, 
with  introduction  and  notes  by  J.  A.  Cummings,  came 
from  their  press  in  '.82  7.  The  edition  was  repeated 
in  1832. 

In  1828  an  octavo  volume  was  printed  with  the 
title  "  The  New  Testament  in  the  Common  Ver- 
sion, conformed  to  Griesbach's  Standard  Text."  It 
came  from  the  press  of  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser, 
and  the  printer  was  William  L.  Lewis.  The  book 
was  edited  by  John  Gorham  Palfrey,  who  became 
later  the  professor  of  Sacred  Literature  in  Harvard 
College. 

Charles  Ewer,  141  Washington  Street,  published 
an  i8mo  Bible  in  1829. 

In  1830  Gray  &  Bowen  imprinted  the  New  Testa- 
ment in  i2mo,  and  the  Bible  in  two  octavo  volumes 
in  1 83 1.  In  the  latter  year  George  Clark  published 
the  Bible  in  duodecimo,  the  only  edition  bearing  his 
imprint. 

In  1 83 1  Stimpson  &  Clapp  published  the  New 
Testament  in  octavo,  the  same  being  a  reissue  of  the 
Paragraph  Testament  of  1827,  with  a  new  title-page. 

In  1832  an  octavo  Bible  was  printed  by  Hale's 
Steam  Press.  The  name?  of  several  publishers  are 
given. 

In  1833,  Lilly,  Wait,  Colman  &  Holden  issued  the 


Various  Editions. 


343 


curious  translation  of  the  New  Testament  made  by- 
Rev.  Rodolphus  Dickinson,  previously  quoted.  Lilly, 
Wait  &  Co.  in  the  same  year  published  the  New 
Testament  in  i2mo. 

In  1834  the  Bible  in  duodecimo  appeared  without 
the  name  of  printer  or  publisher,  but  simply  the 
words,  "  Published  for  the  booksellers." 

Perkins,  Marvin  &  Co.,  and  later  Perkins  &  Mar- 
vin, were  extensive  publishers  of  the  Bible.  In  1834 
they  issued  the  Nourse  Paragraph  Bible  in  duodecimo. 
Editions  of  the  same  came  from  their  press  in  1835 
and  1836.  The  New  Testament  part  was  also  pub- 
lished separately  in  1834.  Bloomfield's  Greek  Testa- 
ment of  1837  and  1846  has  the  imprint  of  this  house. 
Townsend's  Paragraph  Testament,  edited  by  Rev.  Dr. 
T.  W.  Coit,  was  published  by  this  firm  in  1837,  and 
the  Old  Testament  part  in  1838  and  1839. 

William  Peirce  was  the  publisher  of  Dr.  Coit's 
Paragraph  Bible  in  1834,  and  also  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament part  in  the  same  year. 

Rufus  Davenport  was  the  publisher  of  "  The  Right- 
Aim  School  Bible,"  with  its  freedom  from  debt  rules, 
in  1834,  and  also  of  the  New  Testament  of  the  same 
date. 

Crocker  &  Brewster,  47  Washington  Street,  were 
industrious  publishers  of  the  Scriptures.  Their  names 
are  found  in  conjunction  with  that  of  Jonathan  Lea- 


344 


Eariy  Bibles. 


! 


vitt  of  New  York  on  the  title-pages  of  the  Rheitns 
Testament  of  1834,  a  publication  that  created  some- 
thing of  a  sensation.  In  1836  they  issued  the  Alger 
Pronouncing  Testament  in  duodecimo,  and  in  1842 
the  New  Testament,  with  brief  explanatory  notes  by 
Jacob  and  John  S.  C.  Abbott.  Crocker  &  Brewster 
are,  however,  chiefly  known  through  their  numerous 
scriptural  publications  in  the  languages  of  the  Indian 
tribes. 

Baltimore  has  published  numerous  editions  of  the 
Bible.  A  i6mo  book  of  the  Psalms  in  German 
appeared  in  1 796,  which  was  probably  the  first  por- 
tion of  Scripture  issued  in  this  city.  The  imprint  is 
that  of  Samuel  Saur. 

"  The  Old  and  New  Testaments  digested  and  illus- 
trated by  way  of  Question  and  Answer,"  in  an  octavo 
volume,  is  dated  Baltimore,  1808. 

John  Hagerty,  12  Light  Street,  published  and 
Brook  W.  Sower  printed  a  i2mo  New  Testament  in 
1 8 10.  The  same  publisher  issued  in  1812  a  i2mo 
Bible  which  is  designated  the  "  First  American  Dia- 
mond Edition." 

In  1829  an  octavo  volume  appeared  with  this 
title :  "  The  Monotessaron ;  or,  the  Gospel  History 
according  to  the  Four  Evangelists :  Harmonized  and 
Chronologically  arranged  in  a  New  Translation  From 
the  Greek  Text  of  Griesbach.     Illustrated  by  selec- 


Various  Editions. 


345 


tions  from  the  most  eminent  Commentators,  Ancient 
and  Modern,  and  by  a  great  variety  of  original  Notes 
and  Dissertations  exhibiting  the  latest  improvements 
in  Biblical  science  and  criticism,  hy  the  Rev.  John 
S.  Thompr  >n,  of  the  Universities  of  Glasgow  and 
Edinburgh,  Professor  of  Languages  and  Systematical 
Theology."  The  book  was  "  printed  for  the  Author," 
and  no  publisher's  name  is  given.  Rev.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son was  a  Universalist  minister  of  Charlestown, 
Mass. 

Fielding  Lucas,  Jr.,  138  Market  Street,  imprinted 
a  i2mo  New  Testament  translated  from  the  Latin 
VulgacC.  There  is  no  date  on  the  title-page,  but  the 
book  is  assigned  to  the  year  1831.  A  32mo  New 
Testament  was  also  published  by  him,  presumably 
in  the  same  year.  He  issued  quarto  and  duodecimo 
Bibles,  the  former  likely  in  1832  and  the  latter  in 
1837.     The  title-pages  bear  no  dates. 

Armstrong  &  Plaskitt,  134,  and  Plaskitt  &  Co.,  254, 
Market  Street,  published  a  Pocket  Reference  1  esta- 
ment  in  24mo  in  1831.  They  issued  the  Pocket  Ref- 
erence Bible  in  1832. 

John  D.  Fry  printed  and  Lewis  &  Coleman  pub- 
lished in  1838  a  quarto  Bible  in  two  volumes.  The 
book  was  issued  in  numbers,  and  contains  seventeen 
engravings.  It  has  an  ornamental  title-page,  with  a 
picture  of  Solomon's  Temple. 


346 


Early  Bibhs. 


I 


Armstrong  &  Berry  published  a  121110  Bible  in 
1839. 

The  final  reprint  of  Brown's  Self-Interpreting  Bible 
was  made  in  numbers  by  John  Wallace,  followed  by 
Joseph  Neal  in  1851. 

J.  H.  Stockton,  68  Lexington  Street,  imprinted 
in  1856  a  i2mo  book  with  the  title  **  The  Divine 
Library :  or  Cyclopedia  of  Inspiration.  The  Gospel 
of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  according  to 
Sir  Matthew.    Received  version  in  paragraph  form." 

The  volumes  of  Archbishop  Kenrick's  translation 
from  the  Latin  Vulgate  that  were  published  in  lial- 
timore  have  been  considered  elsewhere. 

"  The  first  press  established  in  New  Jersey,"  says 
Thomas,'  "  it  appears,  was  at  Woodbridge,  and  for 
many  years  this  was  the  only  one  in  the  colony." 
Early  printing  was  also  done  at  Burlington.  As 
we  have  seen,  the  first  copy  of  the  New  Testament 
printed  in  the  State  was  that  issued  by  Isaac  C\)llins 
at  Trenton  in  1 788.  Then  came  his  quarto  Bible  of 
1 79 1  and  his  octavo  of  1793. 

A  quarto  Bible  was  published  at  Trenton  in  1817. 
It  has  the  following  imprint :  "  Published  by  D.  &  \i. 
Fenton,  Warren  Street,  next  door'  to  the  City  Tav- 
ern." It  is  embellished  with  twenty-five  copper-plate 
engravings.  The  frontispiece  is  "  A  Scheme  of  the 
Lives  of  the  Patriarchs  from  Adam  to  Moses."     The 

1  "  History  i>f  Printiiij^  in  Ainorica,"  vol.  i.,  p.  314. 


I  'itrioi4s  luiitioHs. 


,U7 


book  is  witlunit  preface.  It  includes  the  Apocrypha, 
ami  the  entire  text  is  printed  on  1046  pa^es,  Then 
comes  a  history  of  the  Holy  Land  covering  two 
pages.  An  index  of  the  nu>st  remarkable  passages 
in  the  books  of  the  OKI  and  New  Testanients  follows, 
in  eighteen  pages.  This  is  succeeiled  by  a  tablt?  of 
time,  an  alphabetical  table  t>f  the  jMoper  names  in 
the  t)ld  juul  New  Testaments,  a  table  of  kindreil,  a 
concise  view  of  the  evidences  of  the  Christian  rt>ligion, 
by  J.  Fletcher,  tables  t)f  Scripture  nieasures,  weights, 
and  coii\s,  antl  a  table  of  the  several  passages  in  the 
Old  Testament  quoted  by  Christ  and  His  Apostles  in 
the  New  Testament.  The  book  ends  with  Hrown's 
Concordance  on  seventy  pages.  This  edition  of  the 
Bible  is  not  mentitmed  by  O'Callaghan,  having 
c.scapetl  his  notice. . 

In  :S^^^^  a  i6mo  New  Testament  was  published  at 
Trenton  by  Hishop  Davenport. 

ICarly  eilitions  of  the  New  Testament  were  pub- 
lishetl  at  ICli/abethtown.  The  llrst  was  in  i  7SK,  b)' 
Shepard  Kollock.  It  is  a  1 2mo  without  pagination. 
Another  i2mo  was  issued  by  Mervin  Hale  in  i.S.>(). 
An  i8mo  of  3,^5  pages  was  published  by  J.  Sander- 
son in  1829,  and  a  32mo  of  ,H4  pages  by  H.  1'.  Hrook- 
fielil  in  iH.^2.  lulward  .Sanderson  imprinted  a  I2mt> 
liible  in  iS.^,^  and  an  octavo  in  iH^5.  The  later  con- 
tains a  woodcut  frontispiece. 

"  Lessons  of  the  ICpiscopal  Church,  selected  from 


348 


Early  Bibles. 


Scripture "  was  published  by  A.  Blauvelt  of  New 
Brunswick  in  1 798.    The  printer  was  Andrew  Fowler. 

An  octavo  edition  of  the  Bible  was  printed  by- 
Mann  &  Douglass  at  Morristown  in  1805.  It  is 
without  preface.    The  text  is  printed  on  1141  pages. 

A  New  Testament  in  12 mo  was  published  by  Ben- 
jamin Olds  at  Newark  in  1838,  There  is  a  vignette 
of  the  Good  Samaritan  on  the  title-page  engraved  in 
wood. 

Printing  was  introduced  into  Delaware  by  James 
Adams,  who  set  up  his  press  at  Wilmington  in  1761. 
He  printed  a  newspaper  and  published  several  relig- 
ious books.  The  earliest  publication  was  probably 
Macgowan's  "  Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel,"  in 
1796.  The  Bible  abridged  for  the  use  of  children 
appeared  in  1797,  and  the  "Life  of  David,"  by 
Thomas  Ellwood,  in  the  same  year.  The  first  edi- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  as  issuing  from  the  press 
of  Delaware  of  which  we  have  any  record  was  pub- 
lished by  Peter  Brynberg  of  Wilmington  in  1802. 
It  contains  279  pages  and  is  a  i2mo.  Another 
edition  has  the  date  of  1805.  A  New  Testament  of 
the  same  size,  dated  1804,  has  the  imprint  of  Bonsai 
&  Niles,  Wilmington.  A  Bible  followed  in  1812  and 
a  New  Testament  in  1818. 

The  first  printer  of  Connecticut  was  Thomas  Short, 
who  started  his  press  in  New  London  in  1709.     He 


Various  Editions. 


349 


was  succeeded  by  Timothy  Green  in  17 14,  who  was 
invited  into  the  colony  to  do  the  printing.  Thomas 
says:^  "Besides  the  work  of  government,  Green 
printed  a  number  of  pamphlets  on  religious  sub- 
jects, particularly  sermons.  It  has  been  said  of  him 
that  whenever  he  heard  a  sermon  which  he  highly 
approved  he  would  solicit  a  copy  from  the  author, 
and  print  it  for  his  own  sales.  This  honest  zeal  in 
the  cause  of  religion  often  proved  injurious  to  his 
interest.  Large  quantities  of  these  sermons  lay  on 
hand  as  dead  stock ;  and  after  his  decease,  they  were 
put  into  baskets,  appraised  by  the  bushel,  and  sold 
under  the  value  of  common  waste  paper."  It  was 
Thomas  C.  Green,  a  descendant  of  the  above-named 
printer,  who  in  1795  printed  at  New  London  the 
book  of  prayers  that  contains  the  special  version  of 
the  Psalms  made  by  Bishop  Seabury. 

"The  Complete  Evangelist;  comprising  The  His- 
tory of  Jesus  Christ  in  the  words  of  the  authorized 
Translations,"  was  printed  at  New  London  in  1845 
by  Bolles  &  Williams,  in  a  i2mo  volume. 

The  second  place  in  Connecticut  where  printing 
was  established  was  New  Haven.  In  1790  Abel 
Morse  printed  a  i2mo  edition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment. The  pages  are  unnumbered.  The  book  was 
evidently  printed    under  difficulties,  as  the   proofs 

1  "  History  of  Printing  in  America,"  vol.  i.,  p.  185. 


350 


Early  Bibles. 


N 


were  poorly  scrutinized.  O'Callaghan  says:  "The 
errors  in  this  volume  are  innumerable."  He  points 
out  sixty-four  of  these.  The  same  publisher  issued 
the  New  Testament  with  Burkitt's  expository  notes 
in  a  quarto  volume  in  1 794.  It  was  also  published 
in  1798  by  Ti<='bout  &  O'Brien.  A  i2mo  New  Tes- 
tament of  1 797  has  the  imprint  of  Edward  O'Brien. 

A  Catechism  of  the  Bible  by  the  Rev.  Menzies 
Rayner  was  published  by  Flagg  &  Gray  in  i2mo  in 
1818. 

In  1833  Durrie  &  Peck  issued  the  Webster 
Amer  led  Bible,  but  this  has  been  fully  considered 
in  a  previous  chapter. 

Printing  was  introduced  into  Hartford  in  1764. 
John  Babcock  printed  in  1798  a  24mo  book  with 
the  title,  "  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ ;  Translated  from  the  Greek.  Appointed 
to  be  read  by  Children."  O'Callaghan  speaks  of  this 
as  "an  ill- written  paraphrase^  or  narrative,  adhering 
not  much  to  biblical  phraseology.  It  is  illustrated 
by  coarse  woodcuts  and  has  a  few  hymns  and  an 
advertisement  of  the  printer  at  the  end." 

In  1806  Lincoln  &  Gleason  printed  a  i2mo  edi- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  consisting  of  ten  thou- 
sand copies.  They  also  printed  in  1807  Doddridge's 
"  Family  Expositor  "  in  two  octavo  volumes. 

1  "  List  of  Bibles  Printed  in  America,"  p.  55. 


Various  Editions. 


351 


In  1809  Hudson  &  Goodwin  published  a  i2nio 
Bible,  It  is  of  interest,  as  it  is  regarded  by  collect- 
ors as  the  first  Bible  printed  in  Connecticut.  It  con- 
tains the  Dedication  of  the  translators  to  King  James. 
It  has  headings  to  the  chapters  and  columns,  and  the 
pages  are  unnumbered.  The  type  was  made  and  set 
up  by  Wilson  &  Sons  of  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  then 
shipped  to  Hartford  for  printing.  This  book  passed 
through  many  editions  until  the  year  1837,  when  tlie 
type  was  sold  for  old  metal. 

"  An  Abridgment  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,"  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Sellon,  was  issued  by  Hale  &  Hosmer  in 
181 3.  Sheldon  &  Goodrich  published  a  i2mo  New 
Testament  in  18 16,  and  another  of  the  same  size  was 
issued  in  181 7  by  George  Goodwin  &  Sons.  S.  G. 
Goodrich  impressed  a  duodecimo  Bible  in  1818,  and  a 
New  Testament  in  1819.  Oliver  D.  Cooke  &  Sons 
published  a  24mo  New  Testament  in  1818  and  a  i2mo 
Greek  Testament  in  1827.  George  Goodwin  issued  in 
1823  a  i6mo  New  Testament.  The  frontispiece  is 
"Christ  instructing  Nindemus."  It  has  an  engraved 
title-page.  Silas  Andrus  was  for  many  years  a  pub- 
lisher of  Bibles  ax  Hartford.  His  first  publication  was 
an  i8mo  New  Testament  in  1824.  A  Bible  of  i2mo 
appeared  in  1826.  These  were  followed  by  an  i8mo 
Bible,  and  a  i2mo  New  Testament  in  1827,  and  a 
24mo  Bible  in  1828.     In  18^9  Mr.  Andrus  printed 


352 


Early  Bibles. 


a  folio  Bible  with  Canne's  marginal  notes.  This  was 
not  only  the  first  folio  Bible  stereotyped  in  the 
United  States,  but  was  probably  the  first  folio  Bible 
printed  in  Connecticut.  A  stereotyped  i2mo  Bible 
was  issued  by  Andrus  in  1831.  It  is  illustrated 
with  twenty-four  woodcuts.  In  later  years  the  name 
of  the  firm  changed,  but  the  publication  of  Bibles 
continued. 

Hudson  &  Skinner  published  a  i2mo  Bible  in  1829 
which  was  reissued  through  a  number  of  years. 

Josiah  B.  Baldwin  printed  a  i2mo  New  Testament 
at  Bridgeport  in  1824. 

William  H.  Niles  published  a  i2mo  Bible  at  Mid- 
dletown  in  1832.  E.  Hunt  &  Co.  imprinted  a  Bible 
of  the  same  size  in  1839. 

The  first  printing  done  in  the  State  of  Vermont 
was  at  Westminster,  about  1781.     The  first  place  to 

* 

publish  any  portion  of  Scripture  was  Windsor.  The 
year  was  181 2  and  the  Bible  a  quarto,  published  by 
Merrifield  &  Cochran.  The  book  speaks  of  itself  as 
the  "  First  Vermont  Edition."  It  has  seven  engrav- 
ings, all  executed  except  one,  by  Isaac  Eddy  of 
Weathersfield,  Vt.  After  the  Family  Record  is  "A 
Clergyman's  address  to  Married  persons."  There 
are  numerous  errors  in  the  headings  of  the  pages, 
designating  the  names  of  the  books.     It  contains  the 


Various  Editions. 


353 


Apocrypha,  and  the  entire  text  is  printed  on  956 
pages. 

In  1 816  Jesse  Cochran  of  Windsor  published  a 
i2mo  New  Testament.  A  similar  book  was  issued 
by  Simeon  Ide  in  1826,  and  a  reissue  by  Ide  &  God- 
dard's  Power  Press  in  1833.  "An  Analysis  of  the 
24th  Chapter  of  Matthew,"  by  Hiram  Carleton,  in 
an  octavo  volume,  was  printed  at  the  Chronicle  Press 
in  1851. 

Several  editions  of  the  Bible  have  come  from  the 
presses  at  Brattleborough.  J.  Holbrook  printed  at 
this  place  a  i2mo  Bible  in  1818.  Holbrook  &  Fes- 
senden  printed  a  Bible  of  the  same  size  in  1827  which 
evidently  was  impressed  from  the  plates  of  the  Bruce 
stereotyped  edition  of  181 5.  They  also  published  in 
the  same  year  a  24mo  New  Testament.  They  im- 
printed in  1828  a  quarto  Bible  with  nine  woodcuts. 
This  edition  was  printed  from  the  plates  of  the  Wil- 
bur Bible,  stereotyped  by  James  Conner  of  New  York. 
Another  issue  from  the  Wilbur  plates  was  printed  by 
Peck  &  Wood  in  1833.  I"  1834  an  octavo  Bible  in 
five  volumes  with  Matthew  Henry's  Commentary  was 
published  with  numerous  wood  engravings.  Subse- 
quently the  plates  were  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
and  another  impression  made.  In  1839  the  Brattle- 
borough Bible  Company  published  a  Bible  in  12  mo, 


: 


354 


Early  Bibles. 


with  engraved  title-page.  White  &  Reed  published 
at  Newbury  in  1825  a  i2nio  New  Testament. 

In  1830  R.  Colton  &  G.  W.  Seeley  issued  a  24mo 
Bible  at  Woodstock,  and  another  of  1 6mo  came  from 
the  press  of  J.  B.  &  S.  L.  Chase  &  Co.  in  1836. 

Printing  in  New  Hampshire  dates  from  1756. 
Isaiah  Thomas  gave  his  influence  toward  the  pub- 
lication of  an  octavo  Bible  at  Walpole  in  181 5.  He 
owned  the  press,  and  the  publisher  was  his  son-in- 
law,  Anson  Whipple.  There  was  some  difficulty  in 
setting  the  type,  and  the  work  was  about  five  years 
in  going  through  the  press.  The  edition  consisted 
of  eight  thousand  copies.  The  Old  and  New  Tes- 
taments are  paged,  but  the  Apocrypha  is  without 
pagination. 

Numerous  editions  of  the  Scriptures  contain  on  the 
title-page  the  name  of  the  town  of  Concord.  The 
dates  are  as  follows:  The  New  Testament  in  i2mo 
by  Luther  Roby  in  1823.  The  New  Testament  in 
i8mo,  without  date,  but  supposed  to  have  been  pub- 
lished in  1829  by  Horatio  Hill  &  Co.  Abo  a  i2mo 
New  Testament,  without  date,  but  assigned  to  1833. 
A  Bible  in  i2mo  by  Moses  G.  Atwood  in  183 1.  A 
i2mo  Polyglot  Testament  and  an  i8mo  Testament 
in  1833  by  Coffin,  Roby,  Hoag  &  Co.  A  Bible  in 
32mo  by  C.  &  A.  Hoag  in  1834,  The  New  Testa- 
ment in  32mo  in  1834,  and  the  Bible  in  the  same 


Various  Editions. 


355 


size  in  1836  by  Charles  Hoag.  In  the  latter  year  a 
32mo  Bible  by  O.  L.  Sanborn.  In  1838  a  24mo  Bible, 
in  1839  a  quarto  Bible,  and  in  1841  a  i2mo  Testa- 
ment by  Roby,  Kimball  &  Merrell.  In  1844  a  i2mo 
Bible,  and  in  the  same  year  a  32mo  Testament,  by 
Luther  Roby.  In  1847  Henry  Wallis  &  J.  Roby 
stereotyped  a  24mo  Polyglot  Bible.  A  quarto  Bible 
was  issued  by  Luther  Roby  in  1850. 

A  few  Bibles  have  been  printed  at  Exeter.  In 
1827  J.  &  B.  Williams  published  a  i2mo  New  Tes- 
tament. Andrew  Poor  and  James  Derby  issued  the 
New  Testament  in  two  octavo  volumes  in  1830.  In 
1 83 1  James  Derby  published  the  New  Testament  in 
32mo. 

In  1830  a  i2mo  Bible  was  printed  at  Claremont 
by  the  Claremont  Manufacturing  Company's  Power 
Press.  The  New  Testament  in  48mo  was  issued  by 
the  same  company  in  1831. 

A  New  Testament  in  i2mo  was  published  by  Sim- 
eon Ide  at  New  Ipswich,  but  the  date  is  unknown. 
It  has  been  conjectured  that  the  year  was  18 16. 

In  181 8  S.  A.  Morrison  &  Co.  published  a  i2mo 
New  Testament  at  Keene.  A  Polyglot  Bible  of  the 
same  size  was  impressed  by  J.  &  J.  W.  Prentiss  in 
1840.  A  Polyglot  Testament  from  the  same  pub- 
lishers also  bears  the  date  of  1840. 

The  State  of  Maine,  according  to  Thomas,  pub- 


■ 


356 


Early  Bibles. 


11 


lished  its  first  newspaper  at  Falmouth  in  1785,  but 
it  has  not  furnished  many  early  Bibles.  A  Harmony 
of  the  Kings  and  Prophets  was  published  by  Stephen 
Merrell  at  Kittery  in  1832  in  octavo  form. 

In  1839  O.  L.  Sanborn  of  Portland  imprinted  a 
Bible  in  32mo.  A  Bible  of  the  same  size  was  issued 
by  Sanborn,  Sherburne  &  Co.  in  184 1.  In  1844  San- 
born &  Carter  published  a  Polyglot  Bible  in  i2mo. 
Their  32mo  Bible  of  1842  went  through  a  number  of 
editions.     They  impressed  a  Bible  in  i8mo  in  1848. 

S.  H.  Colesworthy  printed  in  1848  the  New  Testa- 
ment after  a  version  made  by  Jonathan  Morgan.  It 
is  a  curiosity  in  the  way  of  its  orthography,  as  well 
as  in  the  eccentricity  of  the  translation.  It  has  been 
referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  Curious  Versions, 

The  only  publication  of  Scripture  of  an  early  date 
known  to  us  as  having  been  printed  in  Rhode  Island, 
is  a  i2mo  New  Testament  published  at  Providence 
by  Miller  &  Hutchens,  No.  i  Market  Square,  in  1821. 
It  is  a  book  of  312  pages. 

But  few  publications  of  the  Scriptures  can  be  traced 
to  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  Rheims  Testament 
was  printed  by  W.  Duflfy  of  Georgetown  in  1817,  and 
a  work  entitled  "  Christology  of  the  Old  Testament," 
consisting  mainly  of  quotations  from  Scripture  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Hengstenberg,  was  published  in  an  octavo 
volume  at  Alexandria  in  1836.      The  "History  of 


»ii 


V 


Various  Editions. 


357 


Job,"  "  Reconstructed  in  the  English  Language  to 
accord  with  the  long-lost  Arabic,"  was  published  by 
Samuel  Reeve  at  Washington  in  1855. 

In  the  State  of  Kentucky  the  earliest  Bibles  were 
those  published  by  the  Auxiliary  Bible  Society.  The 
i2mo  Bible  printed  at  Lexington  in  18 19  was  prob- 
ably the  first. 

A  i2mo  book  of  240  pages,  containing  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Matthew  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  in  the 
language  of  the  Pottawotomi  Indians,  was  published 
in  1844  by  the  American  Indian  Mission  Association. 
The  printer  was  William  C.  Buck,  of  Louisville. 

An  imperial  quarto  Bible,  "  With  a  perpetual  Gene- 
ological  Family  Register  entirely  new  and  original," 
appeared  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in  1858.  It  bears  the 
name  of  Richard  Abbey,  and  also  the  line,  "  Sold  by 
the  Southern  Methodist  and  Publishing  House." 
The  title-page  contains  the  words  "  New  York  and 
Nashville,"  and  the  imprint  of  the  New  York  pub- 
lishers. 

The  only  portion  of  Scripture  known  to  have  been 
printed  in  the  State  of  Georgia  is  the  small  New 
Testament  issued  by  the  Confederate  States  Bible 
Society  in  1862.  While  the  title-page  bears  the 
name  of  Augusta,  the  book  was  printed  at  Atlanta. 

In  1828  James  Campbell  of  Bethany,  Va.,  printed 
and  published  a  i2mo  book  with  the  title:  "The 


358 


Early  Bibles. 


Sacred  Writings  of  the  Apostles  and  Evangelists  of 
Jesus  Christ,  commonly  styled  the  New  Testament. 
Translated  from  the  Original  Greek  by  George  Camp- 
bell, James  MacKnight,and  Philip  Doddridge,  Doctors 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland."  A  second  edition  was 
published  in  1830,  and  a  third  in  1832.  Macgowan's 
"  Life  of  Joseph,  Son  of  Israel,"  was  printed  at  Rich- 
mond in  the  year  1800. 

The  Western  States  have  so  recent  a  history  that 
they  cannot  contribute  much  to  this  subject. 

An  edition  of  the  New  Testament  in  24mo  was 
published  by  William  Stewart  at  Hagerstown,  Ind.,  in 
1843.     The  printer  was  Edwin  Bell. 

A  quarto  Bible  was  printed  at  Dayton,  O.,  in  1857, 
by  E.  A.  &  T.  T.  More.  There  is  a  strong  resem- 
blance between  this  book  and  the  Wilbur  Reference 
Bible  of  1846,  and  it  was  doubtless  printed  from  the 
same  plates.  It  has  a  frontispiece  to  each  Testa- 
ment, and  other  engravings. 

Many  of  the  towns  in  the  States  of  Massachusetts, 
New  York,  and  Pennsylvania,  aside  from  Boston,  New 
York,  and  Philadelphia,  have  printed  editions  of  the 
Bible.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  Massa- 
chusetts. 

At  Amherst,  in  1828,  J.  S.  &  C.  Adams  published 
a  i2mo  New  Testament  with  Wilbur's  references. 
They  also  issued  a  24mo  Bible  in  1834. 


Various  Editions. 


359 


Charles  McFarland  published  the  New  Testament 
in  octavo  with  the  notes  of  Dr.  Doddridge  in  1839. 

At  Andover,  in  18 14,  Flagg  &  Gould  printed  a 
Harmony  in  Greek  of  the  Gospels,  with  notes  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Newcome.  It  was  a  reprint  by  the  junior 
class  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  as  s  ited  on  the 
title-page.     It  is  an  octa  o. 

A  translation  with  commentary,  by  the  Rev.  Moses 
Stuart,  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebtcws,  appeared  in 
1828.  Also  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  by  the  same, 
in  1835. 

Tyndale's  Testament  of  1526  ,ilh  "the  esse  'al 
variations  of  Coverdale's,  Thon  as  Matthew's,  Cran- 
mer's  the  Genevan,  and  the  Bishops'  Bibles  as  mar- 
ginal readings,"  by  J.  P.  Dabney,  vva.  printed  by  Gould 
&  Newman  in  i2mo  in  1837.  Also  in  the  same  year 
they  issued  the  Four  Gospels  with  Campbell's  Notes 
in  two  octavo  volumes. 

The  New  Testament  in  i2mo,  with  Wilbur's  refer- 
ences, was  published  by  S.  Wilson,  at  Belchertown, 
in  1829. 

At  Brookfield,  in  18 10,  E.  Merriam  &  Co.  im- 
printed a  i2mo  New  Testament.  They  also  issued 
in  181 5  an  oct"  .  j  Bible,  of  which  an  edition  of  twelve 
thousand  copies  was  printed. 

Samuel  Green  &  Marmaduke  Johnson  made  Cam- 
bridge famous  the  world  over  by  the  publication  of 


36o 


Early  Bibles. 


the  Eliot  translations.  They  were  followed  by  other 
printers,  and  the  name  of  the  University  town  adorns 
the  title-pages  of  many  books. 

In  1809  Milliard  &  Metcalf  published  in  i2mo  the 
Book  of  Psalms  in  Hebrew.  A  Greek  Testament  in 
octavo  also  bears  the  date  of  the  same  year.  Still 
another  book  was  imprinted  in  1 809.  It  is  an  Appen- 
dix to  the  New  Testament,  by  Judge  Winthrop.  In 
1820  a  translation  of  the  New  Testament  by  Gilbert 
Wakefield,  from  the  second  London  edition,  was 
printed  at  the  University  Press  in  octavo. 

The  Book  of  Job,  with  an  introduction  and  notes 
by  George  R.  Noyes,  was  impressed  by  Hilliard  & 
Brown  in  1827. 

Annotations  on  the  New  Testament,  "  Compiled 
from  the  best  critical  Authorities,  and  designed  for 
popular  use,"  by  J.  P.  Dabney,  was  imprinted  in 
i2mo  by  the  same  printers  in  1829. 

Dr.  Coit's  Paragraph  Bible  in  three  i2mo  volumes 
was  printed  by  Manson  &  Grant  in  1834  and  the  New 
Testament  separately  in  the  same  year. 

The  Gospel  of  St.  John  after  Luther's  German  ver- 
sion, "  with  an  Interlinear  English  Translation  for  the 
use  of  Students,"  by  Professor  Charles  Pollen,  was 
imprinted  by  James  Monroe  &  Co.  in  1835. 

Samuel  Etheridge  was  an  enterprising  printer  of 
Charlestown.     He  printed  a  quarto  Bible  in  1803. 


\ 


Various  Editions. 


361 


It  contains  a  map  of  Palestine  and  nine  historical 
engravings.  It  has  marginal  notes  and  references, 
and  Brown's  Concordance  is  added.  Also  a  i2mo 
New  Testament  of  1803  has  his  imprint.  A  "  Short 
and  Plain  Exposition  of  the  Old  Testament "  by  the 
Rev.  Job  Orton  in  six  octavo  volumes  came  from  the 
Etheridge  Press  in  1805. 

"  The  Life  of  Joseph,"  a  paraphrase  of  Scripture, 
was  published  at  Greenfield  by  John  Denio  in  1805. 
An  Abridged  Bible,  for  the  use  of  children,  by  the 
same  printer,  is  dated  181 1.  A  Compendium  of 
Scripture,  "  being  a  Transcript  of  the  received  Text," 
by  Rodolphus  Dickinson,  was  printed  by  Horace 
Graves  in  18 14.  A  Biblical  Catechism  was  im- 
printed by  Denio  &  Phelps  in  181 7. 

W.  &  H.  Merriam  issued  an  i8mo  Bible  in  1842. 

At  Lunenburg,  in  1821,  W.  Greenough  published  a 
l2mo  Bible.  This  was  reissued  by  Edmund  Gushing 
in  1825.  A  Bible  in  quarto,  with  Cushing's  imprint, 
is  dated  1828.     It  has  nine  engravings. 

A  press  was  set  up  at  Newburyport  in  1773.  At 
an  early  date  John  Mycall  published  a  New  Testa- 
men';  in  i2mo.  The  title-page  is  not  dated,  but  the 
year  was  probably  1791.  Parker  &  Robinson  also 
published  a  Testament  of  the  same  size,  but  it  is 
without  date.  William  B.  Allen  &  Co.  imprinted  a 
1 2mo  New  Testament  in  18 14,  a  i2mo  Bible  in  181 5, 


>  t 


V 


362 


Early  Bibles. 


I 


and  a  32mo  New  Testament  in  18 16.  John  G.  Tilton 
printed  a  1 2mo  New  Testament  in  1 840,  and  William 
W.  Nason  another  of  the  same  size  in  1843. 

Four  chapters  of  Isaiah  in  paraphrase  came  from 
the  press  of  William  Butler  of  Northampton  in  1802. 
Another  edition  with  six  chapters  appeared  in  1803. 

A  Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels  was  also  im- 
printed at  Northampton  in  1828  in  i2mo.  In  1836 
J.  H.  Butler  published  a  i6mo  Bible,  and  Hopkins, 
Bridgeman  &  Co.  another  of  32mo  in  1853. 

G.  &  C.  Merriam  published  at  Springfield  in  1838 
the  Polyglot  Bible  in  24mo,  and  another  in  32mo  in 
1840.  The  latter  was  reissued  in  1848  under  the 
firm  name  of  Merriam,  Chapin  &  Co.  ; 

The  twenty-third  chapter  of  Isaiah,  with  comments, 
was  imprinted  in  octavo  by  Wood  &  Rupp  in  1842. 

Worcester  will  always  be  identified  with  the  admir- 
able publications  of  Isaiah  Thomas  and  his  successors. 
No  record  more  substantial  could  be  desired. 

Several  towns  in  the  State  of  New  York  have  also 
contributed  editions  of  the  Bible.  Some  early  im- 
prints emanated  from  Albany. 

The  Book  of  Isaiah  after  the  translation  of  Bishop 
Lowth  was  printed  in  i2mo  by  Charles  R.  &  George 
Webster,  2  Pearl  Street,  in  1 794. 

The  New  Testament,  "  carefully  revised  and  cor- 
rected  by  the  Rev.  John   McDonald   of  Albany," 


Various  Editions. 


363 


bears  the  firm  name  of  H.  C.  Southwick.  The  book 
Va  a  i2mo,  and  the  pages  are  not  numbered.  The 
date  is  181 3. 

A  Bible  in  octavo  was  issued  by  E.  F.  Bachus  in 
18 16.  Another  in  i2mo  was  the  product  of  the 
press  of  Websters  &  Skinners,  corner  of  State  and 
Pearl  Streets,  in  181 7.  Still  another  of  the  same 
size  was  imprinted  by  E.  &  E.  Hosford  in  1822. 

S.  Shaw  published  a  i2mo  New  Testament  known 
as  the  "  Definition  Testament"  in  1825. 

Packard  &  Van  Benthuysen  were  the  publishers 
in  1833  of  the  New  Testament  in  the  Chippewa  lan- 
guage. 

Henry  Oliphant  published  at  Auburn  in  1846  the 
New  Testament  in  i2mo,  and  James  M.  Alden  a 
quarto  Bible  in  1851,  followed  by  another  in  12  mo 
in  1852. 

The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  according  to  the  curi- 
ous version  of  Hezekiah  Woodruff,  was  imprinted  by 
Henry  Oliphant  in  1852.  A  quarto  Bible  was  im- 
pressed by  William  J.  Moses  in  1856.  The  volume 
has  several  illustrations. 

Phinney  &  Co.  published  at  BufTalo  in  1849  a  quarto 
Bible,  and  another  in  1857.  A  32mo  New  Testa- 
ment of  1 849  also  bears  their  name.  A  quarto  Bible 
without  date  was  issued  by  John  E.  Beardsley.  An 
octavo  volume  of  Notes  on  the  New  Testament  was 


V 


364 


Borly  Bibles. 


^ 


published  by  James  D.  Bemis,  in  1 8 19,  at  Canan- 
daigua. 

Cooperstown  was  the  manufacturing  point  for  many- 
years  of  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  Bibles. 
H.  &  E.  Phinney  began  their  business  in  1822,  and 
for  twenty-five  years  made  on  an  average  six  thou- 
sand Bibles  per  annum.  It  is  impossible  to  follow 
their  editions,  except  to  say  that  their  first  quarto 
Bible  was  published  in  1822,  their  32mo  New  Testa- 
ment in  18^2,  their  octavo  Bible  in  1841,  their  48mo 
New  Testament  in  1832,  their  octavo  Polyglot  Bible 
in  1845,  their  i2mo  New  Testament  in  1846,  and 
their  i6mo  New  Testament  in  1847. 

In  1850  Wanzer,  Foote  &  Co.  published  at  Roch- 
ester a  quarto  Bible  that  strongly  resembles  the  Phin- 
ney quarto  of  1822. 

An  exposition  of  the  one  hundred  and  thirtieth 
Psalm  by  Dr.  Owen  was  printed  by  Dodd  &  Rum- 
sey  at  Salem  in  1806.     It  is  a  i2mo  of  419  pages. 

A  quarto  Bible  was  imprinted  by  Mills,  Hopkins 
&  Co.  at  Syracuse  in  1854,  with  illustrations, 

William  Williams,  60  Genesee  Street,  Utica,  pub- 
lished a  i2mo  New  Testament  in  18 19.  The  same 
publisher  placed  his  imprint  in  1827  upon  the  Phin- 
ney quarto  of  1822.  He  also  issued  a  i2mo  New 
Testament  after  the  Rheims  version  in  1829.  He 
added  a  school  edition  in  i8mo  in  1832.     Explana- 


/■ 


Various  Editions. 


365 


tory  Notes  on  Scripture  by  Ezekiel  I.  Chapman 
appeared  in  183 1,  In  1840  Thomas  Davis  reissued 
the  Rheims  Testament  of  1829. 

In  1845  W.  &  H.  Merriam  published  a  32mo  Bible 
at  Troy.  They  also  issued  a  quarto  Bible  in  1 846. 
Merriam,  Moore  &  Co.  published  a  24mo  Bible  in 
1847,  and  imprinted  a  quarto  illustrated  with  wood- 
cuts in  1855. 

In  Pennsylvania  Bible-making  was  not  all  confined 
to  Philadelphia. 

At  Lancaster,  in  1797,  J.  Bailey  &  W.  &  R.  Dick- 
son of  King  Street  published  a  12 mo  New  Testa- 
ment. 

At  Pittsburgh,  in  183 1,  H.  Hcldship  &  Son  issued 
a  1 2 mo  Bible;  Luke  Loomis  &  Co.  of  Wood  Street 
in  1831  a  i2mo  New  Testament;  Johnston  &  Stock- 
ton a  i2mo  Bible  in  1834;  and  Cook  &  Schoyer  an 
i8mo  Bible  in  the  same  year. 

The  Bibles  or  portions  thereof  that  were  published 
at  Ephrata,  Germantown,  Reading,  Carlisle,  Lancas- 
ter, Somerset,  and  Harrisburg  were  for  the  most  part 
in  the  German  language,  and  have  already  come 
under  our  consideration. 

A  book  of  this  kind  cannot  be  in  a  strict  sense 
inclusive.  Some  editions  of  the  Bible  were  printed 
without  date,  and  others  without  the  name  of  either 
printer  or  publisher.     Some  were  printed  privately  or 


^mmavBsmsm 


366 


Early  Bibles. 


^ 


in  obscure  towns,  where  the  circulation  of  the  book 
was  limited.  Dr.  O'Callaghan  numbers  the  titles  of 
Bibles  and  parts  thereof  published  in  America  from 
1 66 1  to  i860  at  fifteen  hundred.  With  all  his  dili- 
gence and  patient  research  there  were  still  many  edi- 
tions he  did  not  find.^  Dr.  Hall  very  justly  says:^ 
"  Bibliographic  work,  according  to  all  experience,  is 
never  perfect.  Diligence  along  the  lines  of  regular 
information  and  of  systematic  search  is  ever  supple- 
mented by  the  knowledge  that  comes  only  by  chance. 
The  antiquarian  bookstore,  the  street  stall,  or  the 
rag-dealer's  stock,  will  now  and  then  reveal  a  series 
of  facts  to  which  the  librarians,  the  publishers,  or  the 
bibliophiles  could  give  no  clue." 

As  literary  property  rare  American  Bibles  consti- 
tute a  safe  investment,  for  the  demand  for  them  does 
not  decrease,  and  the  prices  are  steadily  rising.  A 
few  years  ago  a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Bible  was  bought 
in  an  old  bookstore  for  five  dollars,  and  it  could  be 
sold  to-day  for  four  hundred.  An  increase  in  price 
almost  as  remarkable  has  been  witnessed  in  the  his- 
tory of  some  copies  of  the  Eliot  Bible  owned  in  this 
country.  Public  libraries,  as  they  get  the  means, 
are  securing  these  rare  books,  thus  making  them  less 
accessible  to  the  private  buyer.    Any  one  conversant 

1  Appendix  M. 

2  In  preface  to  "American  Greek  Testaments." 


Various  Editions. 


367 


with  the  subject,  comparing  the  price-list^  of  to-day 
with  the  prices  obtained  in  the  past,  must  be  convinced 
of  the  desirability  of  this  kind  of  literary  property. 

While  many  of  the  early  Bibles  are  rude  and  un- 
adorned, we  must  respect  them,  for  they  represent 
conscientious  work,  and  the  best  art  of  their  time. 
They  are  historic  and  unique,  and  are  worthy  of  our 
reverent  care  and  love,  for,  after  all,  there  is  only  one 
Book  among  books. 


I  Appendix  N. 


APPENDICES. 


APPENDIX  A. 


DEDICATION   IN   THE   ELIOT   NEW   TESTAMENT  OF    1661. 


To  the  High  and  Mighty  Prince,  Charles  the  Second,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  King  of  England,  Scotland,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender 
of  the  Faith,  Ss'c. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  in  New  England,  wish 
increase  of  all  happiness,  &c. 

Most  Dread  Soveraign, — If  our  weak  apprehensions  have  not  misled 
us,  this  Work  will  be  no  unacceptable  Present  to  Your  Majesty,  as 
having  a  greater  Interest  therein,  than  we  believe  is  generally  under- 
stood :  which  (upon  this  Occasion)  we  conceive  it  our  Duty  to  declare. 

The  People  of  these  four  Colonies  (Confederated  for  Mutual  De- 
fence, in  the  time  of  the  late  Distractions  of  our  dear  Native  Country) 
Your  Majesties  natural  born  Subjects,  by  the  Favour  and  Grant  of 
Your  Royal  Father  and  Grandfather  of  Famous  Memory,  put  them- 
selves upon  this  great  and  hazardous  Undertaking,  of  Planting  them- 
selves at  their  own  Charge  in  these  remote  ends  of  the  Earth,  that 
without  offence  or  provocation  to  our  dear  Brethren  and  Countrymen, 
we  might  enjoy  that  liberty  to  Worship  God,  which  our  own  Con- 
science informed  us,  was  not  onely  our  Right,  but  Duty:  As  also 
that  we  might  (if  it  so  pleased  God)  be  instrumental  to  spread  the 
light  of  the  Gospel,  the  knowledg  of  the  Son  of  God  our  Saviour,  to 
the  poor  barbarous  Heathen,  which  by  His  late  Majesty,  in  some  of 
our  Patents,  is  declared  to  be  His  principal  aim. 

369 


370 


Appendix. 


These  honest  and  Pious  Intentions,  have,  through  the  grace  and 
goodness  of  God  and  our  Kings,  been  seconded  with  proportionable 
success:  for,  omitting  the  Immunities  indulged  us  by  Your  Highness 
Royal  Predecessors,  we  have  been  greatly  incouraged  by  Your  Majes- 
ties gracious  expressions  of  Favour  and  Approbation  signified,  unto 
the  Address  made  by  the  principal  of  our  Colonies,  to  which  the  rest 
do  most  cordially  Subscribe,  though  wanting  the  like  seasonable  oppor- 
tunity, they  have  been  (till  now)  deprived  of  the  means  to  Congratu- 
late your  Majesties  happy  Restitution,  after  Your  long  suffering,  which 
we  implore  may  yet  be  graciously  accepted,  that  we  may  l)e  equal 
partakers  of  Your  Royal  Favour  and  Moderation  ;  which  hath  been  so 
Illustrious  that  (to  admiration)  the  Animosities  and  different  Perswa- 
sions  of  men  have  been  so  soon  Composed,  and  so  much  cause  of  hope, 
that  ( unless  i  'ie  sins  of  the  nation  prevent)  a  blessed  calm  will  suc- 
ceed the  late  horrid  Confusions  of  Church  and  State.  And  shall  not 
we  {Dread  Sovernign)  your  Subjects  of  these  Colonies,  of  the  same 
Faith  and  Belief  in  all  Points  of  Doctrine  with  our  Countrymen,  and 
the  other  Reformed  Churches,  (though  perhaps  not  all  alike  perswaded 
in  some  matters  of  Order,  which  in  outward  respects  hath  been  un- 
happy for  us)  promise  and  assure  ourselves  of  all  just  favour  and  in- 
dulgence from  a  Prince  so  happily  and  graciously  endowed? 

The  other  part  of  our  Errand  hither,  hath  been  attended  with  En- 
devours  and  Blessing;  nuny  of  the  wilde  Indians  being  taught,  and 
understanding  the  Doctrine  of  the  Christian  Religion,  and  with  much 
affection  attending  such  Preachers  as  are  sent  to  teach  them,  many  of 
their  Children  are  instructed  to  Write  and  Reaile,  and  some  of  them 
have  proceeded  further,  to  attain  the  knowledge  of  the  Latine  and 
Greek  Tongues,  and  are  brought  up  with  our  English  youth  in  Uni- 
versity-learning :  There  are  divers  of  them  that  can  and  do  reade  some 
parts  of  the  Scripture,  and  some  Catechisms,  which  formerly  have  been 
Translated  into  their  own  Language,  which  hath  occasioned  the  under- 
taking of  a  greater  Work,  viz :  The  Printing  of  the  whole  Bible,  which 
(being  Translated  by  a  {lainful  Labourer  amongst  them,  who  was 
desirous  to  see  the  Work  accomplished  in  his  dayes)  hath  already 
proceeded  to  the  finishing  of  the  New  Testament,  which  we  here  hum- 
bly present  to  Your  Majesty,  as  the  first  fruits  and  accomplishment  of 
the  Pious  Design  of  your  Royal  Ancestors.     The  Old  Testament  is 


w 


A 


Xppciidix. 


371 


now  untlcr  the  Press,  wanting  and  cravinp  your  Royal  Favour  and 
Assistance  for  the  |ierfecting  thereof. 

We  may  not  conceal,  that  though  this  Work  hath  been  begun  and 
prosecute*!  by  such  Instruments  as  God  hath  raised  up  here,  yet  the 
chief  Charge  and  Cost,  which  hath  supported  and  carried  it  thus  far, 
hath  l)een  from  tl»e  Charity  and  Piety  of  divers  of  our  well. affected 
Countrymen  in  Eii^lami;  who  being  sensible  of  our  inability  in  that 
respect,  and  studious  to  promote  so  good  a  Work,  contributed  large 
Sums  of  Money,  which  were  to  be  improved  according  to  the  Direction 
and  Order  of  the  then-prevailing  Powers,  which  hath  been  faithfully 
and  religiously  attended  both  there  and  here,  according  to  the  pious 
intentions  of  the  Uenefactors.  And  we  do  most  humbly  beseech  your 
Majesty,  that  a  matter  of  so  much  Devotion  and  Piety,  tending  so 
much  to  the  Honour  of  Go<I,  may  suffer  no  disappointment  through 
any  Legal  Defect  (without  the  fault  of  the  Donors,  or  the  poor  Imiiitns, 
who  onely  receive  the  benefit)  but  that  your  Majesty  be  graciously 
pleased  to  Kstablish  antl  Confirm  the  same,  being  contrived  and  done 
(as  we  conceive)  in  the  first  year  of  your  Majesties  Reign,  as  this 
Book  was  begun  and  now  finished  in  the  first  year  of  your  Establish- 
ment ;  which  doth  not  onely  presage  the  hapjiy  success  of  your  High- 
ness Government,  but  will  be  a  perpetual  Monument,  that  by  your 
Majesties  Favour  the  Gospel  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ, 
was  first  made  known  to  the  Indians :  An  Honour  whereof  (we  are 
assured)  your  Majesty  will  not  a  little  esteem. 

Sir,  7Vit'  s/iincs  of  Your  Royal  Favour  upon  these  Vnderta kings,  ivill 
make  these  tender  Plants  to  flourish,  notjvithstanding  any  malevolent 
As/>eet  fivm  those  that  hear  ez>il  will  to  this  Sion,  and  render  Your 
Majesty  more  Illustrious  and  Glorious  to  after  Generations. 

The  Gotl  of  Heaven  long  preserve  and  bless  Your  Majesty  with  many 
happy  Daves,  to  his  Glory,  the  good  and  comfort  of  his  Church  and 
People.     Amen. 


\'\ 


i 


APPENDIX  B. 

DEDICATION   IN  THE   EMOT  BIMI.E  OF    1663. 

To  the  High  and  Mighty  Prince,  Charles  the  Seeomi,  by  the  Grace  of 
God,  King  of  England,  Scotland,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender 
of  the  Failn,  d~v. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonics  in  New- Kn gland,  Wish  all 
Happiness,  i\:c'. 

Most  Dkkad  Sovkkaic;n, — As  our  former  Presentation  of  the 
New  Testament  was  Graciously  Accepted  by  Your  Majesty;  so  with 
all  Humble  Thankfulness  for  that  Royal  Favour,  and  with  the  like 
hope,  We  are  bold  now  to  Present  the  WHOLE  BIEl.E,  Translated 
into  the  Language  of  the  Natives  of  this  Country,  l)y  ./  Painful 
Labourer  in  that  Work,  and  now  J'rinted  and  Finished,  liy  means  of 
the  Pious  Hencficence  of  Your  Majesties  Subjects  in  England :  which 
also  by  Your  Special  Favour  hath  been  Continued  and  Confirmed  to 
the  intended  Use  and  Advancement  of  so  Great  and  Good  a  Work,  as 
is  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  to  these  poor  Barbarians  in  this  (Ere- 
while)  Unknown  World. 

Translations  of  Holy  Scripture,  The  Word  of  the  King  of  Kings, 
have  ever  been  deemed  not  unworthy  of  the  most  Princely  Dedica- 
tions:  Examples  whereof  are  extant  in  divers  Languages.  Hut  Your 
Majesty  is  the  First  that  hath  Received  one  in  this  Language,  or  from 
this  American  World,  or '  from  any  Parts  so  Remote  from  Europe  as 
these  are,  for  ought  that  ever  we  heard  of. 

Publications  also  of  these  Sacred  ^Vritings  to  the  Sons  of  Men  (who 
here,  and  here  onely,  have  the  Mysteries  of  their  Eternal  S.ilvation 
revealed  to  them  by  the  God  of  Heaven)  is  a  Work  that  the  Greatest 
Princes  have  Honoured  themselves  by.  But  to  Publish  and  Communi- 
cate the  same  to  a  Lost  People,  as  remote  from  Knowledge  and  Civil- 
ity, much  more  from  Christianity,  as  they  were  from  all  Knowing, 

372 


Appendix, 


373 


Civil  und  C'liristian  NntinnH;  n  Pcoplu  witlimit  l.iiw,  witiiout  l.i'ttcrs, 
without  Kiclics,  or  Means  to  procure  iiny  hucIi  tliint;;  n  people  timt 
sii/t-  lis  i/iY/>  in  Ihtrkttess,  ami  in  the  SlunUno  of  Dentlt,  us  (we  think) 
any  since  the  Creation:  This  puts  u  Lustre  upon  it  that  is  Su|H-rla- 
tive ;  and  to  have  yiven  Roynl  Tutronajje  and  Countenance  to  such  a 
I'ublication,  or  to  the  Means  thereof,  will  stand  anion^  the  Marks  of 
Lusting;  Honour  in  the  eyes  uf  all  that  are  Considerate,  even  unto 
After-(icnerations. 

And  thou(;h  there  be  in  this  Western  World  many  Colonies  of  other 
lCurop;ean  Nations,  yet  we  hund)ly  conceive,  no  Prince  hath  had  a 
Return  of  such  a  Work  as  this;  which  may  l)o  some  Token  of  tiie 
Success  of  Your  Majesties  Plantation  of  A'i-ti'-/uif;/iini/,  Undertaken 
and  Settled  under  the  Kncourafjement  and  Security  of  Clrnnts  from 
Your  Koyal  Father  and  (irandfather,  of  Famous  Memory,  and  Cher- 
ished with  late  (Iracious  Aspects  from  Your  Majesty.  Thouj^li  indeed, 
the  present  Poverty  of  these  Plantations  could  not  have  Accon\plished 
this  Work,  had  not  the  forcmentioned  liounty  of  Englanii  lent  Relief ; 
Nur  could  that  have  Continued  to  stand  us  in  stead,  without  the  Intlu- 
encc  of  Your  Royal  Favour  antl  Authority,  wlu'rel)y  the  Corponiliim 
there,  /''or  Pivpiii^iifinf^  the  Gos/iel  omoii^  these  dXitdTes,  hath  been  JOstal)- 
lished  and  Kncouraged  (whose  Labour  of  Love,  Care  and  Faithfulness 
in  that  Trust,  must  ever  be  rcmembred  with  Honour.)  Yea,  when 
private  persons,  for  their  private  Knds,  have  of  late  soujjht  .Xdvan- 
ta{jes  to  deprive  the  said  Corporaticm  of  Half  the  Possessions  that 
had  been,  by  Liberal  Contributitms,  obtained  for  so  Reli^jious  Fnds ; 
We  understand.  That  by  an  Honourable  and  Righteous  Decision  in 
Your  Majesties  Court  of  Chaneerv,  their  Hopes  have  been  defeated, 
and  the  Thing  Settled  where  it  was  and  is.  For  which  great  Favour 
and  Illustrious  Fruit  of  Your  Majesties  '  lovernment,  we  cannot  but 
return  our  most  Humble  Thanks  in  this  Publick  Manner:  And,  as 
the  Result,  of  the  joynt  Endeavours  of  Your  Majesties  Subjects  there 
and  here,  acting  under  Your  Royal  Influence,  We  Present  You  with 
this  Work,  which  upon  sundry  accounts  is  to  be  called  Yours. 

The  Southern  Colonies  of  the  Spanish  A'ation  have  sent  home  from 
this  American  Continent,  much  Gold  and  Silver,  as  the  Fruit  and  End 
of  their  Discoveries  and  Transplantations  :  Tliat  (we  confess)  is  a  scarce 
Commodity  in  this  Colder  Climate.     Hut  (suitable  to  the  Ends  of  our 


374 


Appendix. 


Undertaking)  we  Present  this,  and  other  Concomitant  Fruits  of  our 
poor  Endeavours  to  Plant  and  Propagate  the  Gospel  here;  which, 
upon  a  true  account,  is  as  much  better  than  Gold,  as  the  Souls  of  men 
are  more  worth  than  the  whole  World.  This  is  a  Nobler  Fruit  (and 
indeed,  in  the  Counsels  of  All-Disposing  Providence,  was  an  higher 
intended  End)  of  Columbus  his  adventure.  And  though  by  his 
Brother's  being  hindred  from  a  seasonable  Application,  your  Famous 
Prodecessour  and  Ancestor,  King  Henry  the  Seventh,  missed  of  being 
sole  Owner  of  that  first  Discovery,  and  of  the  Riches  thereof ;  yet,  if 
the  Honour  of  first  Discovering  the  True  and  Saving  Knowledge  of 
the  Gospel  unto  the  poor  Americans,  and  of  Erecting  the  Kingdome 
of  JESUS  CHRIST  among  them,  be  Reserved  for,  and  do  Redound 
unto  your  Majesty,  and  the  English  Nation,  After-ages  Will  not  reckon 
this  Inferiour  to  the  other.  Religion  is  the  End  and  Glory  of  Man- 
kinde;  and  as  it  was  the  Professed  End  of  this  Plantation;  so  we 
desire  ever  to  keep  it  in  our  Eye  as  our  main  Design  (both  as  to  our 
selves,  and  the  Natives  about  us)  and  that  our  Products  may  be  answer- 
able thereunto.  Give  us  therefore  leave  {Dread  Soveraigit)  yet  again 
humbly  to  Beg  the  Continuance  of  your  Royal  Favour,  and  of  the 
Influences  thereof,  upon  this  poor  Plantation,  The  United  Colonies  of 
NEW  ENGLAND,  for  tlie  Securing  and  Establishment  of  our  Civil 
Priviledges,  and  Religious  Liberties  hitherto  Enjoyed ;  and,  upon  this 
Good  Work  of  Propagating  Religion  to  these  Natives,  that  the  Sup- 
ports and  Encouragements  thereof  from  England  may  be  still  Coun- 
tenanced and  Confirmed.  May  this  Nursling  still  suck  the  Breast  of 
Kings,  and  be  fostered  by  your  Majesty,  as  it  hath  been  by  your 
Royal  Predecessours,  unto  the  Preservation  of  its  main  Concernments  ; 
It  shall  thrive  and  prosper  to  the  Glory  of  God,  and  the  Honour  of 
your  Majesty :  Neither  will  it  be  any  loss  or  grief  unto  our  Lord  the 
King,  to  have  the  Mlessing  of  the  Poor  to  come  upon  Him,  and  that 
from  these  Ends  of  the  Earth. 

The  God  by  Tuhotn  Kings  Reign,  and  Princes  Decree  Justice,  Bless  Your 
Majesty  and  Establish  your  Throne  in  Righteousness,  in  Mercy, 
and  in  Truth,  to  the  Glory  of  i.'is  N^ame,  the  Good  of  His  People, 
and  to  Your  oivn  Comfort  and  Rejoycing,  not  in  this  nely.,  but  in 
another  World. 


>\ 


APPENDIX  C. 

To  the  Honourable  Robert  Boyle,  Esq:  Govemour,  And  to  the 
Company  for  the  Propagation  of  The  Gospel  to  the  Indians  in  New 
England  and  Parts  adjacent  in  America. 

Honourable  Srs, — There  are  more  than  thirty  years  passed  since 
the  Charitable  and  Pious  Collections  were  made  throughout  the  King- 
dom of  Eng/and,  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  to  the  Indians, 
Natives  of  His  MAJESTIES  Territories  in  America;  and  near  the 
same  time :  Since  by  His  late  MAJESTIES  favour  of  ever  blessed 
Memory,  the  Affair  was  erected  into  an  Honourable  Corporation  by 
Charter  under  the  Broad  Seal  of  England;  in  all  which  time  our 
selves  and  those  that  were  before  us,  that  have  been  Your  Stewards, 
and  managed  Your  Trust  here,  are  witnesses  of  Your  earnest  and  sin- 
cere endeavours,  that  that  good  Work  might  prosper  and  flourish,  not 
only  by  the  good  management  of  the  Estate  committed  to  You,  but  by 
Your  own  Charitable  and  Honourable  Additions  thereto ;  whereof  this 
second  Edition  of  the  HOLY  BIBLE  in  their  own  Language,  much 
corrected  and  amended,  we  hope  will  be  an  everlasting  witness ;  for 
wheresoever  this  Gospel  shall  be  Preached,  this  also  that  you  have 
done,  shall  be  spoken  of  for  a  Memorial  of  you ;  find  as  it  hath,  so  it 
shall  be  our  studious  desire  and  endeavour,  that  the  success  amongst 
the  Indians  here,  in  reducing  them  into  a  civil  and  holy  life,  may  in 
some  measure  answer  the  great  and  necessary  Expences  thereabouts : 
And  our  humble  Prayer  to  Almighty  God,  that  You  may  have  the 
glorious  Reward  of  your  Service,  both  in  this  and  in  a  better  World. 
We  are  Your  Honours  most  Humble  and 
Faithful  Servants, 

William  Stoughton. 

Joseph  Dudley. 

Peter  Bulkley. 

Thomas  Hinckley. 
Boston,  Octob.  23,  1685. 

375  ;■ 


APPENDIX  D. 


List  o/ownsrs  of  Eliot  New  Testaments  and  Bibles,  as  far  as  known. 
New  Testaments  of  \t(i\. 


British  Museum  (2), 

British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 

Bodleian  Library, 

Town  Library, 

Edinburgh  Library, 

University  Library, 

Trinity  College, 

Harvard  University, 

Lenox  Library  (2), 

Boston  AthenjEuni, 

Library  of  the  late  John  Carter  Brown  (2), 

Library  of  the  late  George  Livermore, 

Mr.  Clarence  S.  Bement, 

Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther, 

Mr.  Frederick  F.  Thompson, 

Mr.  A.  S.  Werners, 

Bible  of  1663. 
British  Museum, 
Bodleian  Library, 
University  Library, 
Library  of  Duke  of  Devonshire, 
Library  of  Earl  of  Spencer, 
Glasgow  University, 
Trinity  College, 
Royal  Library, 
Royal  Library, 
Royal  Library, 
National  Library, 

376 


London,  Eng. 

London,  Eng. 

Oxford,  Eng. 

Leicester,  Eng. 

Edinburgh,  Scot. 

Glasgow,  Scot. 

Dublin,  Ire. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Providence,  R.  I. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Chicago,  111. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

College  Point,  N.  Y. 

London,  Eng. 

Oxforf'    Fng. 

Cambritlge,  Eng. 

("hatsworth,  Eng. 

Althorp,  Eng. 

Glasgow,  Scot. 

Iiublin,  Ire. 

Stuttgart,  Ger. 

Berlin,  Ger. 

Copenhagen,  Den. 

Paris,  Fra. 


Appendix. 


377 


Zealand  Acailemy  of  Science, 

University  of  Virginia, 

Brown  University, 

Harvard  University, 

Bowdoin  College, 

Library  of  Congress  (2), 

Lenox  Library  (2), 

Andover  Theological  Seminary, 

Astor  Library, 

American  Antiquarian  Society, 

Boston  Athenxum, 

Boston  Public  Library, 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 

Philadelphia  Library  Company, 

Congregational  Church, 

William  Everett,  Ph.D., 

Library  of  the  late  George  Livermore, 

J.  Hammond  Trumbull,  LL.D., 

Library  of  the  late  Joseph  W.  Drexel, 

Mr.  Theodore  Irwin, 

Mr.  John  Lyon  Gardiner, 

Mrs.  Laura  Eliot  Cutter, 

Library  of  the  late  Charles  H.  Kalbfleisch, 

Mr.  J.  Pierpont  Morgan, 

Library  of  the  late  John  Carter  Brown, 

Mr.  E.  P.  Vining, 

Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther, 

Mr.  Frederick  F.  Thompson, 

Mr.  Sumner  Hollingsworth, 

Mr.  Charles  R,  Hildeburn, 


Middleburg,  HoU. 

Charlottesville,  Va. 

Providence,  R.  I. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Brunswick,  Me. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Andover,  Mass. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Worcester,  Mass. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Newport,  R.  I. 

Quincy,  Mass. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Gardiner's  Island,  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Providence,  R.  I. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Chicago,  111.' 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Neiv  Testament  of  \(i%o. 


Mr.  W.  E.  Shillaber, 


Boston,  Mass. 


Bible  of  1685. 


•  British  Museum,  London,  Eng. 

*  Contains  the  original  dedication  to  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 


V 


378 


Appendix. 


British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
Bodleian  Library, 

*  Trinity  College, 
Library  of  Advocates, 
Edinburgh  University, 
Glasg:ow  University, 
National  Library, 
Royal  Library, 

*  Leyden  University, 
Prince  Stolberg  Library, 

*  Utrecht  University, 
Royal  Library, 

*  University  Library, 
Library  of  the  Earl  of  Spence 
Harvard  University, 
University  of  South  Carolina, 
Yale  College, 

Trinity  College, 
Morse  Institute, 
Bowdoin  College, 
Dartmouth  College  (2), 
Pilgrim  Society, 
Ph.-ilelphia  Library  Co.  (2), 

*  Andover  Theological  Seminary, 

*  Lenox  Library  (2), 

Long  Island  Historical  Society, 

*  Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
New  York  Historical  Society, 
Pennsylvania  Historical  Society, 
New  York  State  Library, 
American  Antiijuarian  Society  (2), 
American  Philosophical  Society  (2), 
Boston  Athenaeum  (2), 

*  Boston  Public  Library, 
Library  of  Congress, 


London,  Eng. 

Oxford,  Eng. 

Cambridge,  Eng. 

Edinburgh,  Scot. 

Edinburgh,  Scot. 

Glasgow,  Scot. 

Paris,  Era. 

Stuttgart,  Ger. 

Leyden,  Holl. 

Wernigcrode,  Ger. 

Utrecht,  Holl. 

Copenhagen,  Den. 

Copenhagen,  Den. 

Althorp,  Eng. 

Cambriilge,  Mass. 

Columbia,  S.  C. 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

Natick,  Mass. 

Brunswick,  Me. 

Hanover,  N.  H. 

Plynvjoth,  Mass, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Andover,  Mass. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn,  X.  Y. 

Boston,  M.ass. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Alliany,  N.  Y. 

Worcester,  Mass. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Boston,  Mass. 

Washington,  D.  C. 


*  Contains  the  original  dedication  to  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 


/• 


V 


Appendix. 


379 


Congregational  Library,  Boston,  Mass. 

Connecticut  Historical  Society  (2),  Hartford,  Conn. 
Rev.  John  F.  Hurst,  D.D.,  LL.D.,                        Washington,  1).  C. 

*  Dr.  Charles  R.  King,  Antlalusia,  Pa. 
Mr.  Levi  Z.  Lciter,  Chicago,  111. 
Library  of  the  late  George  Livermore,  Cambridge,  Muss. 
Dr.  Ellsworth  Eliot,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*  Library  of  the  late  Col.  Geo.  W.  Pratt,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
J.  Hammond  Trumbull,  LL.D,,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Mr.  Luciuj  L.  Hubbard  (2),  Cambriiige,  Mass. 
Mr.  L.  II.  Chubbuck,  Boston,  Mass. 
Mr.  Wilbcrforce  Eames,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

*  Library  of  the  late  John  Carter  Brown  (2),  Providence,  R.  L 
Library  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  M.  Dexter,  D.D.,  Boston,  M-ass. 
Mr.  Cornelius  Van<lerbilt,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther,  Chicago,  III. 
Mr.  \/.  B.  Shillaber,  Boston,  Mass. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Copies  owned  in  Europe 35 

Copies  wwned  in  the  United  States 90 

Total 125 


APPENDIX  E. 

Some  of  the  prices  paid  for  Eliot  Neio  Testaments  and  Bibles, 

Ne70  7\'stament  0/ idbi, 

Thompson  copy $340.00 

Benient  copy 610.00 

Lenox  Library  copy 700.00 

Bible  of  1663. 

Gunther  copy 250.00 

Drexel  copy 550.00 

Cutter  copy 900.00 

*  Contains  the  original  dedication  to  Hon.  Robert  Boyle. 


38o 


Appendix. 


W^i 


\\\ 


Morgan  copy $1,000.00 

Astor  Library  copy 1,125.00 

Hildeburn  copy 1,800.00 

Kalbfleisch  copy 2,900.00 

Bible  of  1685. 

Eames  copy 140.00 

Eliot  copy 230.00 

Shillaber  copy 280.00 

Trumbull  copy 325.00 

Chubbuck  copy 430.00 

Leiter  copy 500.00 

Vanderbilt  copy 550.00 

Penn.  Historical  Society  copy 590.00 

Brown  copy 950.00 


APPENDIX   F. 


List  of  mvners  of  the  Saur  Bibles  as  far  as  known. 


*  Ducal  Library, 
*City  Library, 

*  Royal  Library, 

*  Royal  Library, 

*  Royal  Library, 

*  Royal  Library, 

*  Grand  Dncal  Museum, 

*  Prince  Stolberg  Library, 
t  Dr.  J.  Haeberlin, 

*  Landts  Bibliothek. 

*  Duct,!  Libr.ary, 
Uoyal  Library, 
I'.arvitrd  University, 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 


Bible  of  1 743. 


Wolfenbiittel,  Ger. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Ger. 

Dresden,  Ger. 

Stuttgart,  Ger. 

Hanover,  Ger. 

Berlin,  Ger. 

Weimar,  Ger. 

Wernigerode,  Ger. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main,  Ger. 

Cassel,  Cier. 

Gotha,  Ger. 

Copenh.igen,  Den. 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

Boston,  Mass. 


*   Presentation  copy  from  Dr.  H.  E.  Luther, 
t  Dr.  H.  E.  Luther's  own  copy. 


I 

l' 


Appendix. 


381 


Lafayette  College, 

Yale  College, 

Library  of  Congress, 

Newberry  Library, 

Germania  Society, 

Historical  Society  (3), 

Lenox  Library, 

Chicago  Public  Library, 

Mr.  Theodore  Irwin, 

Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther, 

Rev.  John  F,  Hurst,  D.D.,  LL.D., 

Mr.  Howard  Edwards, 

Mr.  Abraham  G.  Cassel, 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  LL.D., 

*  Dr.  Ruppersburg,  In  United 

Mcnnonite  Church, 

Rev.  Daniel  L.  Miller, 

Rev.  W.  II.  Fishburn, 

Mr.  E.  Winfield  Scott  Parthniore, 

Mr.  Rudolph  F.  Kelker, 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Heilman, 

Mr.  George  P.  \V anger, 

Rev.  J.  P.  W.  Blattenberger,  D.D., 

Bible  o/l^6i. 
Lenox  Library, 
State  Library, 
Historical  Society  (2), 
Mr.  Howard  Edwards, 
Rev.  John  F.  Hurst,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther, 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  LL.D., 
Mr.  Abraham  G.  Cassel, 
Rev.  Jolin  Wright,  D.D., 
Rev.  Daniel  L.  Miller, 


Easton,  Pa. 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  111. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Chicago,  111. 

Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Chicago,  111. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Harleysville,  Pa. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

States,  but  place  unknown. 

Salftjrd,  Pa. 

Mount  Morris,  111. 

Chilicothe,  <). 

Harrisburg,  Pa. 

IIairisl)urg,  Pa. 

Lebanon,  Pa. 

Pottstown,  Pa. 

Bridesburg,  Pa. 


New  York,  N.  Y. 

Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Washington,  1).  C. 

Chicago,  111. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Harleysville,  Pa. 

St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Mount  Morris,  111. 


Presentation  copy  from  Dr.  H.  E.  Luther. 


* 

382 

Appendix. 

' 

1             "w 

Mr.  Abraham  Stauffer, 

Coopersburg, 

Pa. 

Mrs.  John  Snyder, 

Kulpsville, 

Pa. 

Mr.  George  P.  Wanger, 

Pottstown, 

Pa. 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Heilman, 

Lebanon, 

Pa. 

Mr.  Charles  M.  Kiefer, 

Middletown, 

Pa. 

Mr.  D.  W.  Shryock, 

Harrisburg, 

Pa. 

•■ 

Mennonite  Church, 

Bible  of  xiib. 

Hatfield, 

Pa. 

• 

Union  College, 

Schenectady,  N 

.  Y. 

Harvard  University, 

Cambridge,  M 

ass. 

Historical  Society  (3), 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

Historical  Society, 

New  York,  N 

.  Y. 

Long  Island  Historical  Society, 

Brooklyn,  N 

.  Y. 

Minnesota  Historical  Society, 

St.  Paul,  M 

inn. 

Lenox  Library, 

New  York,  N 

.  Y. 

I 

Philadelphia  Library  Company, 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

American  Bible  Society, 

New  York,  N 

.  Y. 

Friends'  Free  Library, 

Germantown, 

Pa. 

Rev.  John  F.  Hurst,  D.D 

..  LL.D.  (3), 

Washington,  D 

.  C. 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  LL.D., 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther, 

Chicago, 

111. 

Mr.  Howard  Edwards, 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

Mr.  Theodore  Ir»vin, 

Oswego,  N 

.  Y. 

Mr.  Abraham  G.  Cassel, 

Harleysville, 

Pa. 

Rev.  John  Wright,  D.D. 

(2), 

St.  Paul,  M 

inn. 

The  Sower  families,  40  copies  of  the  various 

editions. 

c 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

The  German  Society, 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

Rev.  Daniel  L.  Miller, 

Mount  Morris, 

111. 

Prof.  A.  R.  Home,  D.D. 

> 

Allentown, 

Pa. 

Reinhard  Keelor,  M.D., 

Harleysville, 

Pa. 

Antietam  Church, 

Waynesboro, 

Pa. 

Mr.  Clarence  S.  Dement, 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

\ 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Dotterer, 

Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

Miss  Deborah  Godshall, 

, 

Mainland, 

Pa. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Harley, 

« 

Salfordviiie, 

Pa. 

/■ 


Appendix. 


383 


Mr.  James  Rushow,  Harleysville,  Pa. 

Mr.  George  P.  Wanger,  Pottstown,  Pa. 

Mr.  J.  Stanford  Brown,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

RECAPITULATION, 

Copies  owned  in  Europe la 

Copies  owned  in  the  United  States 119 

Total 131 

APPENDIX  G. 

Some  of  the  prices  paid  for  the  Saur  Bible  ofiy^$, 

Newberry  Library  copy $50.00 

Irwin  copy 70.00 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society  copy 350.00 


APPENDIX   H. 

Prices  of  editions  of  the  Saitr  New  Testament. 
Edition  of  1745 $35-oo 

1 755 15-00 

1760 12.00 

1761   58.00 

1763 40.00 

1764 50.00 

1769 20.00 

1775 25-00 


APPENDIX  I. 

List  ofmvners  of  the  Aitken  Bible  as  far  as  known. 

British  Museum,  London,  Eng. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  Boston,  Mass. 

New  York  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


384 


Appendix. 


Library  of  Congress,  Wnshington,  D.  C. 

American  AiUi(|uarian  Society,  Worcester,  Mass. 

American  Hihle  S«)ciety,  New  York,  N.  V. 

Lenox  Lil  rary  (2),  New  Vorl<,  N.  Y. 

Maryland  I'-piscopal  Library,  Ikltimore,  Md. 

Connecticut  Historical  Society,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Philadelphia  Library  Company  (2),  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Sheldon  Art  Museum,  Middlebury,  Yt. 

Mr.  Abraham  (J.  Cassel,  Harleysville,  Pa. 

Mr.  Howard  Edwiirds,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mr.  William  Y.  McAllister,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hon.  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker,  LL.D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mr.  C.  F.  Gunther,  Chicago,  111. 

Rev.  John  F.  Hurst,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Washin^jtcm,  D.  C. 

Mr,  Alfred  Hitchin,  Leeds,  Eng. 

Mrs.  Mary  A.  IJradbury  (2),  Germantown,  Pa. 

Mr.  F.  Bourquin.  Camden,  N.  J. 

Tilr,  Theodore  Irwin,  Oswego,  X.  Y. 

Hon.  George  F.  Hoar,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Mr.  John  Joseph  McVey,  Philadelphia,  P.a. 

Miss  Eliza  Y.  McAllister,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

Rev.  John  Wright,  D.D.,  St.  P.iul,  Minn. 

Mr.  Georjre  P.  Philes,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mr.  William  H.  Smith,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mr.  William  Fisher  Lewis,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Copies  owned  in  England 2 

Copie'^  owned  in  the  United  States 30 

Total 32 

APPENDIX  J. 

Some  of  the  prices  paid  for  the  Aitken  Bible. 

Eliza  Y.  McAllister  copy $20.00 

Wright  copy 50.00 

Irwin  copy 300.00 

Library  of  Congress  copy   650.00 


V 


Appendix. 


385 


APPENDIX  K. 

Prices  of  editions  of  the  Aitken  New  Testament, 

Edition  of  1777 $25.00 

"      "1778 18.00 

"      "'779 20.00 

"      "  1781 45.00 


APPENDIX  L. 

A  calculation  of  the  number  of  hooks,  chapters,  verses,  words,  letters, 
ttCt  in  the  Old  and  A\-io  Testaments  and  the  Apocrypha. 

From  Brown^s  Self-Interpreting  Bible  of  1822. 

OLD  TEST.  NEW   TEST.  TOTAL. 

Books 39  37  66 

Clinpters 929  260  1, 189 

Verses 23,214  7,959  3I.I73 

Words 592,439  181, 153  773.592 

Letters 2,728,100  838,380  3,566,480 

Apocrypha. 

Chapters 183 

Verses 6,081 

Words 152,185 

The  middle  chapter  and  least  in  the  Bible  is  Psalm  one  hundred 
and  seventeen. 

The  middle  verse  is  the  eighth  of  the  one  hundred  and  eighteenth 
Psalm. 

The  middle  line  is  the  2d  of  Chronicles,  fourth  chapter,  sixteenth 
verse. 

The  word  "  and  "  occurs  in  the  Old  Testament  35,543  times. 

The  same  in  the  New  Testament  occurs  10,684  times. 

The  word  "  Jehovah  "  occurs  9,855  times. 


^i-'M 


m 

'•■K/l 


^>, 


Vi^. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


-^^  A^I^ 


1.0 


1.1 


121 


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Appendix. 


Old  Testament. 

The  middle  book  is  Proverbs. 

The  middle  chapter  is  Job  xxix. 

The  middle  verse  is  the  2d  of  Chronicles,  twentieth  chapter,  between 
the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  verses. 

The  least  verse  is  i  Chronicles,  the  first  verse  and  first  chapter. 

The  twenty-first  verse  of  the  seventh  chapter  of  Ezra  has  all  the 
letters  of  the  alphabet. 

The  nineteenth  chapter  of  the  2d  of  Kings  and  the  thirty-seventh  of 
Isaiah  are  alike. 

New  Testament. 

The  middle  book  is  the  2d  of  Thessalonians. 

The  middle  chapter  is  between  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  Romans. 

The  middle  verse  is  seventeenth  chapter  of  Acts,  seventeenth 
verse. 

The  least  verse  is  the  eleventh  chapter  of  John,  verse  thirty-five. 

APPENDIX   M. 

EDITIONS   OF  THE   BIBLE  AND    PARTS   THEREOF   PRINTED   IN   AMER- 
ICA, PRIOR  TO   THE  YEAR    1860,    THAT  ARE   NOT   MEN- 
TIONED  BY   DR.  O'CALLAGHAN. 

I761. 

German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.,  Christopher  Saur.     12°. 

1763- 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk:  Boston,  Richard  and  Samuel  Draper. 
Small  40. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  in  the  Delaware  Indian  language: 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  J.  Brandmiiller. 


1764. 
German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.,  Christopher  Saur.     12°. 

1767. 
Prayer  Book :  New  York,  James  Parker.     16°. 


Appendix. 


387 


1777. 

The  New  Testament  Commands :  Haverhill,  Mass.,  John  Maycall 

Williams.     8°. 

1780. 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk :  Quebec,  William  Brown,     12°. 

1784. 
German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.,  Leibert  &  Billmeyer.     16°. 

1785- 
Life  of  David :  T.  EUwood.     Philadelphia,  J.  Cruikshank.     i8<». 

1786. 
Prayer  Book :  Philadelphia,  Hall  &  Sellers.     12°. 

1787. 
German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     12°. 
German  Testament :  Ephrata,  Pa.     12°. 

Dissertation  on  the  Prophecies :  Bishop  Newton.     Elizabethtown, 
N.  J.,  Shepard  Kollock.     8°. 

1788. 
Proverbs :  Philadelphia,  Peter  Stewart.     16°. 

1789. 

Selectse  e  Veteri  Testamento  Historise:   Philadelphia,  B.  Franklin 
Bache.     16°. 

1791. 
German  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Charles  Cist.     12°. 
German  Psalter :  Philadelphia,  Charles  Cist.     16°. 

1792.  . 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Hodge  &  Campbell.     Royal  fol. 
New  Testament :   Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.     18°. 
Fleetwood's  Life  of  Christ.   2  vols.     Carlisle,  Pa.,  L.  Smith.     8^. 


^  1793- 

German  Psalter :  Ephrata,  Pa.     16°. 


V, 


388 


Appendix. 


1794. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     18°. 

1795- 

German  Testament :  Ephrata,  Pa.     12°. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord :  Paul  Wright, 
D.D.     Philadelphia,  Dunning  &  Hyer.     Fol. 

Morning  and  Evening  Prayer,  with  Psalter:  New  London,  Conn., 
Thomas  C.  Green.     12°. 

Selectae  e  Veteri,  etc. :   Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson.     16°. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord :  Paul  Wright, 
D.D.     New  York,  Birdsall  &  Menet.     Fol. 

1796. 

German  Psalter ;  Baltimore,  Samuel  Saur.     16°. 

German  Psalter:  Philadelphia,  Heinrich  Schweitzer.     16°. 

Dissertations  on  the  Prophecies :  Bishop  Newton.  Northampton, 
Mass.,  William  Butler.     %'^. 

Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel:  John  Macgowan.  Wilmington, 
DeL     16°. 

New  Testament:  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Bailey  &  Dickson.     12°. 

1797- 

Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel :  John  Macgowan.  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.     160. 

Life  of  David:  Thomas  EUwood;  Wilmington,  Del.,  Johnson  & 
Preston.     16°. 

Abridged  Bible  for  Children :  Wilmington,  Del.,  Peter  Brynberg. 
16°. 

A  Church  Covenant:  An  Epitome  of  Scripture.  By  Elkanah 
Holmes.     New  York,  John  Tiebout.     18°. 

1798. 
Scripture  Lessons  appointed  for  the  Episcopal  Church :  New  Bruns- 
wick, A.  Blauvelt.     8°. 

1799. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson.     Fol. 

1800. 
German  Testament :  Harrisburg,  Benj.  Mayer.     12°. 


V 


Appendix. 


389 


Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     12°, 
Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel :  John  Macgowan.     Richmond, 
Va.,  William  Pritchard.     16°. 

1801. 

New  Testament:  Octorara,  Pa.,  Francis  Bailey.     12°. 
Commentary  on  Romans :  Martin  Luther.     Philadelphia,  R.  Aitken. 

Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel:  John  Macgowan.    Worcester, 

Isaiah  Thomas.     16'^. 

Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel:  John  Macgowan.    Windsor,  Vt., 

Hahum  Mower.      18°. 

1802. 

New  Testament:  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co. 
Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia.     Printed  for  M.  Carey  by  Robert  Coch- 
ran.    \(P. 

1804. 

Ellwood's  Sacred  History.    3  vols.    Burlington,  N.  J.,  David  Alli- 
son.    12°. 

Beauties  of  the  Bible :  Ezra  Sampson.     Boston.     iS'^. 

1805. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  printed  by  Thomas  &  Andrews  for  J.  T. 
Buckingham.     18°. 

History  of  Elijah  and  Elisha:  John  Fry.     Stanford,  N.  Y.     16°. 


1806. 

Holy  Bible:  Baltimore,  Fielding  Lucas.     12°. 
Beauties  of  the  Bible:  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  W.  E.  Norman.     16°. 
New  Testament:  New  York,  Duyckinck  &  Miller.     16°. 
The  Trial  of  Virtue:   A  Paraphrase  on  the   Book  of  Job.     By 
Rev.  Chauncey  Lee.     Hartford,  Lincoln  &  Gleason.     12°. 

History  of  the  Holy  Jesus  :  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.     16°. 

1807. 
SelectsE  e  Veteri,  etc. :  Philadelphia,  Thomas  and  William  Bradford. 
1 60. 
Gaston's  Collection  of  Texts :  Philadelphia.     8°. 


390 


Appendix. 


History  of  the  Holy  Bible  Abridged :  Philadelphia,  T.  T.  Stiles.  18°. 
New  Testament:  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co.     12'^. 

1808. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  A.  Dickinson.     12°. 
Family  Expositor :  Doddridge's  Notes.     6  vols.     Charlestown,  S. 
Etheridge.     8°. 
German  Testament:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     12°. 
New  Testament:  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co.     18°. 


1809. 


12°. 

Joseph  Galloway. 


2  vols. 


Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey. 

Brief  Commentaries    on    Revelation ; 
Trenton,  N.  J.     12°. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     18°. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     Royal  8°. 

New  Testament  Stories  and  Parables  for  Children :  New  Haven, 
Sidney's  Press.     16°. 

1810. 

• 

German  Testament:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     12°. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  D.  Fraser.     4°. 
German  Testament:  Philadelphia,  G.  W.  Mentz.     12°. 
The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord :  Paul  Wright, 
D.D.     2  vols.     Trenton,  N.  J.,  Daniel  Fenton.     8°. 
New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  A.  Dickinson.     12°. 

1811. 

German  Psalter  :  Germantown,  Pa.     24°. 
French  Testament:  Boston,  Chez  Les  Libraries  Associds.     12°. 
Owen's  Exposition  on  Hebrews.     4  vols.     Boston.     8°. 
Selectse  e  Veteri,  etc. :  New  York,  T.  &  J.  Swords.     16°. 
New  Testament:  Wilmington,  Del.,  Peter  Brynberg.     12°. 
German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.     12°. 


1812. 

German  Psalter :  Philadelphia,  Jacob  Meyer. 
New  Testament :  Baltimore,  Fielding  Lucas. 


16°. 

24°. 


Appendix. 


39» 


8°. 


S. 


ols. 


ran, 


ght, 


Holy  Bible :  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     18°. 

Bible  Stories :  Wilmington,  Del.,  William  Scolfield.     33°. 

Easy  Introduction  to  Hebrew :  Philadelphia.     8°. 

Beauties  of  the  Bible :  W.  E.  Norman.     Hudson,  N.  Y.     18°. 

1813. 
New  Testament:  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  John  Shryock.     12°. 
New  Testament :  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12°. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     I2<^. 
Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia  and  Trenton.     4°. 
New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Benjamin  &  Thomas  Kite.     I2<^. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  W.  Mercein.     12°. 

1814. 

Newcome's  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek:  Andover,  Mass., 
Flagg  &  Gould.     Fourth  edition,  4°. 
French  Testament :  Philadelphia,  J.  Bouvier.     12°. 

1815. 

New  Testament :  Lancaster,  Pa.     16°. 

German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.,  G.  &  D.  Billmeyer.     16°. 
New  Hieroglyphic  Bible  for  Children :  New  York,  S.  Wood  &  Sons. 
16°. 
German  Psalter :  Philadelphia,  G.  &  D.  Billmeyer. .    itP. 
Hebrew  Bible :  Incomplete.     New  York,  Whiting  &  Watson.    8°. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12°. 

1816. 

Holy  Bible,with  Scott's  Notes:  Philadelphia,  W.W.Woodward.  8°. 
Compendium  of  the  Bible :  Rodolphus  Dickinson.    Deeriield,  Mass. 

12°. 

German  Psalter :  Philadelphia.     24°. 
New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     16°. 
Holy  Bible :  Doddridge's  Notes.     Philadelphia.     8°. 
Holy  Bible :  Hudson,  N.  Y.     8°. 
Holy  Bible :  Boston.     8°. 

Compendium  of  the  Bible :  Rodolphus  Dickinson.   Greenfield,  Mass. 
12°. 


392 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible:  Boston.     12°. 

New  Testament :  Trenton,  Isaac  Collins. 

1817. 


160. 


160. 


lao. 


New  Testament :  New  York,  Collins  &  Co. 

Holy  Bible:  Hudson,  N.  Y.     80. 

Compendium  of  the  Bible :  R.  Dickinson,  Greenfield,  Mass. 

Holy  Bible:  Trenton,  D.  &  E.  Fenton.     4°. 

New  Testament:  Bridgeport,  Conn.     12°. 

An  Index  to  the  Bible:  Philadelphia.     12*^. 

Holy  Bible:  Brattleborough,  Vt.,  J.  Holbrook.     4°. 

1818. 

New  Testament :  Wilmington,  Del.,  Robt.  Porter.     12°. 
New  Testament :  Pittsburg,  Patterson  &  Lambden.     12°. 
Gaston's  Collection  of  Texts :  Fredericktown,  Md.,  Geo.  Kolb.    18°. 
The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord :  Paul  Wright, 
D.D.     Winchester,  Va.,  J.  Foster.     Fol. 

1819. 

German  Testament:  New  Berlin,  Pa.,  Miller  &  Michel.     12°. 
New  Testament:  Brattleborough,  Vt.,  J.  Holbrook.     12°. 
Hymns  and  portion  of  St.  John's  Gospel  in  Seneca :  Buffalo,  H.  A. 
Salisbury.     16°. 

1820. 
New  Testament :  Utica,  William  Williams.     18°. 
New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz.     12°. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 
Fleetwood's  Life  of  Christ :  New  York.     4°. 
Holy  Bible :  Baltimore.     Fol. 

1821. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  George  Long.    12°. 
German  Testament:  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Johann  Bar.     12°. 


1822. 

Greek  Testament :  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke. 
Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Co.     18°. 


12°. 


Appendix. 


393 


Holy  Bible :  John  Brown.     Boston,  S.  Walker.     Fol. 
Holy  Bible :  Lunenburg,  Edmund  Gushing.     4°. 

1823. 
New  Testament  in  Greek  and  English:  Philadelphia,  A.  Small. 
MO. 
Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  W.  Fry.     12°. 
Spanish  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12°. 


1834. 
New  Testament  in  Greek  and  I^atin :  New  York,  Collins  &  Hanney. 
12°. 
New  Testament:  Albany,  Websters  &  Skinners.     12°. 
New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Marot  &  Walker.     12°. 

1825. 
Greek  Testament:  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke.     12°. 

1826. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     24°. 

German  Psalter:  Lancaster,  Pa.     16°. 

German  Testament:  Carlisle,  Pa.     16°. 

New  Testament:  Brooke  County,  V*a.,  Alex.  Campbell.     8°. 

1827. 

New  Testament:  Concord,  N.  H.,  John  H.  Putnam.     \^''. 
St.  Luke's  Gospel  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  A.  Hoyt.     ?•  \ 
New  Testament :  Elizabethtown,  Mervin  Hale.     12°. 
German  Testament:  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Moser  &  Peters.     l6°. 
Holy  Bible :  John  Brown.     New  York,  J.  Kinnersly.     Fol. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York.     24O. 

Portions  of  the  Bible  in  Choctaw :  Cincinnati,  Morgan,  Lodge  & 
Fisher.     16°. 

1828. 

'  Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Henry  Hudson.     12°. 
German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     16°. 


394 


Appendix. 


New  Testament :  ConcortJ,  N.  H.,  Luther  Roby.     34*^. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia.  For  the  Bible  Society  at  Philadel- 
phia.    \i^. 

An  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament.  By  Rev.  Timothy  Kenrick. 
3  vols.     Boston.     8°. 

New  Testament :  Albany,  J.  Goodrich.     12°. 


1839. 

Hebrew  Chrestomathy.     By  M.  Stuart.     Andover.     8°. 

Greek  Testament:  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke.     13°. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  New  Echota,  Cherokee  Mission 
Press.     24^. 

Part  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,  Can.,  Chris- 
tian  Advocate  Office.     8-^. 

Part  of  the  New  Testament  in  Chippewa:  York,    U. 'C.    Gazette 

Office.     iP. 

1830. 

German  Testament :  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Gustav  C.  Peters.     13°. 
French  Bible :  New  York.     1 2^\ 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Bible  and  Common  Prayer  Book  Society. 
13°. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston.     8-\ 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     8^. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia.     32^. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  stereotyped  by  D.  &  G.  Bruce.     13°. 

1831. 
Psalms :  A  New  Version.     By  G.  P.  Noyes.     Boston.     12°. 
Latin  and  Spanish  Bible.    26  vols.     Mexico,  Mariano  Galvan.   ip. 
Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan.      12°. 
New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  Collins  &  Hanney. 

12°. 

French  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     18°. 
St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Chippewa:  York,  Can.,  Colonial  Advocate 
Office.     8°. 

Apocalypse :  Notes  by  D.  N.  Lord.     New  York.     8°. 
The  Family  Expositor :  Dr.  Doddridge.     New  York.     8°. 


Appendix. 


395 


Port  of  GciiCHis  in  Choctaw :  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Williiiin  Williuins.    24^'. 
Gospels  of  St.  Luke,  St.  John,  and  part  of  St.  Mark  in  Choctaw : 
Utica,  William  WilliuiiiH.     ib"-'. 
French  Uible:  New  York,  American  Dilile  Society.     13'^. 

1832. 

Sacred  Writings :  A.  Campbell.     Bethany,  Va.     8°. 
French  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     18°. 
New  Testament :  Baltimore,  V.  I.ucas.     32^. 
New  Testament :  New  York,  John  C.  Kiker.     24°. 
Holy  Bible :  Boston,  Charles  Caylord.     8^. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     Fol. 
French  Bible:  New  York,  American  Biiile  Society.      13°. 
New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  J.  Ilarmstead.     16". 

1833. 

Holy  Bible :  Cincinnati.     40. 

Acts  in  Cherokee :  New  Kchota.     24*^. 

Ojibwa  Speilinjj  Book  with  (lospcl  Stories :  Utica,  C.  Tracy.     180. 

Greek  Testament:  IMiiladelphin,  Townr,  IIot;an&  Thompson.     12*^. 

Tart  of  the  Ninth  Chapter  of  denesis  in  t'hippcwa :  York,  Can.    8'^. 

Key  to  Revelation :  Llkan  Smith.     New  York.     8'^. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia  and  Tuscumbin,  Ala.,  Ilogan  & 
Thompson.     8". 

Holy  Bible:  Concord,  N.  H.,  Coffin,  Roby,  Hoag  &  Co.     180. 

Commentary  on  the  Holy  Bible :  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  6  vols.  Phila- 
delphia.    8^. 

Hebrews  :  Notes  by  M.  Stuart.     2  vols.     Andover.     8*^. 

1834. 

Holy  Bible:  Brattleborough,  Vt.,  Peck  &  Wood.     4°. 
First  Corinthians  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  McLlrath  &  Bangs.    16°. 
Acts  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  McKIratli  &  Bangs.      12". 
Child's  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Fisher  &  Bro.    64^. 
Epitome  of  Sacred  History:  New  York.     16°. 
Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Commentary.     5  vols.     New  York,  N.  &  J. 
White.     4'^. 


396 


Appendix. 


I'olyylot  Bible :  Brattlebornugh,  Vt.     80. 

Newcome's  tlarmony  of  the  UoHpcls  in  Greek:  Amlover,  Maai., 
Gould  &  Newman.     8^. 

The  Cottage  Hihle  ami  Family  Expositor.  Edited  by  Rev.  William 
Pntton.     J  vols.      Hartford.     8'-\ 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith,     ffi, 

1835- 

The  Apocalypse  Revealed.     3  vols.     Boston,  Otis  Clapp.     13°. 

Ephesians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     la'^. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  B.  &  S.  Collins. 
I  a'-. 

Commentary  on  the  Epistles.  By  Dr.  Macknight.  I'hiladelphia. 
80. 

Ojibwa  Spelling  Book  with  Gospel  Stories :  Boston,  Crocker  & 
Brewster.     la'^. 

Spanish  Bible.      17  vols.     Mexico,  Mariano  Galvan.     16°. 

Comprehensive  Commentary  on  the  Holy  Bible :  W.  Jenks.  6  vols. 
Brattleborough,  Vt.     8^. 

Miniature  of  the  Holy  Bible :  Sanbornton,  N.  H.     130O. 

1836. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Shawanoe:  Indian  Territory,  Shawanoe 
Baptist  Mission  Press.     16"^. 

First  Corinthians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12°. 

Philippians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12°. 

Colossians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12°. 

Thessalonians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12°. 

Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates. 
12*^. 

Epistle  to  St.  Titus  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12". 

Epistle  to  St.  Philemon  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates. 

12'^. 

Hebrews  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12'^. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.    12*^. 

German  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Mentz  &  Son.     Small  4^^. 


I  \ 


Appendix, 


397 


Holy  Hible:  Ilnrtfonl,  White,  Dueur  &  Co.     4'. 

rhilippinns :  Dr.   i:a»tl)urn.      New  York,  (1.  iV  C.  Cnrvill  &  Co. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  ami  Latin :  New  Vurk,  Culliniii  Kectu  St. 
Co.      1 2^\ 

Revelation  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk.      16°, 

St.  Juile'H  Kpistle  in  Mohawk.     16^'. 

St.  John'.H  CioHpel  in  Muhawk :  New  York,  Youni;  Men's  Uible 
Society.     16°. 

Commentary  <m  Gospel  of  St.  John :  Doston.     16^^, 

New  Testament :  New  York,  J.  C.  Kiker.     18°. 

Epistle  of  St.  James,  First  ami  Sec<m<l  Kpistles  of  St.  Peter,  and 
First  Kpistle  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk.      l6^\ 

St.  John's  Second  F^pistle  in  Mohawk.     l6^, 

St.  John's  Third  Kpistle  in  Mohawk.      \tP. 

1837. 

Life  of  Our  Lord  in  the  very  words  of  Scripture:  Shawanoe  Mis- 
sion I'ress.      12"^. 

St.  Luke's  (iospel  in  Chippewa:  Hoston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
lao. 

Holy  IJihle:  Clarenumt,  N.  H.,  Claremont  Manf.  Co.     la". 

Biblical  Analysis :  J.  W.  Parsons.  Bostim,  Whipple  &  Darnell. 
la'J. 

Indian  Prayer  Book  in  the  Language  of  the  Six  Nations.  By  Rev. 
Solomon  Davis.     New  York,  Swonls,  Stanford  &  Co.     la'-'. 

1838. 

Acts  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.      I2'\ 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     la". 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     2\^. 

Ottawa  First  Book :  Portion  of  St.  Luke :  Shawanoe  Mission. 
24*^. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Hoswell,  Barrington  &  Haswcll. 
lao. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Perkins  & 
Marvin.     32'-'. 


398 


Appendix. 


New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  Collins,  Keese  & 
Co.,  and  W.  E.  Dean,     12°. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Haswell,  Barrington  &  Haswell. 
32°. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  A.  Dickinson.     12°. 

Psalms  :  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     8°. 

Forty-six  Select  Scripture  Narratives  from  the  Old  Testament  in 
Delaware  Indian  :  New  York,  D.  Fanshaw.     12°. 


1839. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster,   ir.'^. 

New  Testament:  Baltiiiiore,  Armstrong  &  Berry.     12^. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.    24°. 

Part  of  Genesis  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.     160. 

Parts  of  Genesis,  Daniel,  Proverbs,  and  Psalms  in  Dakota.     24°. 

Parts  of  St.  Matthew,  St.  Luke,  St.  John,  the  Acts,  and  First  Epis- 
tle of  St.  John  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.     240. 

St.  Mark's  Gospel  and  other  parts  of  the  New  Testament  in  Dakota : 
Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.     24°. 

Acts  in  Choctaw :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     1 2°. 

The  Comprehensive  Bible :  New  York,  Robinson  &  Franklin.     4°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Perkins 
&  Marvin.     32^. 

French  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12°. 

Sacred  Writings:  Alex.  Campbell.  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Forrester  & 
Campbell.     8^. 

Notes  on  the  Gospels.  By  Albert  Barnes.  2  vols.  New  York, 
Homer  Franklin.     12°. 

History  of  Joseph  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Henry.     16^. 


1840. 

Isaiah :  Notes  by  Rev.  Albert  Barnes.     3  vols.     Boston.     12°. 
St.  John's  Epistles  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 
St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 
St.  Matthew's  and  St.  Mark's  Gospels  in  German :  Lebanon,  Pa.    12"^. 
Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4'-'. 


Appendix. 


399 


Holy  Bible :  Commentary  by  Adam  Clarke.  New  York.  6  vols. 
Royal  8'=. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.   I2°. 

The  Book  of  Psalms,  translated  into  verse  by  George  Burgess :  New 
York.      I20. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  II.  Perkins  ;  Boston,  Perkins 
&  Marvin.     32°. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Joseph  McDowell.     12*^. 

Polyglot  Bible:  Boston,  Charles  Gaylord  &  William  O.  Blake.     4°. 

Polyglot  Bible:  Brattleborough  Typographic  Co.,  Brattleborough. 


12^ 


184I. 


The  Cottage  Bible.  2  vols.   Hartford,  Case,  Tiffany  &  Burnham.  8*^, 

St.  John's  Epistles  in  Chahta:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24^. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

New  Testament  in  Ottawa:  Shawanoe  Mission  Press,     idfi. 

Polymicrian  Testament:  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Ives  & 
Dennet.     32°. 

Exodus:  Notes  by  George  Bush.     2  vols.     Boston.     12°. 

Exposition  of  the  Pentateuch.  By  Rev,  Henry  Blunt.  Phila- 
delphia, Hooper  &  Agnew,     12'^. 


1842. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Shawanoe:  Shawanoe  Baptist  Mission 
Press. 

Acts  in  Cherokee:  P.irk  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

Genesis  and  part  of  the  Psalms  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati,  Kendall  & 
Barnard.     160. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Clioctaw:  Boston,  Crock  r  &  Brewster. 

12°. 

Greek  Testament :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow. 
Greek  Testament :  Boston,  Crocker  iS:  Brewster. 
Greek  Testament :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen. 
St.  John's  Gospel  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati.     12°. 
Dew  Drops:  Selection  of  Texts.    New  York,  American  Tract  Soci- 
ety.    130'^. 


12^. 

12°. 

12°. 


400 


Appendix. 


Second  Dakota  Reading  Book :  Stories  from  the  Old  Testament  in 
Santee:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     i6°. 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk.  By  Rev.  A.  Nelles.  Hamilton,  Ruth- 
ven's  Book  and  Job  Office.     S'^. 

1843. 

St.  John's  Epistles  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24'^. 

St.  Luke's  and  St.  John's  Gospels  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati^  Kendall 
&  Barnard.     12^^. 

St.  James's  Epistle  in  Choctaw:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

St.  Paul's  Epistles,  the  Acts,  and  Revelation  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati, 
Kendall  &  Barnard.     12". 

St.  Luke's  and  St.  John's  Gospels  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati,  Kendall 
&  Barnard.     12°. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves.     8*^. 

French  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     24°. 

Philippians :  Notes  by  Jean  Daille.     Philadelphia.     8°. 


1844. 

Part  of  Revelation  in  Choctaw :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.   24*^. 

Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press. 
240. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves.     32°. 

Greek  Testament:  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12'^. 

German  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.      12°. 

Expository  Notes  on  the  New  Testament.  By  William  Burkitt. 
2  vols.     Philadelphia.     8^. 

St.  Mar!:'s  Gospel  in  Abnaki:  Montreal,  Can.     12°. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Ottawa:  Shawanoe.     16*2 • 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa.     16°. 

Commentary  on  the  New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Carey  &  Hart. 
4  vols.     40. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Isaac  M.  Moss.     4°. 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 
12°. 

Romans :  Notes  by  Dr.  Chalmers.    New  York,  Robert  Carter.    8*3. 


Appendix. 


401 


12°. 

New  York, 


Joshua  and  Judges :  Notes  by  George  Bush.     Boston 
Hyponoia;  or,  Thoughts  on  the  Book  of  Revelation 
Leavitt,  Trow  &  Co.     8^^. 

Acts:  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.     Boston.     12°. 
Polyglot  Bible :  Springfield,  G.  &  C.  Merriam.     32°. 

1845. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Choctaw :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster 
St.  Mark's  Gospel  in  Choctaw :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
St.  Luke's  Gospel  in  Choctaw :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
St.  John's  Gospel  in  Choctaw :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 


80. 

12°. 
12°. 
12°. 


New  Testament  Commentary :  Rev.  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  Philadel- 
phia.    80. 

Greek  Testament:  New  York,  J.  C.  Riker.  4°.  Same  edition 
printed  on  one  side  of  page.     4°. 

The  Apocalypse :  Notes  by  Moses  Stuart.  2  vols.  Andover,  Allen, 
Morrill  &  Woodwell.     8°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.   8°. 

Polyglot  Bible:  Franklin,  N.  H.  Peabody  &  Daniel.     12°. 

Notes  on  the  Gospels.  By  Joseph  Longking.  2  vols.  New  York, 
G.  Lane  &  C.  B.  Tippett.     iS*^. 

Scripture  Manual:  Charles  Simmons,  New  York.     12°. 

1846. 

Genesis :  Notes  by  Dr.  Turner.     New  York.     8°. 

Isaiah :  Notes  by  Dr.  Alexander.     2  vols.     New  York.     8°. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Philadelphia.     4°. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     4°. 

Ojibwa  Spelling  Book  with   Gospel  Stories :    Boston,  Crocker  & 

Brewster.     16^. 

1847. 

The  Gospels  :  Notes  by  Rev.  Albert  Barnes.     New  York.     12°. 
Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4°. 
St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24^. 
St.  James's  Epistle  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24°. 
Greek  Testament:  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     12°. 
New  Testament  Commentary :  Rev.  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.    PhiladeU 
phia.     8°. 


V. 


402 


Appendix. 


Proverbs :  Notes  by  Rev.  Charles  Bridges.     New  York.     8°. 

Collectanea  Evangelica  in  Greek :  Baltimore,  Cashing  &  Bro.  i6°. 
Second  edition  of  the  same.     16°. 

Gospels  and  the  Acts  in  Greek :  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     12°. 

The  Apocalypse :  Notes  by  David  N.  Lord.  New  York,  Harper 
&  Bros.     8°. 

Acts:  Notes  by  Rev.  A.  Barnes.     New  York.     13°. 

1848. 

St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark :  Sumner's  Notes.  New  York,  Robert 
Carter.     12°. 

St.  Peter's  Epistles  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

St.  John's  Epistles  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

Ephesians  in  Cherokee :  Cherokee  Baptist  Mission  Press.     24°. 

Acts  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24"^. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.     32°. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Benjamin 
Perkins.     8°. 

Greek  Testament :  Boston,  B.  Perkins ;  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.  8°. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins ;  Boston,  Perkins  & 
Marvin.     8°. 

Greek  Testament :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow.     12°. 

Greek  Testament.     2  vols.     Philadelphia,  Henry  Perkins.     8°. 

Exposition  of  Book  of  Revelation.  By  William  L.  Roy.  New 
York,  D.  Fanshaw.     80. 

Cottage  Polyglot  Testament:  Hartford,  Sumner  &  Goodman.     12°. 

1849. 

Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press. 
240. 

Holy  Bible :  Auburn.     40. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°. 

CoUecteana  Evangelica  in  Greek :  New  York,  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 
1 60. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     4°. 

Book  of  Psalms :  Commentary  by  Rev.  George  Home,  D.D.  New 
York,  Robert  Carter  &  Bros.     8°. 


V 


rt 


in 


& 


w 


s. 


o. 


:w 


Appendi:. 


1850. 


403 


Job :  New  Version.     By  G.  P.  Noyes.     Boston.     12°. 

Greek  Testament :  Dr.  Bloomfield's  Notes.     New  York.     8°. 

St.  James's  Epistle  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24°. 

St.  Luke's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.     32°. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.    24°. 

Acts  in  Greek:  New  York,  J.  Leavitt.     12°. 

The  Four  Gospels :  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.  Boston,  James 
Monroe  &  Co.     2  vols.     12°. 

New  Testament :  New  York.     12°. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  New  York  Bible  and  Common  Prayer 
Book  Society.     8°. 

New  Testament  in  German  and  English:  New  York,  American 
Bible  Society.     12°. 

Daniel :  Notes  by  M.  Stuart.     Boston.     8°. 

Daniel :  Notes  by  Rev.  A.  Barnes.     New  York.     12°. 

Portion  of  St.  Matthew  in  Iowa :  Mission  Press.     16°. 

1851. 

The  Four  Gospels :  Notes  by  Abiel  A.  Livermore.  2  vols.  Bos- 
ton, James  Monroe  &  Co.     12°. 

Exposition  of  Ephesians :  Dr.  Leyburn.     New  York.     12°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  J.  Crocker.     8°. 

Ecclesiastes :  Notes  by  Professor  Moses  Stuart.    New  York.     12°. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  W.  E.  Dean.     12°. 

The  Epistles  and  Gospels  for  Sundays  and  Principal  Festivals : 
Boston,  Patrick  Donahoe.     32°. 

Apocalypse :  Notes  by  M.  Stuart.     2  vols.     New  York.     8°. 

Philippians :  Notes  by  Dr.  Neander.     New  York.     8°. 

Romans:  Notes  by  Rev.  A.  Barnes.     New  York.     12°. 

1852. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cree :  York  Factory,  Hudson  Bay.     8°. 
Hebrews  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords. 
80. 


V 


404 


Appendix, 


Book  of  Proverbs:  ^otes  by  Professor  Stuart.     New  York.     12°. 

Judges :  Notes  by  George  Bush.     New  York.     12°. 

The  Friend  of  Moses ;  or,  A  Defense  of  the  Pentateuch :  Dr.  Ham- 
ilton.     New  York.     8°. 

Greek  Testament :  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     12°. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°. 

Acts  in  Greek:  New  York,  J.  Leavitt.     12°. 

Scripture  Histories  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  in  Chippewa : 
Detroit  Daily  Tribune  and  Job  Print.     16°. 

Lectures  on  the  Apocalypse :  Dr.  Wordsworth.  Philadelphia,  Her- 
man Hooker.    8°. 

New  Testament  in  Swedish  and  English:  New  York,  American 
Bible  Society.     12°. 

Genesis:  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     2  vols.     12°. 

X.eviticus  :  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     2  vols.     12°. 

Exodus :  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     2  vols.     12°. 

Joshua:  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     12°. 

Hebrew  Lyrical  Poetry  or  Select  Psalms :  T.  Bulfinch.    Boston.    8°. 

St.  James :  Notes  by  Dr.  Neander.     New  York.     12°. 


8°. 


1853. 

Daniel :  Notes  by  Albert  Barnes.     New  York.     12°. 

Exodus  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser.     32°. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
3. 

Romans  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords. 
8°. 

West's  Analysis :  New  York.     8°. 

The  Gospels  for  Sundays  and  Principal  Festivals :  Dubuque,  la. 

A  Manual  of  Scripture :  North  Wrentham,  Mass.,  Charles  Simmons. 
12°. 

Psalms :  Notes  by  Dr.  Alexander.     3  vols.     New  York.     8°. 

Prayer  Book  in  Ojibwa:  Toronto,  Henry  Rowsell.     12°. 

Prayer  Book  and  Psalms  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Tract  Society.     16^. 


Appendix. 


405 


1854. 

Life  of  St.  John :  A  Comment  on  St.  John's  Gospel :  Bishop  Lee. 
New  York.     12°. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  George  Virtue.    4°. 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa:  Toronto,  Henry  Rowsell.     8°. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Micmac:  Halifax,  N.  S.,  W.  Cunnabell.     12°. 

Sabbath  Morning  Readings :  Dr.  Gumming.  Boston,  John  P.  Jew- 
ett  &  Co.     12°. 

Greek  Testament:  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     12°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser.     32°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek:  New  York,  J.  C.  Riker.     12''. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.     12°. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser.     8°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek:  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros. 
12". 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theodore  Bliss.    8°. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Barrington  &  Has  well.    12°. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill.     24°. 

Danish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 

1855- 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°. 

St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Muskokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.    24°. 

Second  Book  of  Kings  in  Choctaw:  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     12°. 

First  Three  Chapters  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Greek  and  Eng- 
lish :  New  York,  American  Bible  Union.     4°. 

Notes  on  the  Gospels.     By  Rev.  Albert  Barnes.    New  York.     12°. 

The  Four  Gospels :  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.  Boston,  James 
Monroe  &  Co.     2  vols.     12°. 

Romans :  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.     Boston.     12^. 

Plain  Commentary  on  the  Holy  Gospels.  2  vols.  Philadelphia, 
Herman  Hooker.     8°. 

Life  and  Epistles  of  St.  Paul.  2  vols.  Conybeare  &  Howson. 
New  York,  Charles  Scribner.     8°. 

Hebrews  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords.    8°. 

Romans  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords.    8°. 


4o6 


Appendix. 


Greek  Testament:  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     12°. 
Sabbath  Evening  Readings:  Dr.   Gumming.      Boston,  John  P. 
Jewett  &  Co.     12°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theodore  Bliss. 

32°. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co. 
130. 

Romans :  Notes  by  Dr.  Hodge.     Philadelphia.     12°. 

Meditations  on  the  Beatitudes :  Philadelphia.     8°. 

1856. 

German  Testament  and  Psalms :  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.    Royal  2P. 

Psalms :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     Royal  8°. 

Genesis  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.     24°. 

Psalms  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,  H.  Rowsell.     12°. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cree:  York  Factory,  Hudson  Bay.     8°. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theodore  Bliss. 

33°. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott.     8°. 

New  Testament  in  Greek  and  English:  Geneva,  111.,  B.  Wilson. 
12°. 

Ephesians :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hodge.  New  York,  Robert  Carter 
&  Bros.     8°. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     4°. 

French  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 

Ecclesiastes :  Notes  by  Dr.  Macdonald.     New  York.     12°. 

St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark:  Notes  by  Rev.  Richard  Watson.  New 
York.     80. 

Ephesians  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Dana  &  Co.     8°. 

Acts  in  Greek:  New  York,  J.  Leavitt.     12^. 

Hebrews  in  Greek :  With  Commentary  by  Rev.  Dr.  Sampson.  New 
York,  Robert  Carter  &  Bros.     8°. 

1857. 
Notes  on  the  Gospels.     By  Rev.  Charles  H.  Hall.     2  vols.     New 
York.     12°. 


V 


Appendix. 


407 


St.  John's  Gospel  in  Cree :  Rossville  Mission  Press.     8°. 
Epistles  of  the  New  Testament  in  Cree :  Rossville  Mission  Press. 


80. 


Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Peck  &  Bliss.     40. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier.     40. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 

8". 

Portuguese  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 
German  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 
Acts  :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander.     2  vols.    New  York,  Charles 
Scribner.     12°. 

1858. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.     6  vols.     Philadelphia.     Royal  8°. 

Corinthians,  Galatians,  and  Ephesians  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill,  Mis- 
sion Press.     24°. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     16°. 

Romans  in  Greek  and  English :  Notes  by  Dr.  Turner.  New  York. 
80. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     4°. 

Acts :  Notes  by  Dr.  Hackett.     Boston.     8°. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°. 

Psalms :  Notes  by  Dr.  Tholuck.  Philadelphia,  William  S.  &  Alfred 
Martien.     8®. 

Hebrews :  New  York,  American  Bible  Union.     4°. 

1859. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     4"^. 

Colossians :  With  Lectures  by  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  Wilson.  New  York. 
12°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
8°. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek:  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros. 

Job :  Barnes's  Notes.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     12°. 
Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott.     I2°. 


H 


408 


Appendix. 


New  Testament  in  Greek  and  Latin :  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippin> 
cott.     la*^. 
Greek  Testament:  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     120. 
Old  Testament  Stories  in  Algonquian:  Montreal.     iS'^. 
Isaiah:  Barnes's  Notes.     2  vols.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen. 

The  Four  Gospels  in  Cree :  Moose  Fort,  Hudson  Bay.     16°. 

Acts:  Dr.  Jacobus.  Philadelphia,  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publi- 
cation.     12°. 

Acts:  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hackett.  Boston,  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
80. 

Isaiah :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander.  2  vols.  New  York,  John 
Wiley.    8°. 

Scriptural  Expositions :  Dr.  Neander.  New  York,  Sheldon  &  Co. 
8-\ 

Gospel  of  St.  John :  Commentary  by  Dr.  Tholuck.  Philadelphia, 
Smith,  English  &  Co.     80. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     18°. 

St.  Mark's  Gospel  in  Cherokee:  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24*^. 

St.  Jude's  Epistle  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 
24^. 

Epistle  to  the  Romans  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24°. 

Epistle  to  the  Philippians  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24*^. 

Epistle  to  St.  Titus  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.    240. 

The  Epistles  of  St.  Peter  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24°. 

The  Epistles  of  St.  John  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24°. 

Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24°. 

Revelation  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.    24°. 

*,*  The  last  nine  books  are  without  date,  but  1859  is  considered 
the  year  of  publication. 


Appendix, 


409 


APPENDIX  N. 

LIST  OF  PRICES  OBTAINED   KuR  AMERICAN   EDITIONS  OP  THE 

SCRIPTURES.* 


1678. 

The   Harmony  of  the  Gospels.     By  John   Eliot.     Boston,  John 

Foster.     Small  4°,  $275.00. 

1707. 

St.  John  (chapter  i.,  vs.  1-28)  in  Indian  and  English:  Boston. 
Reprinted  by  B.  Green.     12^,  $250.00. 

1709. 
Massachusetts    Psalter:    Boston,    B.   Green  &  J.   Printer.     12°, 
$135.00. 

I7I5- 
First  three  chapters  of  Genesis  in  Mohawk  in  "  The  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayer  " :  New  York,  William  Bradford.    Small  4'',  $240.00. 

1718. 
Psalterium  Americanum :  Boston,  S.  Kneeland.     16°,  $50.00. 

1742. 
The  Song  of  Songs  :  Boston,  Tho.  Fleet.     24°,  $75.00. 

1752. 
Psalms  of  David:  Barnard's  Version.     Bostcvi,  J.  Draper.     12°, 
$25.00. 

1  This  list  was  priced  by  several  specialists  eminently  fitted  for 
the  work,  and  is  doubtless  as  correct  as  it  can  be  made,  considering 
the  fluctuating  values  of  old  books.  For  the  most  part  leading  pub- 
lications have  been  mentioned,  for  if  all  the  editions  had  been  quoted 
this  Appendix  would  have  expanded  into  a  book.  Moreover,  many 
of  the  later  editions  have  but  little  market  value.  The  prices  quoted 
are  for  books  in  good  condition  and  with  perfect  title-pages.  The 
Eliot,  Saur,  and  Aitken  Bibles  and  Testaments  are  not  included  in 
this  list,  as  they  have  been  previously  priced  in  separate  appendices. 
In  titles  of  more  than  one  volume  the  price  refers  to  the  set,  and  not 
to  single  books. 


410 


Appendix. 


V 


Prayer  Rook  in  Mohawk:  Boston,  Richard  and  Samuel  Draper. 

Small  40,  $50.00. 

1764. 

New  England   Psalter:   Boston,  D.  &  J.  Kneeland.     Small  8^1, 
$ao.oo. 

1765- 
Verbum  Sempiternum,  or  Thumb  Bible :  Boston,  N.  Proctor.    143*, 
$50.00. 

1766. 

St.  Matthew.     By  Rev.  Samuel  Mather.     Boston,  Kneeland  & 
Adams.     8*^,  $10.00. 

1767. 

Prayer  Book:  New  York,  James  Parker.     i(P,  $5.00. 

1768. 
Proverbs:  Boston,  Edes  &  Gill.     Small  8°,  $15.00. 

1769. 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  W.  Weyman  &  Hugh  Gaine. 
80,  $75.00. 

1777. 

New  Testament  Commands  :  Haverhill,  Mass.,  John  Maycall  WiU 
liams.     8^3,  $50.00. 

Epistles  and  Gospels  in  German :  Germantown,  Christopher  Saur. 
8°,  $15.00. 

1780. 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk:  Quebec,  William  Brown.     12°,  $50.00. 
New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Francis  Bailey.     12",  $25.00. 
New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Hall  &  Sellers.      12*^,  $25.00. 

1784. 

Proverbs  and  Psalms :  Boston,  Benjamin  Edes  &  Sons.     8°,  $5.00. 
Sermon  on  the  Mount,  and  Psalms :  Boston,  Benjamin  Edes  &.  Sons. 
80,  $2.50. 

German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.     16°,  $2.50. 


I 


^ 


Appendix. 


411 


1786. 

Prayer  Book:   i'hnadelphia,  if  alt  &  Sellers.     I  a^^,  $$0.00. 
New  Testament:  I'hiliulelphia,  J.  Cruikshank,  F.  Hailey,  Young, 
Stewart  &  McCulloch,  and  J.  Uubitun.     la"^,  $t0.oo. 

1787. 

German  Testament :  Germantuwn,  Pa.,  M.  Ujllmeyer.     ia°,  $5.00. 

German  Testament :  Ephrata,  Pa.     16°,  $8.00. 

Dissertations  on  the  Prophecies :  Bishop  Newton.     Elizabethtown, 

N.  J.     80,  $3.50. 

Selectx  e  Veteri  Tcstamento  Historiae :  Philadelphia,  Prichard  & 

Hall.     lao,  $3.50. 

1788. 

Proverbs  of  Solomon:  Philadelphia,  Peter  Stewart.      l6<^,  $15.00. 

A  Curious  Hieroglyphick  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas. 

a4°,  $10.00. 

New  Testament:  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Isaac  Collins.     %^,  $5.00. 

New  Testament:  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  Shepard  Kollock.     la'^, 

$5.00. 

1789. 

Selectoe  e  Veteri,  etc. :  Philadelphia,  B.  Franklin  Bache.    16°,  $3.50. 
Genesis:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

1790. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Carey,  Stewart  &  Co.  4^^,  first  Douay, 
$50.00. 

The  Christian's  New  and  Complete  Family  Bible:  Philadelphia, 
William  Woodhouse.     Fol.,  $25.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     12°,  $15.00. 

Holy  Bible  Abridged :  New  York,  Hodge,  Allen  &  Campbell.  24°, 
$10.00. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Hugh  Gaine.     12°,  $10.00. 

New  Testament:  New  Haven,  A.  Morse.     12°,  $5.00. 

1791. 
German  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Charles  Cist.     12°,  $5.00. 
German  Psalter:  Philadelphia,  Charles  Cist.     16°,  $2.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     Fol.,  $10.00. 


412 


Appendix. 


I 


Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     4°,  $10.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Isaac  Collins.     4^-,  $10.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     18°,  $10.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  John  McCullock.     12°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament:  Newburyport,  Mass.,  John  Mycall.     12°,  $7-50* 

1792. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.     18°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     180,  $10.00. 

The  Self-Interpreting  Bible :  New  York,  Hodge  &  Campbell.  Fol., 
$35.00. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Hodge  &  Campbell.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Hodge  &  Campbell.     4°,  $25.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Hugh  Gaine.     12°,  $10.00. 

Fleetwood's  Life  of  Christ.  2  vols.  Carlisle,  Pa.,  L.  Smith.  8°, 
$3.00. 

A  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Psalms.  By  Bishop  of  Norwich. 
2  vols.     Philadelphia,  \V.  Young.     8°,  $15.00. 

1793- 
Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     8°,  $10.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Isaac  Collins.     8°,  $3.50. 
German  Psalter:  Ephrata,  Pa.     16°,  $5.00. 

1794. 
A  New  Ilieroglyphical  Bible:  Boston,  W.  Norman.     12°,  $5.00. 
Isaiah.    By  Bishop  Lowth.    Albany,  Charles  R.  &  George  Webster. 

12°,  $3-50- 

Daniel :  New  York,  Greenleaf's  Press.     8°,  $3.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     24",  1^5.00.       . 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  W.  Young.     18°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  Alexander  Young  and  Thomas  Minns. 
12°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Isaac  Collins.     8°,  $2.00. 

Burkitt's  Expository  Notes :  New  Haven,  Abel  Morse.  4°, 
$10.00. 

Apocalypse.  By  James  Winthrop.  Boston,  Belknap  &  Hall. 
8°,  $5.00.  f  / 


(^ 


Appendix. 


413 


1795- 
German  Testament :  Ephrata,  Pa.     12°,  $5.00. 
Morning  and  Evening  Prayer  with  Psalter :  New  London,  Conn., 
Thomas  C.  Green,  12°. 

[Only  one  copy  located,  and  the  owner  is  unable  to  fix  a  price 

upon  it.] 

Job :  A  Paraphrase.     Boston,  Samuel  Hall.     8"=,  $2. 50. 

Isaiah:  A  Paraphrase.  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.  8°, 
$2.50. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord.  By  Paul 
Wright,  D.Dl,  Philadelphia.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

German  Testament:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.  12°, 
$2.50. 

Selectse  e  Veteri,  etc. :  Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson.    16°,  $2.50. 

'         1796. 

Holy  Bible  Abridged:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Thomas,  Son  &  Thomas. 
32'3,  $5.00. 

German  Psalter :  Baltimore,  Samuel  Saur.     16°,  $5.00. 

German  Psalter:   Philadelphia,  Heinrich  Schweitzer.     16°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  Berriman  &  Co.     Fol.,  $10.00. 

The  Four  Gospels :  With  Dr.  Campbell's  Notes.  Philadelphia, 
Thomas  Dobson.     4°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Bailey  &  Dickson.     12°,  $5.00. 

Life  of  Joseph,  the  Son  of  Israel :  John  Macgowan.  Wilmington, 
Del.     $2.00. 

Dissertations  on  the  Prophecies :  Bishop  Newton.  Northampton, 
Mass.     8'2,  $2.00. 

Burkitt's  Expository  Notes :  New  York,  T.  Dunning  &  W.  W. 
Hyer.     Fol.,  $10.00. 

Burkitt's  Expository  Notes :  Philadelphia,  William  W.  Woodward. 
Fol.,  $10.00. 

1797. 

Life  of  Joseph :  John  Macgowan.    Portsmouth,  N.  H.    16°,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     12°,  $5.00. 
New  Testament:  New  Haven,  Edward  O'Brien.     I2<^,  $3.00. 


[^ 


V 


414 


Appendix. 


New  Testament:  Lancaster,  Pa.,  J.  Bailey  &  W.  R.  Dickson. 
12°,  $5.00. 

St.  Matthew  and  portions  of  the  Epistles  in  "  Catholic  Liturgy"  : 
Boston,  Isaiah  Thomas.     fP,  $5.00. 

Life  of  David:  Thomas  EUwood.  Wilmington,  Del.,  Johnson  & 
Preston.     16°,  $3.50. 

Holy   Bible   Abridged   for   Children.      Wilmington,    Del.,    Peter 

Brynberg.     16°,  $4.00. 

1798. 

Holy  Bible :  First  Hot  Press  Edition.  Philadelphia,  John  Thomp- 
son &  Abraham  Small.     Fol.,  $15.00. 

Scripture  Lessons  for  the  Episcopal  Church :  New  Brunswick,  N.J., 
A.  Blauvelt.     8°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament  for  Children :  Hartford,  John  Babcock.    24°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     12*^,  $5.00. 

1799. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Charles  Cist.     12°,  $7.50. 

History  of  the  Passion  in  the  Arrawack  language :  Philadelphia, 
Charles  Cist.     S'^,  $2. 50. 

Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Mass.,  Isaiah  Thomas.     12°,  $5.00. 

The  Four  Gospels :  With  Dr.  Campbell's  Notes.  Philadelphia, 
A.  Bartram.     4^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson.     Royal  fol.,  $20.00. 

1800. 

German  Testament:   Harrisl)urg,  Benjamin  Mayer.     12"^,    $3.50. 

Greek  Testament:  First  in  America.  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas, 
Jr.     12°,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas.      12-,  $2.50. 

Life  of  Joseph:  John  Macgowan.  Richmond,  Va.,  William  Prit- 
chard.      16*^,  $2.00. 

1801. 

Holy  Bil)le:  New  York,  William  Durell.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4*^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  M.  L.  &  W.  A.  Davis.     4^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  I.  Thomas  &  E.  T.  Andrews.     12^,  $5.00. 


\\ 


Appendix. 


415 


on. 

»>. 

& 

ter 

P- 

r-. 

K5. 


a, 


New  Testament :  New  York,  William  Durell.     4°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Benjamin  Gomez.     12°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Parker  &  Robinson. 
$5.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson.     12°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas.     8",  $3.00. 

Life  of  Joseph :  John  Macgowan.    Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas. 
$2.00. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord :  Paul  Wright, 
D.D.  New  York,  William  Durell.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

New  Testament:  Octorara,  Pa.,  Francis  Bailey.     12",  $6.00. 

Commentary  on  Romans.     By  Martin  Luther.     Philadelphia,  R. 
Aitken.     8°,  $5.00. 

1802. 


16°, 


Holy  Bible :  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas.     8°,  $7.50. 
Holy  Bible:    Whitehall,  W.  Young.     80,  $5.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $5.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas.     12^,  $3.00. 
Isaiah :  A  Paraphrase.     Northampton,  William  Butler.     8°,  $2.50. 
New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.     8°,  $2.00. 
New  Testament:  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.     12^,  $2.00. 
New  Testament:  Wilmington,  Del.,  Peter  Brynberg.     12^,  $5.00. 
New  Testament:  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co.     12°,  $1.00. 
Holy    Bible:    Philadelphia.     Printed    for    M.    Carey    by  Robert 
Cochran.     16",  $3.00. 

1803. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia.  Printed  by  John  Adams  &  William 
Hancock  for  M.  Carey.     4^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Sage  &  Clough.     4°,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Charlestown,  Samuel  Etheridge.     4'-",  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia.  Printed  for  M.  Carey  by  Robert 
Cochran.     12°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bil)le:  Boston,  I.  Thomas  &  E.  T.  Andrews.     12°,  $3.00. 

The  Song  of  Songs:  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     8°,  $1.50. 

Isaiah:  A  Paraphrase.     Northampton,  William  Butler.     8°,  $2.50, 

New  Testament:  Charlestown,  Samuel  Etheridge.     12^,  $2.00. 


\\ 


4i6 


Appendix. 


German    Testament:    Germantown,  Pa.,    M.    Billmeyer.      12°, 

$2.50. 

i'8o4. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia.     Printed  by  John  Adams  for  M.  Carey. 

4°.  $5-oo. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.  4  vols.  Philadelphia,  VV.  Woodward. 
40,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible.    4  vols.     Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.    8°,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews  by  J.  T. 
Buckingham.     12^^,  $3.00. 

Selectee  e  Veteri,  etc. :  Philadelphia.     12°,  $2.50. 

New  Testament:  Wilmington,  Del.,  Bonsai  &  Niles.     12",  $3.00. 

EUwood's  Sacred  History.  3  vols.  Burlington,  N.  J.,  David  Alli- 
son.    8^,  $3.50. 

Beauties  of  the  Bible :   Ezra  Sampson.     Boston.     18°,  $1.00. 

1805. 

German  Bible:  Reading,  Pa.,  Gottlob  Yungmann.     4°,  $10.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4^=,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Morristown,  N.  J.,  Mann  &  Douglass.     8°,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews  by  J.  T. 
Buckingham.     12*^,  $3.00. 

Exposition  of  the  Old  Testament :  Rev.  Job  Orton.  6  vols. 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  Samuel  Etheridge.     8'-,  $5.00. 

Life  of  Joseph:  John  Macgowan.  Greenfield,  Mass.,  John  Denio. 
12°,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4^^,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck.      12^,  $3.00.       ,, 

New  Testament :  Brooklyn,  T.  Kirk.     12^,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  Wilmington,  Del.,  Peter  Brynberg.     12°,  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Boston.     18°,  $2.00. 

1806. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $5.00. 
Self-Interpreting  Bible :  New  York,  Sage  &  Clough.    Fol.,  $10.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12°,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     12^,  $1.00. 


f\. 


Appendix. 


417 


:20, 

ey. 

rd. 

00. 
T. 


00. 
lli- 


T. 

Is. 
io. 


^  \ 


Holy  Bible:  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews  by  J.  T. 
Buckingham.     12°,  $2.00. 

Exposition  on  the  CXXXth  Psalm:  Dr.  John  Owen.  Salem, 
N.  Y.,  Dodd&Rumsey.     12°,  $2.00. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $1.50. 

New  Testament:  Hartford,  Lincoln  &  Gleason.     12°,  $1.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  Philadelphia,  S.  F.  Bradford.  12°, 
$2.00. 

The  Trial  of  Virtue :  With  Dissertation  on  the  Book  of  Job.  Hart- 
ford, Lincoln  &  Gleason.     12°,  $2.00. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  S.  F.  Bradford.     12"=',  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Duyckinck  &  Miller.     \fP,  $1.00. 

History  of  the  Holy  Jesus :  Worcester,  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.     16°, 

$2.00. 

1807. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Swan  &  Allinson.     4°,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Collins,  Perkins  &  Co.     4°,  $5.00. 

•Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Kimber,  Conrad  &  Co.     8°,  $3.00. 

The  Family  Expositor:  Dr.  Doddridge.  6  vols.  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  Samuel  Etheridge.     S'^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck.     12°,  $1.00. 

German  Testament:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     12°,  $2.00. 

The  Family  Expositor :  Dr.  Doddridge.  2  vols.  Hartford,  Lincoln 
&  Gleason.     8",  $1.50. 

History  of  the  Christian  Church,  chiefly  deduced  from  the 
Apocalypse:  New  York,  Hopkins  &  Seymour.     12^^,  $2.00. 

History  of  the  Holy  Bible  Abridged:  Philadelphia,  T.  T.  Stiles. 
180,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co.     12°,  $1.00. 

Gaston's  Collection  of  Texts  :  Philadelphia.     12°,  $1.00. 

Selectae  e  Veteri,  etc. :  Philadelphia.     16*^,  $1.50. 


I' 


The  Family  Expositor. 
Mass.,  Samuel  Etheridge.     8^\  $5.00 


1808. 
6  vols.     Dr.   Doddridge. 


Charlestown, 


S\ 


4i8 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Translated  from  the  Septuagint  by  Charles  Thomson. 
4  vols.     Philadelphia,  Jane  Aitken.     8^,  $18.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews  by  J.  T. 
Buckingham.     12°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12°,  $1.00. 

The  Old  and  New  Testaments  Digested  and  Illustrated  by  Way  of 
Question  and  Answer:  Baltimore.     8^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Whitehall,  W.Young.     I2"3,  $2.00. 

Acts  of  the  Days  of  the  Son  of  Man  :  Philadelphia,  Conrad  Zentler. 
12°,   $1.00. 

First,  Second,  .and  Third  Epistles  of  St.  John :  Halifax,  T.  Haw- 
kins.    8^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Brookfield,  Mass.,  Merriam  &  Co.     18°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Abel  Dickinson.     12°,  $3.00. 


1809. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $3.00. 


32°,  $1.00. 
80,  $1.50. 
12°,  $1.00. 
12°,   $1.00. 

Hilliaicl  &  Metcalf. 


Common  Prayer :  Philadelphia,  A.  Dickinson. 

Holy  Bible  :  Boston,  Greenough  &  Stebbins. 

Holy  Bibie :  Boston,  Greenough  &  Stebliins. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin. 

The  Psalms  in   Hebrew:  Cambridge,  Mass. 
12^,  $2.00. 

Sacred  Extracts:  Boston,  Thomas  B.  Wjiit  &  Co.     12°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  Newcome's  Version.    Boston,  Thomas  B.  Wait  & 
Co.     8S  $3.50. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Solomon  Wiatt.     12^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.     12'^,  $3.00. 

Greek  Testament:  Cambridge,   Mass.,  W.  Wells  &  W.    Hilliard. 
8c,  $2.00. 

New  Testament  Stories  .ind  Parables  for  Children :    New  Haven, 
Sidney's  Press.     16'-,  $1.50. 

Harmony  of  the  Four  Evangelists:  Philadelphia,  Kimber&  Conrad. 
8c,  $1.00.  , 


Appendix. 


419 


)n. 


of 


An   Appendix   to  the   New  Testament :  James  Winthrop. 
bridge,  Mass.,  Milliard  &  Metcalf.     12°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey. 

Commentaries  on  Revelation.     2  vols. 
K.  J,     12^  $2.00. 

1810. 


Cam- 


12°,  $1.00. 

18C,  $1.00. 

Royal  80,  $2.00. 

James  Galloway.    Trenton, 


Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Williams  &  Whiting.     8°,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.      40,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.  6  vols.  New  York,  Williams  &  Whit- 
ing.     8^,  $4.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     i2'-\  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Greenough  &  Stebbins.     12'^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12*-',  $1.00. 

Genesis  (chapter  i.  and  part  of  ii.)  in  Hebrew:  New  Haven,  Mills 
Day.     8°,  $1.00. 

Wisdom  in  Miniature:  New  Haven,  J.  Cooke  &  Co.     32°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  Baltimore,  John  Hagerty.     12°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Williams  &  Whiting.     12°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  Brookfield,  Mjiss.,  E.  Merriam  &  Co.     12^,  $1.00. 

French  Testament.  2  vols.  First  Edition  in  the  United  States. 
Boston,  J.  T.  Buckingham.     8^^,  $5.00. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Our  Blessed  Lord.  2  vols.  Paul 
Wright,  D.D.,  Trenton,  N.  J.     8'^,  $1.00. 

Apostolical  Epistles.  6  vols.  Dr.  Macknight.  Boston,  W.  Wells 
&T.  B.  Wait&  Co.     8°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York.  Sold  by  Daniel  Eraser  for  M.  Carey. 
40,  $4.00. 

German  Testament:  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz.      i2"-\  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  A.  Dickinson.     12",  $3.00. 


l8tl. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.      4°,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible.     6  vols.     New  York,  Ezra  Sargeant.     4°,  $4.50. 


430 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Notes.  5  vols.  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Wood- 
ward.     4^\  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     la'-',  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Thomas  &  Andrews.      I2^\  $2.50. 

Holy  Bible  Abridged  for  Children:  Greenfield,  Mass.,  John  Denio. 
240,  $3.00. 

German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.     24"-,  $1.50. 

Bible  History:  New  York,  S.  Wood.     24^,  $3.00. 

New  Test.anient :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4^',  $5.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  I'.enjamin  C.  Buzl)y.     12^',  $2.50. 

New  Testament :  Philailelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.      12-,  $1.50. 

New^  Testament :  B.iltimore,  John  Hagerty.     i8'-\  $2.00. 

The  Four  Gospels :  Dr.  Campbell.  4  vols.  Boston,  W.  Wells 
and  Thomas  B.  Wait  &  Co.     8>-\  $3.00. 

French  Testament:  Boston.       12^',  $1.00. 

Exposition  on  Hebrews :  Dr.  Owen.     4  vols.  Boston.     8*^,  $4.00. 

German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.      I2^~,  $1.50. 

New  Testament:  Wilmington,  Del.,  Peter  Brynberg.      12"^,  $3.00. 

Selects  e  Veteri,  etc. :  New  York,  T.  &  J.  Swords.     16^,  $2.00. 

1812. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4*^,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Windsor,  Yt.,  Merrifield  &  Cochran.     4^^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck,  Smith  &  Forman,  Collins  & 
Co.     8^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Stereotyped  for  the  Bible  Society  at  Philadelphia. 
12*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Baltimore,  John  Hagerty.  12^',  First  American 
Diamond  Edition,     $4.00. 

Holy  Bible:  PhiKadelphJa,  M.  Carey.     12*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :    Boston.     Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews,  West  & 
Richardson,  and  West  &  Blake.     12^,  $2.00. 
.Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.      12^,  $2.00. 

Common  rrayer:  Baltimore,  William  Warner.     16^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Whiting  &  Watson.     4^,  $1.25. 

New  Testament :  New  York.  Whiting  &  Watson.     8^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Whiting  &  Watson.     12^,  $1.00. 


Appendix. 


421 


jod- 


mo. 


:11s 


o. 


)0. 


a. 


in 


& 


New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12^,  $1.00. 
New  Testament:  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck.     12^,  $1.00. 
German  Testament :  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Wilhelm  Hamilton.   12°,  $4.00. 
Iloiy  Hihle:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     iS'^,  $1.00. 
Hihle  Stories:  Wilmington,  Del.,  William  Scolfield.     32°,  $4.00. 
Easy  Introduction  to  Hebrew:  Philadelphia.     8^,  $1.50. 
German  Psalter:  Philadelphia,  Jacob  Meyer.     16"^,  $1.00. 

1813. 

New  Testament :  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  John  Shroyck.     12°,  $6.00. 

Holy  lJil)le :  New  York,  Evert  Duyckinck,  John  Tiebout,  G.  &  K. 
Wait.     4^\  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Whiting  &  Watson.     4^^,  $5.00. 

HolyHible:  Phikdelphia,  M.  Carey.     4^,  $2.50. 

German  Bible:  Somerset,  Pa.,  Friedrich  Goeb.     4°,  $25.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Notes.  6  vols.  New  York,  Whiting  & 
Watson.     8°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     12*^,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews,  West  & 
Richardson,  and  West  &  Blake.     12^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible  :  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.      12°,  $1.00. 

An  Abridgment  of  the  Holy  Scriptures :  Hartford,  Hale  & 
Hosmcr.     I2^\  $3.00. 

The  Holy  Bible  Abridged:  Barn.ird,  Vt.,  Joseph  Dix.     24"=,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Benjamin  Johnson.     12^,  $2.50. 

New  Testament:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.     8^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews,  West  & 
Richardson,  and  West  &  Blake.      12^,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  Albany,  H.  C.  Southwick.     12'^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Evert  Duyckinck.      I2-,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Jonathan  Pounder.     24°,  50c. 

Evangelical  History:   Boston,  Bradford  &  Read.      12^,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  B.  &  T.  Kite.     \2^,  50c. 


1814. 

Hebrew  Bible.      2  vols.      Philadelphia,  Thomas  Dobson. 
American  Hebrew  Bible.     %^,  $5.00. 


First 


V 


422 


Appendix. 


A  Compendium  of  the  Bible :  Kodolphus  Dickinson.  Greenfield, 
Mass.,  Horace  Graves.     la^,  $i.oo. 

Holy  Hihle:  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     4*^,  $2.50. 

Holy  Hihle:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $2.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Notes.  5  vols.  New  York,  Dodge  &  Sayre. 
4'-\  *300. 

Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Notes.  Philadelphia,  VV.  W.  Woodward.  8*=, 
$2.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Phibdelphia,  M.  Carey.     12^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.      12*-',  $I.OO. 

French  rvstament :  Philadelphia,  J.  Bouvier.     12'^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston.  Printed  for  Thomas  &  Andrews,  West  & 
Kichardsim,  and  West  &  Blake.      12^^,  $2.00. 

The  History  of  the  Holy  Bible.  2  vols.  New  York,  J.  S<;ymour. 
12-,  $1.50. 

The  History  of  the  New  Testament :  New  York,  J.  Seymour.  12°, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     40,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Boston,  Cummings  &  Hilliard.      12*^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Newburyport,  Mass.,  William  B.  Allen  &  Co. 
12^\   $1.50. 

German  Testament:  Somerset,  Pa.,  F.  Gocb.     12°,  $6.00. 

Greek  Testament:  Boston,  Isaiah  Thomas,  Jr.     12^^,  $3.00. 

Harmony  in  Greek  of  the  Gospels :  Newcome's  Notes.  Andover, 
Mass.,  Flagg  &  Gould.     8^,  $1.25.     The  same  in  4°,  $1.75. 

1815. 

German  Psalter :  Germantown,  Pa.,  G.  &  D.  Billmeyer.    16°,  $1.00, 
German  Psalter:  Philadelphia,  G.  &  D.  Billmeyer..     16",  $1.25. 
Holy  Bible:  Phil.idelphia,  M.  Carey.     4^,  $2.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Brookfield,  Mass.,  E.  Merriam  &  Co.     8^,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  E.  Duyckinck,  Collins  &  Co.     8*3,  $3.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Walpole,  N.  H.,  Anson  Whipple.     8^,  $4.00. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  &  G.   Bruce.     12°,   First   American 
Stereotyped  Bible,  $10.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Newburyport,  William  B.  Allen  &  Co.     12°,  $a.oo. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Monroe,  Francis  &  Parker.     12°,  $2.00. 


Appendix. 


423 


12°, 


Holy  Hible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12^,  $1.00. 

French  Bible:  New  York,  The  New  York  nil)le  Society.     12"^,  50c. 

Isaiah:    Dishop   Lowth.     Boston,   Joseph   T.    Buckingham.     8^, 

$1.  so- 
New  Testament.  2  vols.  Boston,  Samuel  S.  Armstrong.  8*^, 
$1.25. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  D.  &  G.  Bruce.     8^,  $2.50. 

New  Testament :  Thiladelphia,  VV.  W.  Woodward.     18^,  $1.00, 

German  Testament :  Thiladelphia,  G.  &  I).  Biilmeyer.     12*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12",  75c. 

A  Synopsis  of  the  Four  Evangelists.  By  Charles  Thomson. 
Philadelphia,  William  McCuUogh.     8-,  $3.00. 

New  Hieroglyphic  Bible  for  Children :  New  York,  S.  Wood  & 
Sons.     16",  $3.00. 

Hebrew  Bible  (Incomplete) :  New  York,  Whiting  &  Watson.  S'^, 
50c. 

New  Testament:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Lancaster,  Pa.     lO"^,  $1.00. 


1816. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  B.  &  J.  Collins.  40,  First  Stereotyped 
Quarto,   $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $3.00. 

German  Psalter :   Philadelphia.     24  ,  $1.50. 

Exposition  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Matthew  Henry. 
6  vols.     Philadelphia,  Hogan  &  Towar.     8^,  $7.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Scott's  Notes.  6  vols.  Boston,  Samuel  T.  Armstrong. 
8°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Albany,  E.  F.  Bachus.     8^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edniands.     12^^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  The  New  York  Bilile  Society.  12°, 
$1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Auxiliary  New  York  Bible  and  Common 
Prayer  Book  Society.     12S  $i-00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  W.  W.  Mercein.     12'-%  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  W.  W.  Woodward.     I2--,  $1.00. 


424 


Appendix. 


I  ! 


New  Testoment :  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament ;  Stereotyped  for  the  Hihlc  Society  at  Phil- 
adelphia.    8"-,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Hartford,  Sheldon  &  Goodrich.     13^',  $I.OO. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     la',  50c. 

Holy  Hihle:  Hudson,  N.  Y.     8^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Thomas  Desilver.     l»^,  $I.OO. 

New  Testament :  Windsor,  Vt.,  Jesse  Cochran.     12*^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  Simeon  Ide.      la"^,  75c. 

Compendium  of  the  Bible:  R.  Dickinson.  Deerfield,  Mass.  12^, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament :  Trenton,  Isaac  Collins.     16*^,  $j.oo. 


1817. 

Holy  Bible :  Trenton,  D.  &  E.  Fenton,     4°,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     4^^ ,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8'-',  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     12^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  .\lbany,  Websters  &  Skinners.     12^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     12'^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     I2^\  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston,  Lincoln  &  JCdmands.     I2^\  $1.00. 

New  Testiiment:  Hudson,  N.  Y.     80,  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     16°,  50c. 

Compendium  of  the  Bible :  R.  Dickinson.  Greenfield,  Mass. 
$1.00. 

Biblical  Catechism:  Greenfield,  Mass.,  Denio  &  Phelps. 
50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Brattleborough,  j.  Holbrook.     ^^,  $5.00, 

New  Testament.      2  vols.     Boston,  S.  T.  Armstrong. 

New  Testament :  Georgetown,  D.  C,  W.  Duffy.     12- 

New  Testament :  Hartford,  George  Goodwin  &  Sons. 

New  Testament:  Hartford,  Sheldon  &  Goodrich.     12*^,  $1.00. 

1818. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     ^^,  $2.50. 


laS 


elps 

12° 

8°, 

$1 

•25 

$3.00. 

12S 

$1 

.00 

Appendix, 


4a$ 


rhii- 


o. 


I2S 


12°, 

1.25. 
.00. 


Holy  Bible :  D'Oylcy  and  Mant's  Notes,  a  vols.  New  York,  T.  & 
J.  Sw'ords.     4*^,  $5.00. 

H<  iy  bible:  Scott's  Notes.    6  vols.    Boston,  S.  T.  Armstrong.    8°, 

Holy  Hililc:  rhilmtclpiiin,  M.  Carey  &  Son.     12^,  $750. 

Holy  Hible;  Hoston,  R.  I'.  &  C.  Williams.     12>-,  5CH;. 

Holy  liible:  Hrattlcborou^li,  V't.,  J.  ilolbrook.     12',  $1.50. 

Holy  Iiii)lc:  Hartford,  Hudson  iS:  Goodwin.     la  ,  $1.00. 

Holy  Hible:  Hartford,  S.  (1.  Cloodricli.     $120,  l.oo. 

Hieroglyphical  Hiblo:   Hartford,  Cooke  iSc  Hale.     12-,  $2.50. 

The  New  and  Complete  Life  of  Christ:  Dr.  I'aul  Wright.  Win- 
chester, V'a.,  J.  Foster.     8'  ,  $}.oo. 

Catechism  of  the  lliiile:  New  Haven,  Flagg  &  Cray.     12",  50c. 

New  Testament:   Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke  &  .Sons.     24'-',  75c. 

New  Testament:   Hartford,  San<uel  G.  Goodrich.      12^,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Keene,  N.  H.,  :>.  .\.  .Morrison  &  Co.     12^,750. 

Gospel  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk.  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     18^,  $j.oo. 

The  Three  Kpistles  of  St.  John  in  the  Delaware  language.  New 
York,  American  Bible  Society.     12^',  $2.00. 

New  Testament:  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Patterson  &  Lambden.  12°, 
$2.00. 

Gaston's  Collection  of  Texts:  Fredericktown,  Md.,  George  Kolb, 
13^,   $3.00. 

New  Test.iment :  Wilmington,  Del.,  Robert  Porter.     12",  $1.50. 

Common  i'rayer :  New  York,  W.  B.  Gilley.     18^  $1.25. 

1819. 

Germ.in  Bible:  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Johann  Biir.     Fob,  $12.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  M.  Carey  &  Son.     4^,  $3.00. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  1$.  &  J.  Collins.     40,  $2.50. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^^,  75c. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  .\merican  Bible  Society.     12°,  50c. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Kdmands.      12^,   50c. 
Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12°,  50c. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphiti,  W.  W.  Woodward.     12°,  75c 


426 


Appendix. 


i;:| 


•% 


Holy  Bible:  Lexington,  Ky.,  Kentucky  Auxiliary  Bible  Society. 
12°,  $2.00. 

Critical  and  Explanatory  Notes.  By  Rev.  E.  J.  Chapman,  Can- 
andaigua,  N.  Y.,  James  D.  Bemis.     8*^,  50c. 

German  Testament :  New  Berlin,  Pa.,  Miller  &  Michel.     12°,  $3.00. 

New  Testament :  Hartford,  Samuel  G.  Goodrich.     12°,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Brattleborough,  Vt.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Utica,  N.  Y.,  William  Williams.     12°,  $1.50. 

Spanish  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  12°, 
$1.00. 

Hymns  and  Portion  of  St.  John's  Gospel  in  Seneca :  Buffalo,  H.  A. 

Salisbury.     \(P,  $2.50. 

1820. 

New  Testament :  Wakefield's  Translation.     Cambridge,  Hilliard  &' 
Metcalf.     8",  $2.00. 

New  Testament ;   Leicester,  Hori  Brown.     12°,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12*^,  50c. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.     12^,  50c. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  West,  Richardson  &  Lord.     12^,  $1.00. 
French  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12°,  50c. 
New  Testament :   Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz.     12°,  $1.00. 
New  Testament:   Utica,  N.  Y.,  William  Williams.     18=,  $2.00. 
Fleetwood's  Life  of  Christ :  New  York.     4°,  $2.00. 
Self-Interpreting  Bible :  New  York,  S.  Walker.     Fol.,  $5.00.  ' 

1821. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Collins  &  Co.     ip,  $3.00. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     %^,  750. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  New  York  Auxiliary  Bible  &  Common 
Prayer  Book  Society.     12°,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  &  G.  Bruce.     \T^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  B.  &  J.  Collins.     12^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Lunenburg,  Mass.     12°,  $1.00. 

Lessons  for  Schools  :  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharplcss.     16°,  50c. 

New  Testament :   Hartford,  George  Goodwin  &  Sons.     12°,  75c. 

New  Testament :   Utica,  N.  Y.,  William  Williams.     12"^,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Hartford,  S.imuel  G.  Goodrich.     18°,  50c. 


|V 


Appendix, 


427 


New  Testament:  Providence,  R.  I.,  Miller  &  Hutchens.  12^, 
$1,00. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  James  A.  Burtis.     12°,  75c. 

Lieberkuhn's  History  of  Christ :  Translated  into  the  Delaware  lan- 
guage by  Rev.  David  Zeisbergcr.  New  York,  Daniel  Fanshaw.  12*^, 
$4.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament :  New  York,  George  Long.  Small  12^', 
$1.25. 

German  Testament :  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Johann  Bar.     12°,  $2.50. 

1822. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  T.  Kinnersley.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Daniel  I).  Smith.     4^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  H.  &  K.  I'hinney.     4",  $2.50. 

Holy  Bible:   Self- Interpreting.     Boston,  S.  Walker.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Albany,  E.  &  E.  Hosford.     12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12*^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Hartford.     18^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  II.  C.  Carey  &  I.  Lea.  4°,  $1.00. 
'      New  Testament :   New  York,  American  Bible  Society.      12^,  50c. 

The  Pronouncing  Testament.  By  Israel  Alger,  Jr.  Boston,  Lincoln 
&  Edmands.     12",  $1.00. 

New  Testament :   Boston,  Treadwell's  Power  Press.     12'-,  soc. 

New  Testament:  Utica,  N.  Y.,  William  Will.  .ms.     12^,  50c. 

Greek  and  English  Testament.  2  vols.  Abner  Kneeland,  Philadel- 
phia.    8^,  $2.00. 

Greek  Testament:  Aimer  Kneeland,  Philadelphia.     12*^,  $z.oo. 

Spanish  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12",  50c. 

German  Testament :  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     12*^,  $1.00. 

The  Columbian  Family  and  Pulpit  Bible:   Boston,  Joseph  Teal. 

Fol.,  $5.00. 

1823. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  T.  &  J.  Swords.     40,13.00. 
Holy  Bible:   Piiiladelphia,  H.  C.  Carey  &  I.  Lea.     4^^,  $2.50. 
New  Testament :  Boston,  R.  Bannister.     12^,  $1.00. 
Greek  Testament:  Boston,  Al)ner  Kneeland.     8^,  $2.00. 
Greek  Testament :   Philadelphia,  W.  Fry.     12^',  75c. 


428 


Appendix. 


Greek  and  English  Testament:   Philadelphia,  A.  Small.     12°,  75c. 
Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4*^,  $2.00. 
New  Testament:  New  York,  Johnstone  &  Van  Norden.     12'^,  50c. 
New  Testament :   Boston,  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.     12°,  50c. 
New  Teiitament:  Concord,  N.  H.,  Luther  Roby.     12°,  50c. 
Pronouncing  Testament :  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.     120,75c. 


1824. 

French  Testament:  Boston,  J.  H.  A.  Frost.     12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston,  C.  Ewer  cS:  T.  Bedlington.     4^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Cooperstown,  N.  V.,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible  :   Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8*^,  $3.00. 

Spanish  Bible :   New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:   Albany,  ^Vebsters  &  Skinners.      12'-",  50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     12°,  soc. 

Holy  Bible:   Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.      12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Carey  &  L  Lea.     12°,  50c. 

Errata  of  the  Protestant  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey. 
8  %  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Joseph  B.  Baldwin.  12*^, 
$1.00. 

Revised  Testament:  Boston,  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.     12°,  50c. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  Collins  &  Hannay.  12°, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament :   Albany.      1 2*^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament,  by  Way  of  Question  and  Answer:  New  York, 
James  Cunningham.     12"^,  50c. 

1825. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     8°,  $3.00. 
Holy  Bible  :   Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     4°,  $5.00. 
Holy  Bible  :    I'hiladelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     Fob,  $10.00. 
Holy  Bible :   Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Carey  &  L  Lea.     4^. 
The  Pronouncing  Bible:    Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.     8°,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible;    Lunenburg,  Mass.,  Edmund  Cushing.      12°,  $1.00. 
The   Old  and   New  Testaments :    Philadelphia,  Thomas  VVardle. 
I2-,  $1.00. 


h 


1  li 


Appendix. 


429 


'Sc. 


oc. 


c. 


Job :  Boston,  J.  H.  A.  Frost.     8°,  50c. 
New  Testament:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith,     4^,  $2.50. 
New  Testament:  Albany,  S.  Shaw.     12°,  $1.00. 
Greek  Testament :  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke.     12°,  50c, 
The  Four  Gospels  in  Greek:  Boston,  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co. 
8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Woodstock,  Vt.,  David  Watson.     12°,  $1.00. 


3. 


1826. 

The  Collateral  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Samuel  F.  Bradford.     4°,  $3.00. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible:  New  York,  T.  Kinnersley.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Boston,  L.  Walker.     4^,  $3.00. 

The  Pronouncing  Bible:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.     8°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Treadwell's  Power  Press.     8°,  $1.50. 

The  Reference  Bible.  2  vols.  Boston,  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co. 
12C,  $1.50. 

The  Reference  Testament.  2  vols.  Boston,  Cummings,  Hilliard 
&  Co.     12*^,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Lunenburg,  Mass.,  Edmund  Cushing.     12° 

Holy  Bible:  Lunenburg,  Mass.,  W.  Greenough  &  Son. 

Holy  Bible:   Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     12^^',  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12°,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Windsor,  Vt.,  Simeon  Ide.     12^,  50c. 

French  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12"^,  50c. 

New  Testament:   New  York,  Samuel  Marks.      12"^,  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  Mervin  Hale.     \2°,  $2.00. 

German  Psalter:  Lancaster,  Pa.     12^,  $1.50. 

German  Testament :  Carlisle,  Pa.     16°,  $1.50. 


,  50c. 

12*^,   50c. 


1827. 

St.  Luke's  Gospel  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  A.  Hoyt.     16°,  $2.00. 
German  Bible :   Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4^,  $3.00. 
New  Testament :   Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  Mervin  Hale.      12°,  $2.00. 
Self-Interpreting  Bible:  New  York.     Fob,  $5.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  C.  Ewer  &  T.  Bedlington.     4-,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible:   Utica,  N.  Y.,  William  Williams.     4>-\  $2.00. 


430 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible.      6  vols.      Scott's  Notes.      Boston,  Samuel  T.  Arm- 
strong.    8°,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :   Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8^^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     8^,  $2.50. 

Holy  Bible:   New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  A.  Paul.     12^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  White,  Gallaher  &  White.     24^^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Brattleborough,  Vt.,   Holbrook  &  Fessenden.     12*^, 
$1.00. 

Job :  An  Amended  Version.      Cambridge,  Hilliard  &  Brown.     8^, 
50c. 

New  Testament:  Boston,  F.  Ingraham  &  J.  Putnam.     8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Paragraphed  by  James  Nourse.     New  York,  G.  & 
C.  Carvill.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :   Boston,  Hilliard,  Gray,  Little  &  Wilkins.     12^, 
50c. 

New  Testament :  Wilbur's   References.      Boston,   Hilliard,  Gray, 
Little  &  Wilkins.     I2^\  50c. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  E.  Bliss.      12°,  50c. 

Greek  Testament:  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke  &  Sons.     12°,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Exeter,  N.  H.,  J.  &  B.  Williams.     12",  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  Lowell,  Mass.,  Thomas  Billings.     24^,  $1.00. 

Apocalypse  of  St.  John :  A  New  Interpretation  by  George  Croly. 
New  York.     12°,  $1.00. 

German  Testament:  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Moser  &  Peters.     \(P,  $1.50. 

Portions  of  the  Bible  in  Choctaw :   Cincinnati,   Lodge  &  Fisher. 
16'-,  $2.00. 

1828.  -■         ■  ■ 

German  Psalter:  Germantown,  Pa.,  M.  Billmeyer.     16°,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Boston,  C.  Ewer  &  T.  Bedlingtun.     4'^,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Lunenburg,  Mass.,  Edmund  Cushing.     4^^,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:   New  York,  Henry  C.  Sleight.     4",  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Brattleborough,   Vt.,    Holbrook  &  Fessenden.     4^, 
$1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     ip,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  McCarty  &  Davis.     4^,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8^,  $3.00. 


Appendix. 


431 


rm- 


2^, 

I. 

& 


12^^ 


12°, 


Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  American  Sunday-school  Union. 
50c. 

Holy  Bible:   Brattleborough,  Vt.,  Holbrook  &  Fessenden. 
50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Methodist  Book  Concern.     120,  50c. 

An  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament.     By  Rev.  Timothy  Kenrick. 
New  York.     8^,  $1.00. 

German  Testament :  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz.     12^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.      12'^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Skinner.      12*^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.      12°,  50c 

New  Testament :  Edited  by  J.  G.    Palfrey.     Boston,  William  L. 
Lewis.     8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan.     8°,  7Sc. 

New  Testament:  Amherst,  Mass.,  J.  S.  &  C.  Adams.      12^^, 

New  Testament :  Windsor,  Vt.,  Simeon  Idc.     12^"",  50c. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Henry  C.  Sleight.     12",  50c. 

Pronouncing  Testament:  Boston,  Lincoln  &  Edmands.      12*^, 

The  Sacred  Writings :   Bethany,  Va. ,  Alexander  Campbell. 
$2.00. 

New  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Bible  Society.     12°,  $1.00. 

Epistle  to  the  Hebrews :  Prof.  Stuart.     Andover,  Mass.     8^,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Albany,  J.  Goodrich.     12°,  75c. 


50c. 


50c. 

12^ 


1829.      ■ 

St.  Matthew  in  Cherokee :  New  Echota,  Cherokee  Mission  Press. 

24°,  $1.75- 

Part  of  St.  Matthew  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,   Christian  Advocate 

Office.     8^,  $1.25. 

Greek  Testament:  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke.     I2°,  50c. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible:  New  York,  T.  Kinnersley.     Fol.,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     Claimed  to  be  the  firsi  folio 
Bilile  stereotyped  in  the  United  States.     $6.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Lunenburg,  Mass.,  Edmund  Gushing.     4°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     40,11.50. 


432 


Appendix. 


Henry's  Commentary.      3  vols.     Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan. 
8^,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Auxiliary  New  York  Bible  and  Common 
Prayer  Book  Society.     8^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  H.  C.  Sleight.     12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Goodwin.     12^^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Hudson  &  Skinner.     la'^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.      12^,  50c. 

Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 

New  Testament :   Pararraphed  by  James  Nourse.     Philadelphia, 
Sunday-school  Union.     8^,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Utica,  William  ^Viiliams.     75c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     12°,  Soc. 

New  Testament:  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  J.  Sanderson.     iS'^,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Daniel  Neall.     12'^,  50c. 

New  ."estament:  Concord,  N.  H.,  Horatio  Hill  &  Co.     18°,  50c. 

The  Monotessaron  :  Baltimore.     8*^,  50c. 

Annotations  on  the  New  Testament.     By  J.    P.  Dabney.     Cam- 
bridge, Hilliard  &  Brown.     12°,  50c. 

St.  Mark  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  McElrath  &  Bangs.     12°,  $1.50. 

St.   Luke  in  Seneca:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     i8^\ 
$2.00. 

Sermon  on  the  Mount  in  Seneca :  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.    18^,  $2.00. 

Part  of  the  New  Testament  in  Chippewa:   York,  N.  C,  GazctU 
Office.     8^,  $2.50. 

1830. 

German  Testament :  Harrisburg,  Pa.     12°,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     40,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     4^,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     /f,  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan.     8-,  $1.00, 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Towar,  J.  &  D.  M.  Hogan.     8-,  $1.00. 
Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 
German  Bible:    Philadelphia,   George  \V.   Mentz  &  Cohn.     I2<^, 
$1.50- 


rtTiFntrmriiiBw; 


Appendix. 


433 


[in. 


on 


la. 


11- 


3. 


Holy  Bible:  Claremont,  N.  H.,  Claremont  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany's Power  Press.     I2°,  75c. 

German  Testament:  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz.     12°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  Gray  &  Bo  wen.     12^,  50c. 

The  Sacred  Writings:  Bethany,  Va.,  A.  Campbell.     12°,  $2.00. 

A  Manual :  The  Apostolic  Epistles.  Judge  Benson,  New  York. 
12°,  $2.00. 

St.  John  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  G.  F.  Bunce.  12, 
50c. 

1831. 

Latin  and  Spanish  Bible.  26  vols.  Mexico,  Mariano  Galvan. 
4^\  $15.00. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan.     12°,  50c. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  Collins  &  Hanney.  12°, 
$1.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  Chippewa:  York,  Canada,  Colonial  Advocate  Office. 
8°,  $2.00. 

Part  of  Genesis  in  Choctaw :  Utica,  W.  NVilliams.     24°,  $1.00. 

Gospels  of  St.  Luke,  St.  John,  and  part  of  St.  Mark  in  Choctaw : 
Utica,  W.  Williams.     16°,  $1.50. 

French  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.      12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  McCarty  &  Davis.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston,  Langdon  Coffin.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Lunenbuig,  Mass.,  Edmund  Cushing.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8°,  $3.00 

Psalms :  A  New  Version.     By  G.  R.  Noyes.     Bostcn.     12°,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  The  Bible  Association  of  Friends  in 
America.     8°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.     6  vols.     Boston.     8°,  $3.50. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Boston,  Gray  &  Bowen.     8°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Stereotyped  by  T.  Rutt,  London.  New  York,  Amer- 
ican Bible  Society.     8°,  $1.00. 

The  English  Version  of  the  Polyglot  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Key  & 
Meilke.     12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Pittsburg,  H.  Holdship  &  Son.     12°,  50c. 


434 


Appendix. 


>■ 


I 


Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Waitt  &  Dow.      \t^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  George  Clark.      12°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Concord,  N.  H.,  Moses  G.  Atwood.     12",  50c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8°,  50c. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  Stimpson  &  Clapp.     8^,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Baltimore,  P'ielding  Lucas,  Jr.     12°,  $1.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  McElrath  &  Bangs.  12°, 
$1.50. 

The  Family  Expositor:  Dr.  Doddridge.     New  York.     8°,  $1.25. 

New  Testament :  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     120,50c. 

New  Testament:  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Luke  Loomis  &  Co.     12'',  50c. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Ludwig  &  Tolefree.     12°,  50c. 

Pocket  Reference  Testament :  Baltimore,  Armstrong  &  Plaskitt. 
240,  50c. 

New  Testament :  Baltimore,  F.  Lucas,  Jr.     32°,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Exeter,  N.  IL,  James  Derby.     12°,  50c. 

Critical  and  Explanatory  Notes  :  Ezekiel  I.  Chapman.  Utica.  12°, 
50c. 

1832. 

Sacred  Writings:  Bethany,  Va.,  A.  Campbell.     12°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Baltimore,  B'ielding  Lucas,  Jr.     40,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  McCarty  cS:  Davis.     40,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Hale's  Steam  Press.     8°,  750. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  J.  A.  Ballard.     %°,  7Sc. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.  3  vols.  New  York,  Collins  &  Hannay. 
8°,  $2.25. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     8°,  $1.50. 

Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Middletown,  Conn.,  \Villiam  H.  Niles.     12°,  50c. 

Pocket  Reference  Bible:  Baltimore,  Armstrong  &  Plaskitt.  24°, 
50c. 

New  Testament:  Baltimore,  F.  Lucas.     12°,  $1.50. 

A  Harmony  of  the  Kings  and  Prophets :  Kittery,  Maine,  Stephen 
Merrell.     8°,  $2.00. 


Appendix. 


435 


New  Testament:  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  B.  F.  Brookfiekl.    32^,  50c. 
St.  Matthew  and  the  Acts  in  Cherokee:  New  Echota.     24*-',  $1.50. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     Fol.,  $3.50. 
A   Practical  Exposition  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Luke :  New  York, 
Protestant  Episcopal  Press.     8°,  75c. 

Polymicrian  Testament:  New  York,  Jonathan  Leavitt.    32'^,  $1.00. 


French  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 


12*^,  soc. 


tt. 


New  Testament:  Philadelphia  and  Tuscumbia,  Ala.     8°,  $2.50. 

The  Acts  in  Cherokee:  New  Echota.     24^^,  $1.00. 

Genesis  in  Chippewa:  York,  Canada.     8°,  $1.25. 

Key  tp  Revelation :  Elkan  Smith,  New  York.     8^,  50c. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible:  New  York,  T.  Kinnersley.     Fob,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Saratoga  Springs,  G.  M.  Davison.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     40,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Brattleborough,  Vt.,  Peck  &  Wood.     40,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  John  Doyle.     8c,  $1.00. 

The  Cottage  Bible.  2  vols.  New  York,  Conner  &  Cooke.  8°, 
$1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  With  Amendments  of  the  Language.  By  Noah  Web- 
ster, LL.D.     New  Haven,  Durrie  &  Peck.     8°,  $2.25. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Conner  &  Cooke.     12°,  50c. 

German  Bible:  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz  &  Cohn.    12°,  50c. 

A  New  and  Corrected  Version  of  the  New  Testament.  By  Ro- 
dolphus  Dickinson.  Boston,  Lilly,  W^ait,  Colman  &  Holden.  8'^, 
$2.50. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  John  C.  Riker.  32'^.  Sterling  cur- 
rency reduced  to  dollars  and  cents.     12^,  $i.oo. 

New  Testament  in  Chippewa :  Albany,  Packard  &  Van  Benthuysen. 
12°,  $2.25. 

St.  Luke  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  McElrath,  Bangs  &  Herbert. 
12C,  $1.25. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Towar,  Hogan  &  Thompson.  I2°, 
50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Cincinnati.     4^,  $3.00. 


436 


Appendix. 


Commentary  on  the  Holy  Hihle.     By  Rev.  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.     6 
vols,     riulndclphia.     Royal  8^,  $8.oo. 


It 

t 


1834. 

Child's  Hihle:  Philadelphia,  Fisher  &  Bro.     lip,  $2.00. 

Kpitome  of  Sac  ed  History:  New  York.      l6^,  75c. 

Holy  Bihic:  New  York,  D.  D.  Smith.     8^,  $2.00. 

Polyglott  Bilile:  Brattlel)orough,  Yt.     8*^,  75c. 

First  Corinthians  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  Mctlrath  &  Bangs.     16^, 
$1.00. 

Acts  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  McElrath  &  Bangs.     12",  $1.00. 

Newcome's  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Cireek:  Andover,  Mass., 
Gould  &  Newman.     8^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bil)le:  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     4",  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4'^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  C.  Alexander  &  Co.     4^',  $1.25. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  Paragraphed  by  James  Nourse.     Boston,  Perkins,  Mar- 
vin &  Co.     I2^\  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Arranged  in  I'aragraphs  and  Parallelisms  by  T.  \V, 
Coit,  n.I).     Cambridge,  Manson  &  Grant.     12^,  $1.25. 

The  Right-Aim  School  Bible :  Boston,  Rufus  Davenport.  12°,  $1.50. 

The  Right-Aim  Testament:  Boston,  Rufus  Davenport.     12^^,  $1.00. 

German  Bible:  Philadelphia,  George  \V.  Mentz  &  Cohn.     12'-',  50c. 

Isaiah.     By  Bishop  Lowth.     Boston,  William  Hilliard.     8°,  75c. 

The  Child's  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Henry  F.  Anners.     142°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :    Arranged   in    Paragraphs   and   Parallelisms   by 
T.  AY.  Coit,  D.D.     Cambridge,  Manson  &  Grant.     I2^\  $1.00. 

New  Testament:  After  the  Rheims  edition  of  1582.     Address  to 
Protestants.     New  York,  Jonathan  I.eavitt.     12^,  $150. 

The  General  History  of  the  Christian  Church.    By  Pastorini.    New 
York,  John  Doyle.     12°,  $1.00. 

An  K.xposition  of  the  Gospels  of  St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark.     By 
Rev.  Richard  Watson.     New  York.     8^,  75c. 

Scott's  Bible:  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     5  vols.     4°,  $3.50. 


Appcmiix. 


437 


6 


1835- 

■Spanish  Bible.     17  vols.     Mexico,  Mariano  flalvnn.     16°,  $10.00. 

Spanish  Bible.     10  vols.     Mexico,  C.  C.  .Sebriiig.     4^',  $12.00. 
'   Miniature  of  the  Holy  Bible:  .Sanbornton,  N.  II.     $2.50. 

Commentary  on  the  Kpistles.     By  Dr.  Macknight.     I'liilailelpliia. 
8^,  $1.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  B.  &  G.  Collins.     12^, 
50c. 

Ephesians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  B.ites.     12^^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bilile :  Greek  and  English.     New  York,  Charles  Starr.     4*", 
$2.00. 

The  Devotional  Family  Bil)le.     By  Rev.  Alexander  Kletcher,  D.  D. 
London  and  New  York,  Yirtuc,  Enimins  &  Co.     4^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Andrus  &  Judd.     4",  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  11.  &  E.  Phinney.     4*-',  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Robins(m,  Pr.itt  &  Co.     8«,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  Edward  Sanderson.     8°,  75c. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston,  George  Gaylord.     8*^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible :  Paragraphed  by  James  Nourse.    Boston,  Perkins,  Mar- 
vin &  Co.      12*5,  50c. 

German  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     I2^\  50c. 

Genesis  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,  Christian  Guardian  Office.     12^, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament  in  Modern  Greek :  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.     12'^,  50c. 

Luther's  German  Version  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  John :  Cambridge, 
James  Munroe  &  Co.     12^,  50c. 

Acts  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     \2^,  $1.00. 

Galatians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12^,  $1.00. 

Epistle  to  the  Romans :  Translated  by  M.  Stuart.     Andover.     8~^, 
$1-50. 

'      ■    1836.        "; 

German  Bible :  Philadelphia.     Small  4*',  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8-,  $3.00. 


438 


Appendix. 


Alex- 

16^, 

.  50c- 


Holy  Hil)le:  \ew  York,  Jolin  Doyle.     8^-,  50c. 

('Iirist()l()t;y  of  the  Old  Testainvnt.     Hy  Dr.  ilcngslcnberg. 
andria,  D.  C.     8^,  $3.00. 

I'olyglott  Ilihlc:  Concord,  N.  II.,  Roby,  KimhalKS:  Mcrrcll, 
$1.00. 

I'olytjlott  IJible:  Woodstock,  Vt.,  J.  H.  &  S.  L.  Chase  &  Co, 
$1.00. 

Pronouncing  Tcstuinent :  Uoston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     12^^ 

New  Testament :  I'ara^jriiphed  by  James  Nourse.      12',  50c. 

Evantjclical  History:  Boston,  Joseph  Dowe.      12^,  50c. 

New  Testament  in  Moilern  Greek :  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.    12^,  50c. 

New  Testament.     4  vols.     In  raised  letters  for  the  blind.     Boston, 
American  and  Massachusetts  Bible  Societies.     4^,  $5.00. 

I'irst  Corinthians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     13°, 
$1.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  .Shawanoe  :  Shawanoe  Baptist  Mission  Press.     16^, 
$1.00. 

Philippiau".  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12^-',  $1.00. 

Philippiiins :  Dr.  Eastburn.     New  York.     12,50c. 

Colossians  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12'-",  $1.00. 

Thessalonians  in    Moh.iwk :    New  York,    Howe  &   Bates.      12'-, 
$1.00. 

St.  Timothy  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.      12*^,  $1.00. 

St.  Titus  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12'-",  $1.00. 

St.  Philemon  in  Mohawk:  New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.     12'-,  $1.00. 

Hebrews  in  Moh.iwk:   New  York,  Howe  &  Bates.      12",  $1.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  Moh.iwk:  New  York,  Howe  &  B.ites.      12^,  $1.00. 

St.  John  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  Young  Men's  Bible  Society.     12°, 
$1.00. 

St.  James,  First  and  Second  Epistles  of  St.  Peter,  and  First  Epistle 
of  St.  John,  in  Mohawk.      I2~-,  .$1.00. 

Second  Epistle  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk.      16^,  $1.00. 

Revelation  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk.     16'^,  $1.00. 

Third  Epistle  of  St.  John  in  Mohawk,     id'^,  $1.00. 

St.  Jude  in  Mohawk.      16^,  .$1.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament :  New  York,  Collins,  Keese  &  Co.     12°, 
50c. 


I\ 


Appendix, 


439 


\ 


Holy  liihie:  Ilurtrord.     4  \  $2.50. 
Coiumcntary  on  the  Gospel  of  St.  John :  Huston. 


16^,  50c. 


St.  Luke  in  Chippewa:  Hoston,  Crocker  &  Urcwiici.     12*-%  $1.25. 

Cireek  Tcstnincnt :  Huston,  IVrkins  iV  Marvin.     8^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Hihle:  New  York,   C.  Mason  iV  (..  Lane.     4^^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Hil)le:  New  York,  Nafis  &  C!ornish.     4",  $2.00. 

Holy  Hilile:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  K.  I'hinney.     4"^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Hil)le:  Swedcnhort^iun.      Hoston,  Otis  Clapp.      12'-,  $3.00. 

Holy  Hihic:  Haltiinorc,  FicMiny;  Lucas,  Jr.      12^,  $2.00. 

Pocket  Kefercnie  Hible:  Haltimore,  Armstrong  iv  Hcrry.     24^,  50c. 

Holy  Hible:  Hartford,  Judd,  Loomis  &  Co.     24^',  $1.00. 

Holy  Hible.  2  vols.  Stebliing's  Diamond  Kdition.  London  and 
New  York.     32'',  $1.00. 

A  New  Translation  of  the  Hebrew  Prophets.  Hy  George  R.  Noycs. 
3  vols.     Hoston,  James  Monroe  &  Co.      12  ,  $2.00. 

Life  of  our  Lord  in  the  very  Words  of  Scripture :  Shawanoe  Mission 
Press,     12",  $4.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  N.  &  J.  White.     4°,  $1.25. 

Kxjjlanatory  Notes  upon  the  New  Testament.  Hy  John  Wesley. 
New  York,  T.  Mason  &  G.  Lane.     8-,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  American  Hible  .Society.     8°,  50c. 

Greek  Testament.  2  vols.  Edited  by  Ur.  Hloomfield.  Hoston, 
Perkins  &  Marvin ;  New  York,  Gould  &  Newman ;  Philadelphia, 
Henry  Perkins.     8«,  $1.75. 

New  Testament.  By  Rev.  George  Townsend.  Revised  by  Rev. 
T.  W.  Coit,  D.D.     8c,  $1.50. 

New  Testament:  Reprint  of  the  Tyndale  Edition  of  1526.  Edited 
byj.  P.  Dabney.     12^,  $1.25. 

The  Four  Gospels  :  Translation  of  Rev.  George  CampbeU.  Andover, 
Gould  &  Newman.     8^,  $1.00. 

Key  to  Revelation.  Hy  Elkan  Smith.  Boston,  Whipple  &  Damrell. 
i2'-\  50c. 

Indian  Prayer  Book  in  the  Language  of  the  Six  Nations.  By 
Rev.  Solomon  Davis.  New  York,  Swords,  Stanford  &  Co.  12°, 
$3.50. 


440 


Appendix. 


1838. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Andrus,  Judd  &  Franklin.     Fol.,  $4.00. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Baltimore,  Lewis  &  Coleman.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cincinnati,  U.  P.  James.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 

The  Old  Testament :  Rev.  George  Townsend's  Notes.  Revised  by 
Rev.  T.  W.  Coit,  D.D.  Boston,  Perkins  &  Marvin;  Philadelphia, 
Henry  Perkins.     8°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  8°, 
50c. 

Job.     By  George  R.  Noyes.     Boston,  James  Monroe.      12^^,  75c. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  Collins,  Keese  &  Co.,  and 
Dean.      12°,  50c. 

New  Testament :  Baptist  Translation.  New  York,  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.      12^,  50c. 

St  John  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24°,  $1.00. 

Psalms  :  Notes  by  G.  Bush.     New  York.     8°,  75c. 

Forty-six  Select  Scripture  Narratives  from  the  Old  Testament  in  the 
Delaware  Indian  :  New  York,  D.  Fanshaw.     12^,  $4.00. 

Acts  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.      12",  $1.25. 

St.  John  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     12^,  $1.25. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Haswell,  Barrington  &  Haswell. 
\i~,  50c. 

1839. 

St.  Matthew  in  Ojibwa:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     12°,  $1.00. 

Lsaiah  in  Mohawk :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.    iS'^,  $1.25. 

Genesis,  Daniel,  etc.,  in  Dakota.     24°,  $1.00. 

Genesis  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.     16^,  $1.00. 

Parts  of  St.  Matthew,  St.  Luke,  etc.,  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Ken- 
dall &  Barnard.     24c,  $1.25. 

St.  John  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.  24*^,  $1.00. 

St.  Mark,  etc.,  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard.  24°, 
$1.00. 

Acts  in  Cherokee:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     I2^\  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  K.  Phinney.     4"^,  $2.00. 


Appendix. 


441 


by 
a, 


id 
id 


le 


Sacred  Writings :  Pittsburg,  Alex.  Campbell.     8°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Jesper  Harding.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Concord,  N.  H.,  Roby,  Kimball  &  Merrell.    4^^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cuhimiskey.     8*^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  8°, 
50c. 

The  Old  Testament :  Notes  by  Rev.  George  Townsend,  revised  by 
T.  W.  Coit,  D.D.     8°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Robert  P.  Desilver.     1 2'^,  7Sc. 

New  Testament:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4°,  $1.25. 

German  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     12'^,  $1.25. 

New  Testament :  With  Amendments  of  the  Language.  Dr.  Web- 
ster.    New  Haven,  S.  Babcock.     12°,  $1.00. 

The  Family  Expositor:  Dr.  Doddridge.  Amherst,  Mass.,  Charles 
McFarland.     8°,  $1.00. 

Portuguese  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  8°, 
75C- 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins ;  Boston,  Perkins 
&  Marvin.     32°,  $1.00. 

The  Comprehensive  Bible :  New  York,  Robinson  &  Franklin.  4°, 
$2.00. 

French  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     1 2*^,  50c. 

The  History  of  Joseph  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Henry. 
160,  $1.50. 

1840. 

St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark  in  German:  Lebanon,  Pa.     12°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     40,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 

Polyglott  Family  Bible:  Keene,  N.  H.,  J.  &  J.  W.  Prentiss.  12°, 
$1.00. 

An  Abstract  of  the  History  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments :  New 
York,  John  McSweeny.     12'=,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     12°,  50c. 

Polyglott  Family  Testament:  Keene,  N.  H.,  J.  &  J.  W.  Prentiss. 
12-,  50c. 


442 


Appendix. 


\ 


New  Testament :  With  Amendments  of  the  Language.  Dr.  Web- 
ster.    New  Haven,  S.  Babcock.     12^,  $1.00. 

Polyglott  Bible :  Boston,  Charles  Gaylord  &  William  O.  Blake.  4^-, 
$1.50. 

Isaiah :  Notes  by  Rev.  Albert  Barnes.    3  vols.    Boston.    12°,  $l.  50. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4^,  $2.00. 

Book  of  Psalms  Translated  into  Verse.  By  George  Burgess.  New 
York.     12^,  $1.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°,  50c. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.     32*^,  50c. 

St.  John's  Epistles  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill  Mission  Press.  24*^, 
$1.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill  Mission  Press. 

St.  Matthew  and  St.  Mark  in  German :  Lebanon,  Pa. 


24*^,  $1.00. 
12S  $i.5o- 


1841. 


St.  John  in  Chahta:  Park  Hill.     24'^,  $1.00. 

St.  John  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     $1.00. 

New  Testament  in  Ottawa:  Shawanoe  Mission  Press.     16°,  $2.00. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.     32°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  In  embossed  letters  for  the  blind.  8  vols.  New  York. 
4^\  $7.00. 

Exposition  of  the  Pentateuch.  By  Rev.  Henry  Blunt.  Philadel- 
phia, Hooker  &  Agnew.     12°,  500. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Monroe  &  Frtmcis.     8\  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Thomas,  Cowperthwaite  &  Co.    8^^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     8",  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cumml.  'cey.  •  8'^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  With  Amendments  of  the  Language.  Dr.  Webster. 
New  Haven,  N.  Webster.     32^,  $1.50. 

German  Testament :  Philadelphia,  George  W.  Mentz  &  Cohn.  12*^, 
50c. 


Polyglott  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Thomas,  Cowperthwaite  &  Co. 


12°, 


50c. 

Exodus  :  Notes  by  George  Bush.     2  vols.     Boston.     12°,  $1.00. 

The  Cottage  Bible:  Hartford,  Conn.,  Tiffany  &  Burnham.     2  vols. 
8*-,  $1.00. 


\\ 


r 


Appendix. 


443 


1842. 

St.  Matthew  in  Shawanoe:  Baptist  Mission  Press.     $1.25. 

Acts  in  Cherokee:  I'ark  Hill.     24'-',  $1.25. 

CJenesis  and  Part  of  I'salms  in  Dakota :  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Bar- 
nard.    16*-',  $2.00. 

St.  Matthew  in  Choctaw :  Uoston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     I2^\  $1.50. 

The  Second  Dakota  Reading  Book  :  Stories  from  the  Old  Testament 
in  Santee.     Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     16"-',  $3.00. 

St.  John  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati.     I2^\  $1.00. 

Dew  Drops:  A  .Selection  of  Texts.  New  York,  American  Tract 
Society.     132^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bil)le:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     Fol.,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bilde:  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott.     8^',  50c. 

Isaiah :  A  Comment  on  the  23d  Chapter.  Springfiehl.Wood  &  Rui)p. 
8^,  50c. 

New  Testament :  Phil.idelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4^,  50c. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadller.     12^,  $1.00, 

Creek  Testament:  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow.     12  ",  50c. 

Creek  Testament:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.      12*^,  50c. 

Creek  Testament:  New  ^'(>rk,  Leavitt  &  .Mien.      12'\  50c. 

New  Testament :  Pliil.idclphia,  Kimher  i!v:  Sharpless.     4  ,  50c. 

Prayer  Book  in  Mohawk.  By  Rev.  A.  Nelles.  Hamilton,  Rutli- 
ven's  Bock  &  Job  Oflice.     8",  $3.00. 


1843. 

St.  Luke  and  St.  John  in  Dakota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard. 
12",  $1.00. 

St.  John's  Lpistles  in  Cherokee:  P.irk  Hill  Mission  Press.  24*^, 
$1.00. 

St.  James  in  Choctaw:  Park  Hill.     24",  $1.00. 

Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  the  Acts,  and  Revelation  in  Dakota:  Cincin- 
nati, Kendall  &  Barnard.     12^,  $1.00. 

.St.  Luke  and  St.  John  in  D.ikota:  Cincinnati,  Kendall  &  Barnard. 
12S  $1.00. 

Creek  Test.iment :  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves.     8 -,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     Fol.,  $3.00. 


444 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible:  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney.     4",  $2.00. 
Pictorial  Bible :  New  York,  J.  S.  Kedfieltl.     8^,  $3.00. 

1844. 

St.  Mark  in  Abnaki:  Montreal.     I2^\  $2.00. 

St.  John  in  Ottawa:  Shawanoe.      l6^\  $1.00. 

Romans :  Notes  by  Dr.  Chalmers.  New  York,  Robert  Carter.  8°, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa.     lO*-",  $2.50. 

Part  of  Revelation  in  Choctaw:  Park  Mill.     24^,  $1.00. 

St.  M.atthew  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.00. 

St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24'^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   I'hiladelphia,  Isaac  M.  Moss.     4^^,  $12.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.     \^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  The  Bible  Association  of  Friends  in 
America.     8^\  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  \  ,rk,  Edward  Dunig.an.     8^\  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible.     3  vols.     New  York,  ^V.  E.  Dean.     8^\  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  R.  S.  H.  George.     8^\  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  H.artford,  S.  Andrus  &  Son.     8^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Lindsay  &  Blakiston.     12^,  50c. 

Errata  of  the  Protestant  Bible :  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier.  8°, 
$1.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society. 
8-\  50c. 

Joshua  and  Judges :  Notes  by  George  Bush.     Boston.     120,50c. 

St.  Matthew  and  the  Acts  in  Pottawotomi:  Louisville,  Ky.,  W.  C. 
Buck.      12^,  $13.00. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves.     32*^,  50c. 

Greek  Testament:  New  York,  \V.  E.  Dean.     i2'-\  50c. 

German  P>ii)le:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12'^,  50c. 

Commentary  on  the  New  Testament.  4  vols.  Philadelphia,  Carey 
&  Hart.     4^,  $2.50. 

Expository  Notes  on  the  New  Testament.  By  William  Burkett.  2 
vols.     8^,  $2.25. 

Acts:  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.     Boston.     12^,  50c. 


Appcmii. 


445 


1845. 

St.  ^[atthew  in  Choctaw  :  Hoston,  Crocker  &  Hrewstcr.     S*-',  $2.00. 

St.  John  ni  Choctaw:  IJoston,  Crocker  &  Ikewstcr.     12^,  $1.25. 

St.  Luke  in  Choctaw:  iJostun,  Crocker  &  Brewster.     12^,  $1.25. 

St.  Mark  in  Choctaw:  Hoston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.      12",  $1.25. 

Creek  Testament :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow.     8^,  50c. 

Creek  Testament :  New  V'ork,  J.  C.  Riker.     4^^,  75c. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek:  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
8-\  50c. 

Holy  Rihle:  New  York,  D.  &  J.  S.idlier.     40,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  S.  Andrus  &  Son.     Fol.,  $2.50. 

Holy  ]5il)le:  Designed  for  the  Use  of  Students.  New  York,  J.  C. 
Riker.     4^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  8'^, 
Soc. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cunimiskey.     8^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Coojierstown,  H.  &  K.  I'hinney.     8'-,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  Benjamin  Adams.     8^,  50c. 

The  Complete  Kv.angelist :  New  Limdon,  Bolles  &  Williams.  12°, 
50c. 

The  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  in  Four  Books :  Rev.  Charles  C.  Pise, 
D.l).     New  York,  Johnson,  Fry  &  Co.     4^,  $1.00. 

Polyglot  Bible:  Franklin,  N.  IL,  Peabody  &  Daniel.      12°,  50c. 

New  Testament  Conunentary:  Rev.  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  Philadel- 
phia.    80,  $1.25. 

1846. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     4*^,  7Sc. 

The  Hluminated  Bible:  New  York,  Harper  i\:  Bros.     4",  .$5.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Troy,  W.  &  H.  Merriam.     4°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cun  niiskcy.     8",  $1.50. 

Pentateuch  in  Hebrew.  5  vols.  Rev.  Isaac  Leeser.  Philadelphia, 
C.  Sherman.     8^,  $10.00. 

Commentary  on  CJenesis  and  Psalms.  By  Bishop  P.itrick.  2  vols. 
Philadelphi.i,  Carey  &  Hart.     8°,  $1.50. 

The  Psalms :  A  New  Version.  By  George  R.  Noycs.  Boston, 
James  Monroe  &  Co.     12'^,  75c. 


446 


Appendix. 


The  Proverbs,  Ecclesiastes,  and  the  Canticles  :  A  New  Version.  By 
George  R.  Noyes.     Boston,  James  Monroe  &  Co.     12'',  75C' 

Pictorial  Testament:  New  York,  J.  S.  Redfield.     8"^,  $1.2$. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia.     8°,  50c. 

Genesis :  Notes  by  Dr.  Turner.     New  York.     8°,  75c. 

The  Family  Expositor :  Dr.  Doddridge.  Amherst,  Charles  McFar- 
land.     8^,  75c. 

Greek  Testament.  2  vols.  Edited  by  Dr.  Bloomfield.  Boston, 
Perkins  &  Marvin ;  New  York,  Gould  &  Newman ;  Philadelphia, 
Henry  Perkins.     8°,  $1.50. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves.  32*^, 
50c. 

The  Anglo-Saxon  Version  of  the  Holy  Gospels :  Edited  by  Benja- 
min Thorpe.     New  York,  Wiley  &  Putnam.     12°,  $2.00. 

An  Examination  of  the  Testimony  of  the  Four  Evangelists,  by  the 
Rules  of  Evidence  Administered  in  Courts  of  Justice.  By  Simon 
Greenleaf,  LL.D.  Boston,  Charles  C.  Little  &  James  Brown.  8°, 
$2.00. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Philadelphia.     4°,  $1.00. 

French  Testament :  Quebec.     8^,  $5.00. 

Acts :  Notes  by  Rev.  A.  Barnes.     New  York.     12°,  50c. 


1847. 

The  Gospels:  Notes  by  Rev.  Albert  Barnes.  New  York.  12^, 
50c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Kimber  &  Sharpless.     4°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament  Commentary :  Rev.  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.  Philadel- 
phia.    8^,  $1.25. 

St.  John  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.00. 

St.  James  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24*^,  $1.00. 

Greek  Testament :  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     12^,  50c. 

Collectanea  Evangelica  in  Greek  :  Baltimore,  Gushing  &  Bro.  16°, 
50c. 

Gospels  and  the  Acts  in  Greek:  New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.  12°, 
50c. 

Holy  Bible.     2  vols.     Philadelphia,  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.     4°,  $1.00. 


Appendix. 


447 


Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8*^,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible ;  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8*^,  50c. 

German  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     I2^\  50c. 

Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans.  By  Robert  Haldane. 
New  York,  Robert  Carter.     8°,  50c. 

Proverbs :  Notes  by  Rev.  Charles  Bridges.     New  York.     8*^,  75c. 

The  Apocalypse :  Notes  by  David  N.  Lord.  New  York,  Harper  & 
Bros.     8",  75c. 

1848. 

St.  Peter's  Epistles  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill  Mission  Press.  24°, 
$1.00. 

St.  John's  Epistles  in  Cherokee :  Park  Hill  Mission  Press.  24°, 
$1.00. 

Ephesians  in  Cherokee:  Cherokee  Baptist  Mission  Press.  24°, 
$1.00. 

Acts  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Miller  &  Burlock.     4-,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Harvey  Griffith.     4°,.  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Sumner  &  Goodman.     4",  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Cooperstown,  H.  &  E.  Phinney ;  Buffalo,  F.  W.  Breed. 
40,  $1.00. 

Polyglott  Bible :  Boston,  Phillips  &  Sampson.     %'^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Edward  W.  Miller.     4^,  50c. 

New  Testament  in  Choctaw :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 
12C,  $1.50. 

St.  Luke  in  Grebo:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  16°, 
50c. 

German  Testament:  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Gustav  S.  Pieters.     12°,  75c. 

Polymicrlan  Testament:  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins.     32°,  50c. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins ;  Boston,  Benj.  Per- 
kins.    80,  50c. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins ;  Boston,  Perkins  & 
Marvin.     8",  50c. 

Greek  Testament :  Boston,  B.  Perkins ;  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins. 
8°,  50c. 


448 


Appendix. 


New  Testament :  Translated  by  Jonathan  Morgan.  Portland,  S.  II. 
Colesworthy.     12^,  $1.50. 

Phonetic  Testament :  Philadelphia,  A.  Komstock,  M.D.     8°,  $2.00. 

1849. 

St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Buffalo,  Phinney  &  Co.     4^,  $i.oo. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  S.  Andrus  &  Son.     4^',  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cincinnati,  E.  Morgan  &  Co.     4'^,  $1.00. 

Hebrew  Bililc  :  Isaac  Leeser.     New  York,  John  Wiley.     8°,  $5.00. 

Holy  Bible ;  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 

The  Four  Ciospels.  By  Rt.  Rev.  Francis  P.  Kcnrick.  New  York, 
Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8^,  $1.00. 

The  Good  News  of  our  Lord  Jesus  (Millerite  Testament)  :  Boston, 
Joshua  Y.  Ilimes.     12^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Aubuin.     4'^,  $1.00. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°,  50c. 

Collectanea  Evangelica  in  Greek :  New  York,  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 
16°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     4°,  $1.00. 

The  Book  of  Psalms  :  With  Commentary  by  Rev.  George  Home, 
D.D.     New  York,  Robert  Carter  &  Bro.     8^,  75c. 

1850. 

St.  James  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.00. 
St.  Luke  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.00. 
St.  Matthew  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill  Mission  Press. 
Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins. 
Holy  Bible:   London    and   New  York,  Tallis,  Willoughby  &  Co. 
P'ol.,  $2.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Wanzer,  Foote  &  Co.     40,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Troy,  Merriam,  Monre  &  Co.     ^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  John  B.  Perry.     40,  $1.00. 

Greek  Testament :  Notes  Ijy  Dr.  Bloomfield.    New  York.    8°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bilde:  Concord,  N.  IL,  Luther  Roby.     4°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  .V.  C.  Goodman  &  Co.     4^^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     S'-',  $2.00. 


240,  $1.00. 
32^,  50c. 


Appendix. 


449 


II. 


)o. 


lO. 


k, 


4S 


50c. 


p. 


Holy  Bible;  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cummiskey.     8-^,  $1.25. 

Danish  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12^,  75c. 

Portuguese  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12^, 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Thomas,  Cowperthvvaite  &  Co. 
$1.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Hewctt  &  Spooner.     8°,  75c. 

(Jerman  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^, 

English  and  Spanish  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.    12°,  50c. 

The  Gospels  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,  A.  F.  Plees.     8°,  $1.75. 

Genesis  in  Grebo :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     1 8^,  50c. 

The  Psalms :  In  raised  letters  for  the  blind.     New  York,  American 
Bible  Society.     4",  $3.00. 

The  Four  Gospels :  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.    2  vols.     12^,  $1.00. 

Acts  in  the  Arrawack  Language:  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.     18°,  $2.00. 

Job:  A  New  Version.     By  G.  R.  Noyes.     Boston.      12^,  75c. 

Daniel :  Notes  by  M.  Stuart.     New  York.     S'J,  75c. 


1851. 


e, 


12°,  50c. 
8-,  50c. 


Greek  and  Latin  Testament :  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean. 
Harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  Greek :  Boston,  Crocker. 
Holy  Bible:  Baltimore,  Joseph  Neal.     Fob,  $2.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.     4^,  75c. 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  James  A.  Bill.     4'=,  75c. 
Holy  Bilile.     2  vols.     Philadelphia,  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.     4°,  75c. 
Holy  Bil)le:  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     4°,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Samuel  llueston.     4*^,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  James  M.  Alden.     40,  $1.00. 
Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  A.  C.  Goodm.in  &  Co      4°,  $1.00. 
.  Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Pratt,  Woodford  &  Co.     8°,  75c. 
Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^\  50c. 
Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 
Family  Bible :  New  York,  American  Tract  Society.     8=,  50c. 
New  Testament :  Syriac  Peshito  Version.     Rev.  James  Murdock, 
D.D.     New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords.     8^,  $3.00. 


450 


Appendix. 


The  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  Epistles  of  St.  Paul,  the  Catholic 
Epistles,  and  the  Apocalypse.  By  Bishop  Kenrick.  New  York,  Ed- 
ward Dunigan  &  Bro.     8^,  75c. 

Acts  in  Grebo:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     18°,  $1.00. 

An  Analysis  of  the  24th  Chapter  of  Matthew.  By  Iliram  Carlton. 
Windsor,  Chronicle  Press.     8^,  50c. 

First  Epistle  of  St.  Peter:  Translated  by  Rev.  John  T,  Demarest. 
New  York,  John  Moffet.     8>-\  $1.00. 

Expositionof  the  Apocalypse.    ByT.  \Vickes.   New  York.    12^,500. 

Philippians:  Notes  1)y  I)r.  Neander.     New  York.     8'^,  75c. 

The  (General  History  of  the  Christian  Church,  Chiefly  Deduced  from 
the  Apocalypse.     By  Pastorini.     New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier.    12°,  50c. 

Ecclesiastes :  Notes  by  Moses  Stuart.     New  York.     12*^,  50c. 

1852. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  1).  &  J.  Sadlier.     4'^,  $2.00. 

German  Bible:  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier.     %^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cunimiskey.     8°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Boston,  Patrick  Donahoe.     8^-,  $1.50. 

Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bil)le  Society.     8°,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  So'-iety.     8°,  50c. 

French  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12°,  50c. 

Joshua,  Judges,  and  Ruth  in  Choctaw :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.      I2^~,  $2.50. 

Samuel  and  First  Book  of  Kings  in  Choctaw :  New  York,  American 
Bible  Society.     12^,  $1.50. 

New  Testament :  Boston,  Patrick  Donahoe.     8°,  50c. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  George  Lane  &  Levi  Scott.     8°,  50c. 

German  Testament:  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier.     8-,  $1.00. 

An  Exposition  of  the  New  Testament.  By  Hezekiah  Woodruff. 
Auburn,  Henry  Oliphant.     16°,  $1.25. 

A  New  Harmony  and  Exposition  of  the  Gospels.  By  James  Strong. 
New  York,  Carlton  &  Phillips.     8^,  $1.00. 

St.  John  in  Mpwongwe :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  18°, 
$2.00. 


IC 

d- 


n 


Hebrews  in  Greek  and  Englisli:  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords. 

8",  75c. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°,  50c. 

Proverbs  :  Notes  by  Moses  Stuart.     New  York.     1 3'^,  50c. 

St.  James:  Notes  by  Dr.  Neander.     New  York.     12^,  50c. 

Acts  in  Greek;  New  York,  Leavitt.     I2^\  50c. 

Scripture  Histories  of  the  Okl  and  New  Testaments  in  Chippewa: 
Detroit  Daily  Tiihunc  and  Job  Print.     16^,  $2.00. 

Judges:  Notes  by  Georye  Husli.     Boston.      12  ,  50c. 

Joshua:  Notes  by  George  Bush.     New  York.     12-,  50c. 

1853. 

Holy  Bible:  Hartford,  Silas  Andrus.     Fol.,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bil)le:  New  York,  George  Virtue.     4-,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     4°,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  iV  Co.     4^,  $2.00. 

The  Twenty-Four  Books  of  the  Holy  Scriptures:  Translated  by 
Rev.  Isaac  Leeser.     Philadelphia.     4^,  $5.00. 

Annotated  Paragraph  Bible:  New  York,  C.  B.  Norton.     8°,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Jesper  Harding.     4*^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.     S'^,  50c. 

The  Self-Explanatory  Reference  Bible:  New  York,  R.  Carter  & 
Bros.     8^,  .$1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8°,  50c. 

Family  Bible  :  New  York.     8^,  50c. 

Exposition  of  the  Prophet  Jeremiah :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan 
&  Bro.     16^,  soc. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  &  Co.     40,  500. 

Spanish  Testament:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.  12'^, 
$1.00. 

Manual  of  the  Gospels  :   New  i'ork,  Carlton  &  Phillips.      12°,  50c. 

Exodus  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.50. 

St.  Matthew  in  Micmac:  Charlottetown,  G.  T.  Haszard.  16°, 
$1.25. 

Polymicrian  Testament :   Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser.     32°,  50c. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:  New  '/ork,  W.  E.  Dean.     12°,  50c. 


45^ 


Appcudix. 


Circek  Harmony  of  the  Onspels :  llDston,  C!rocker  &  Hrcwsicr. 
8^,  50c. 

Konmns  in  Greek  and  English  ;  New  \'<>rk,  Stanford  &  Swords.    8°, 

75*^- 

West's  Analysis  :  New  York.     8^,  75c. 

Pniycr  Hook  and  I'salnis  in  Mohawk  :  New  York,  Protestant  Kpisco- 
pul  'I'ratt  Society.     16-,  $3,00. 

I'rayer  Hook  in  Ojibwa:  Toronto,  Henry  Rowsell.      12*^,  $2.50. 

The  Ciospels  for  Sundays  ami  Principal  Festivals :  l)u))U(|ue,  luwo. 
12",  50c. 

Daniel:  Notes  by  Rev.  Alhert  liiirnes.     New  York.     12",  50c. 

1854. 

Holy  nilile :  New  York,  Georj;e  Yirtue.     4°,  $2.00. 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa:  Toronto,  Henry  Rowsell.     8^^,  $6.75. 

St.  John  in  Micmac:  Halifax,  \V.  Cunnahell.     12'-',  $1.00. 

St.  John  in  Cherokee:   Park  Hill.     24",  $1.00. 

The  Conijirehensive  Bible :  Lippincott,  (ir.imbo  &  Co.     4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Jesper  Hardintj.     ^^,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.     4",  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Syracuse,  Mills,  Hopkins  &  Co.     4^,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bil)le:  Philadelphia,  Bible  Association  of  Friends  in  America. 
8^,  50c. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8",  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bil)le  Society.     S'^,  50c. 

Danish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8",  75c. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  New  York  Bible  and  Common  Prayer  Book 
Society.     8-,  50c. 

The  Gospel  by  Moses,  in  the  Book  of  Genesis :  New  York,  Edward 
H.  Fletcher.     8^3,  5c , 

New  Testament :   Philadelphia,  E.  H.  Butler  &  Co.     4°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :   Philadelphia,  Thomas  Davis.     8°,  50c. 

Italian  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  Unitm.     8°,  75c. 

German  and  English  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.    12«,  50c. 

French  and  English  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.     12°,  50c. 


Appendix. 


453 


New  Testament ;  New  \'i)rk,  I'.dwiird  Dimi^^iin  \  Ilro.      iR-,  50c. 

A  Nfw  llarniDiiy  iinil  Mxpositiiin  nf  tlie  (lospiN;  New  \'ork| 
Cnrleton  iV  I'liilliji'..     S,  $1.00. 

Tlie  History  iif  Christ,  according  to  Insjiiration :  ]k)ston,  IIciUli 
&  Clruves.     12  ^  50c. 

The  Second  ICpistlc  of  Peter,  the  Kpistles  of  John  and  Judc,  and 
the  Revelation:   New  Vork,  American  Bible  L'ninn.     4  ,  75c. 

Greek  Harmony  of  the  (lospels  :  New  ^'o^k,  J.  C.  Kiker.      12  ,  50c. 

Greek  Testament:  New  Vork,  Leavitt  &  Allen.      \l  ,  50c. 

Clreek  Testament:  I'hiiadelphia,  i-ippinco,  ,  Clramlu)  i*v:  Co.  u  , 
Soc. 

Greek  Testament:    I'hiladeli)hia,  Clark  i\:  Hesser.     8^,  75  . 

Greek  Harmony  of  the  Gospels :  New  Vork,  Harj)  '  &  Hr  ).-.  12^; 
50c. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  \\.  C.  Peck  &  Theodor."  liliss.  8  , 
75c. 

Greek  Testament:  Philadelphia,  Harrington  tV  Haswell.      12  ,  jOc. 

Sabbath  Scripture  Readings  :   K.  Cumming.     IJostor       ,..;'^,  50C. 

St.  Matthew  in  Muskokee:    Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.25. 

Second  Kings  in  Choc.aw :  New  Vork,  American  bible  Society. 
12*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  IWble:  Auburn,  William  J.Moses,  and  Miller,  };ton  &  Mul- 
ligan.    4^\  $1.00. 

The  Gospels:  With  Notes  by  Rev.  Albert  liarncs.  New  Vork. 
12^,  50c. 

The  Four  Gospels  :  Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.  2  vols.  Hoston. 
12  \  $1.00. 

Holy  Hible:  Auburn  and  Rochester,    ihun  &  Ileardsley.   4^,  $1.00. 

Comprehensive  Bible  :  Philadelphia,  Lijipincott,  Grambo  &  Co.  4^, 
$3.00. 

Holy  liible:  Philadelphia,  H.  ■  .  Peck  &  Tlieo.  Bliss.  Imperi.il 
40,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  John  B.  Perry.     4-,  .$2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Sheldon,  Lamport  iS:  Hlakenian.  4°, 
$2.00. 


454 


Appendix. 


V 


Holy  Bible:   New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     4°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  Imperial  4°, 
$1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Troy,  Merriam,  Moore  &  Co.     40,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Cincinnati,  More,  Wilstach,  Keys  &  Overend.  4°, 
$1.50. 

A  Comprehensive  Commentary.  5  vols.  Rev.  William  Jenks,  D.D. 
Philadelphia.     8°,  $6.00. 

Holy  Bible:   New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     S'S,  $2.00. 

The  Pronouncing  Bible:  Israel  Alger,  Jr.  Philadelphia,  W.  S. 
Young.     12^,  $1.00. 

Romans:   Notes  by  A.  A.  Livermore.     Boston.     12°,  Soc. 

The  History  of  Job:  Washington,  D.  C,  Samuel  Reese.  8°, 
$2.00. 

New  Testament :  Syriac  Peshito.  Dr.  Murdock.  New  York, 
Stanford  &  Swords.     8'^,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Robert  R.  Collins.     8*^,  soc. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8",  50c. 

English  and  Welsh  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.    I2^\  50c. 

A  Translation  of  the  Gospels  with  Notes.  By  Rev.  Andrew  Nor- 
ton.    2  vols.      Boston,  Little,  Brown  &  Co.     8^,  $1.00. 

The  Gospels :  With  Moral  Reflections  on  each  Verse.  By  PasquiT 
Quesnel.     2  vols.     Philadelphia,  Parry  &  McMillan.     S'^,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  M.  Carey.     4'^  $2.00. 

First  Three  Chapters  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel  in  Greek  and  Eng- 
lish :   New  York,  American  Bible  Union.     4^,  75c. 

Ilelirews  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords. 

Romans  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords. 
8°,  75c. 

Greek  Testament :   New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     12*^,  .i;oc. 

Poiymicrian  Testament:  Philadelphia,  II.  C.  Peck  &  Theodore 
Bliss.     32^,  soc. 

Greek  and  Latin  Testament:   Lippincott,  Granibo&  Co.     12^^,  50c. 

Commentary  on  the  Four  Holy  Gospels :  PJiiladelphia,  Herman 
Hooker.     8^,  $1.00. 


Appendix. 


455 


1856. 

Hebrews  in  Greek,  with  Commentary.  By  Rev.  Dr.  Sampson.  New 
Y'^rk,  Robert  Carter  &  Bros.     8^,  75c. 

Acts  in  Greek:  New  York,  Leavitt.     12°,  50c. 

Ephesians  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York,  Dana  &  Co.     8°, 

75c. 

St.  John's  Gospel  in  Greek  and  English:  New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     4°,  75c. 

Greek  and  English  Testament:  Geneva,  111.,  B.  Wilson.  12°, 
50c. 

Greek  Testament :  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott.     8°,  75c. 

Polymicrian  Testament :  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theodore 
Bliss.     32°,  50c. 

Psalms  in  Chippewa:  Toronto,  H.  Rowsell.     12°,  $1.25. 

Genesis  in  Cherokee:  Park  Hill.     24°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     40,11.50. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.     op,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  &  Co.     4^,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.  Imperial  4°, 
$1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  T.  K.  Collins,  Jr.     4°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Jesper  Harding.     4°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  John  B.  Perry.     4*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo.  Bliss.     40,  $1.00. 

Ecclesiastes :  Notes  by  Dr.  Macdonald.     New  York.     12*^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Charles  Desilver.     4^^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Auburn,  William  J.  Moses.     4°,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8°,  $1.50. 

Holy  Bible:  Electrotyped.  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 
80,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Bible  Association  of  Friends  in  America. 
80,  50c. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  Lindsay  &  Blakiston.     8^^,  50c. 

Spanish  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 

The  Book  of  Job:  English  and  Hebrew.  New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     40,  $1.00. 

The  Prophets  of  the  Restoration  :  Translation  of  Rev.  T.'V.  Moore, 
D.D.     New  York.     80,  $1.50. 


456 


Appendix. 


Dutch  and  English  Testament :  New  York,  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety.    12^,  50c. 

Spanish  and  English  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.      12^,  50c. 

Ephesians  :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hodge.  New  York,  Robert  Carter 
&  IJros.     8^,  75c 

French  Bil)le:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12*^,  50c. 

New  Testament  in  Ojibwa:  New  York,  American  IJible  Society. 
16S  $1.50. 

Translation  of  the  Gospels  with  Notes.  2  vols.  Rev.  Andrew 
Norton.     Boston,  Little,  Brown  &  Co,     8^\  $1.00. 

Commentary  on  the  Four  Gospels.      By  S.  II.  Tyng,  D.D.     8^, 

75c. 

The  Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Thessalonians :  New  York,  Amer- 
ican Bible  Union.     4*^,  $1.00. 

The  Epistle  to  the  Galatians  in  Greek  and  English :  New  York, 
Dana  &  Co.     8°,  7Sc. 

The  Last  of  the  Epistles  :  Frederick  Gardinier.       Boston.     8°,  75c. 

The  Divine  Library,  or  Cyclopedia  of  Inspiration  :  Baltimore,  T.  H. 
Stockton.     12^^,  50c. 

Exposition  of  the  Gospels  of  Matthew  and  Mark.  By  Rev.  Richard 
Watson.     New  York.     8*^,  $1.00. 

1857. 

The  Pictorial  Bible:  New  York,  Robert  Sears.     4°,  $1.00. 

Notes  on  the  Gospels.  By  Rev.  Charles  H.  Hall.  2  vols.  New 
York.     12^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     40,  $2.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  John  B.  Perry.     4^,  ."fLOO. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.     4^',  $1.00. 

Comprehensive  Bible:  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.  4*-, 
$3.00. 

Holy  Bil lie:  Philadelphia,  Whilt  &  Yost.     4",  $1.00. 

HolyBiUle:   Pbiladelpliia,  Jesper  Harding  &  Son.     4^',  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Pliihulelphia,  E.  H.  liutler.     4  ,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Auburn  and  Buffalo,  John  I'"..  Beardsley.     4^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  Buffalo,  Phinney  &  Co,     4^,  $1.00. 


Appendix, 


45; 


Holy  Bible:  Dayton,  O.,  E.  A.  &  T.  T.  More.     4^,  $2.00. 

The  Family  Uihle:  New  York,  American  Tract  Society.    8^,  $1.00. 

Cottage  Bible  and  Family  Expositor.  2  vols,  llartfonl,  Case, 
Tiffany  &  Cc.     8^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bil)le  :   New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     8^,  50c. 

Portuguese  Bible:  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     12*^,  50c. 

The  Book  ol  Job:  New  York,  American  Bible  Union.     4°,  75c. 

The  Psalms,  Book  of  Wisdom,  and  Canticle  of  Canticles.  By  Arch- 
bishop Kenrick.     Baltimore,  Lucas  Brothers.     S^-,  $3.00. 

New  Testament:   New  York,  1).  &  J.  Sadlicr  &  Co.     4°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament :   Philadelphia,  Charles  Desilver.     8',  75c. 

The  Family  Expositor :  Dr.  Doddridge.  New  York,  Robert  Carter 
&  Bros.     Royal  8°,  $1.00. 

Hawaiian  and  English  Testament:  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     12*^,  $1.00. 

The  Epistles  of  Paul  to  the  Thessalonians :  New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     4",  75c. 

The  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians :  Greek  and  English.  New  York, 
American  Bible  Union.     4^,  75c. 

The  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews :  Greek  and  English.  New  York,  Amer- 
ican Bible  Union.     4'^,  75c. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  Peck  &  Bliss.     4-,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  1).  tV  J.  Sadlier.     40,  $3.00. 

Greek  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  :  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster.  8°, 
50c. 

Acts :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander.     New  York,  Charles  Scrib- 

ner.     2  vols.     12^^,  $2.00. 

1858. 

Epistles  to  the  Corinthians,  Galatians,  and  Ephesians  in  Cherokee ; 

Park  Hill.     24^,  $1.25. 

Holy  Bible:   New  York  and  Nashville.     Imperial  4°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  D.&  J.  Sadlier.     4-,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Aul)urn,  ^Villiam  J.  Moses.     4^,  $1.00. 

The  Pictorial  Bible :   New  York,  Rol)crt  Sears.     4'-\  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:    Philadelphia,  J.  P..  I.ippincott  &  Co.     40,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Philadelphia,  John  B.  Perry.     4^,  $1.00. 


458 


Appendix. 


Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Whilt  »t  Yost.     4-\  $i.oo. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  Jesper  Harding.     4^",  $l.oo. 

Holy  Bible :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Ilro.     4^-,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Buffalo,  Phinney  &  Co.     4^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     8*^,  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible :  Boston,  Patrick  Donahoe.     8^,  50c. 

Welsh  Bible :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     1 2°,  50c. 

New  Testament:  Sawyer's  translation.    Boston,  J.  P.  Jewett  &  Co. 
12O,  75c. 

New  Testament :  Philadelphia,  Eugene  Cumniiskey.     8°,  $1.00. 

New  Testament  and  Student's  Memorandum  Book.    4  vols,    Phila- 
delphia, T.  H.  Stockton.     12^,  $2.00. 

New  Testament :  New  York,  Edward  Dunigan  &  Bro.     12c,  50c. 

New  Testament :    Syriac   Pebliito  Version.      Rev.  Dr.  Murdock. 
New  York,  Robert  Carter  &  Bros.     8^,  $2.50. 

The  Gospel  According,  co  Matthew :  Greek  and  English.  New  York, 
American  Bible  Union.     4'-',  75c. 

Holy  Bible :  Scott's  Notes.    6  vols.    Philadelphia.    J^oyal  8°,  $6.00. 

The  Gospel  According  to  Mark :  Greek  and  English.     New  York, 
American  Bible  Union.     4'^,  75c. 

Expository  Thoughts  on  the  Gospels :   Rev.  J.  C.  Ryle.     2  vols. 
New  York,  Robert  Carter  &  Bros.      12^,  50c. 

Poetical  Expression  of  the   Gospels.      By  William  J.  Knowles. 
Boston.     12^,  50c. 

Acts  of  the  Apostles :  Greek  and  English.     New  York,  American 
Bible  Union.     4^',  75c. 

An  Exposition  of  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians :  Dr.  Hodge. 
Robert  Carter  &  Bros.      12^.  50c. 

An  Exposition  of  the  Apocalypse  of  St.  John  the  Apostle.     By  a 
Secular  Priest.     Boston,  Patrick  Donahoe.     S'^,  75c. 

Hebrews :  New  York,  American  Bible  Union.     4^,  75c. 

The  General  History  of  the  Christian  Chuich.    By  Pastorini.    New 
York,  D.  &  J.  Sadlier  &  Co.     12^,  75c. 

Psalms :  Notes  by  Dr.  Tholuck.     Philadelphia,  William  S.  &  Al- 
fred Martien.     8'^,  $1.00. 

1859. 

The  Gospel  of  John :  Greek  and  English.     New  York,  American 
Bible  Union,     i^,  50c. 

Greek  Harmony  of  theGospcls  :  Boston, Crocker  &  Brewster.  8^\  50c. 


Romans  in  Greek  and  Kng'.ish :  New  York,  Randolph.     8  ,  50c. 

Old  Testament  Stories  in  Algontiuian  :  Montreal.     18^,  $1.25. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible:  New  York,  Johnson,  Fry  &  Co.  Fol., 
$3.00. 

Illuminated  liihle:   New  York,  Harper  &  Bros.     4'',  $2.00. 

Acts:  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  llackett.  Boston,  Gould  &  Lincoln. 
SO,  $1.00. 

Holy  IJible:   New  York,  Cornish,  Lamport  &  Co.     4^-,  .$1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen.     4^,  $1.00. 

Collateral  Bible :  Philadelphia,  John  Laval  &  S.  F.  Bradford.    3  vols. 

4",  $1- so- 
Holy  Bible:  Philadelphia,  Jesper  Harding  &  Son.     4^',  $1.00. 

Holy  Bible:   Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.     4'^,  $1.00. 

Proverbs  of  Solomon  Illustrated :  New  York,  Robert  Carter  & 
Bros.     8^,  $1.00. 

The  Book  of  Job  and  the  Prophets  :  Archbishop  Kenrick.  Balti- 
more, Kelley,  Hedian  &  Piet.     8^,  $2.00. 

The  Pentateuch :  Archbishop  Kenrick.  Baltimore,  Kelley,  Hedian 
&  Piet.     8^\  $2.00. 

The  Historical  Books  of  the  Old  Testament:  Archl  ishop  Kenrick. 
Baltimore,  Kelley,  Hedian  &  Piet.     8^,  $2.00. 

The  Greek  Testament :  Henry  Alford.  Vol.  i.  Now  York,  Harper 
&  Bros.     8«,  $1.00. 

Expository  Thoughts  on  the  Gospels,  with  the  Text  Comj)lete: 
Rev.  J.  C.  Ryle.  4  vols.  New  York,  Robert  Carter  &  ISros.  12^, 
$1.00. 

The  Epistle  to  the  Romans :  Greek  and  English.  By  Rev.  Dr. 
Turner.     New  York,  Anson  D.  F.  Randolph.     8  ,  50c. 

The  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews:  Greek  and  English.  By  Rev.  Dr. 
Turner.     New  York,  Anson  D.  F.  Randolph.     8^,  50c. 

The  Four  Gospels  with  Commentary.  By  Rev.  David  Brown,  D.I). 
Philadelphia,  William  &  Alfred  Martien.     8^,  50c. 

Isaiah :  Barnes's  Notes.  2  vols.  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen. 
12",  75^. 

The  Four  Gospels  in  Cree:  Moose  Factory,  Hudson  Bay.  16°, 
$3.00. 

Colossians  :  With  Lectures  by  Rt.  Rev.  Daniel  Wilson.  New  York. 
12",  50c. 


I 


I 


46o 


Appendix. 


Isaiah  :  Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander.     2  vols.     New  York,  John 

Wiley.     8",  $2.00. 

i860. 

New  Testament  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible  Society. 
12-,  .fi.25. 

Philippians,  Colossians,  and  Thessalonians  in  Cherokee :  New  York, 
American  Hible  Society.     2\^,  $1.00. 

Epistles  to  St.  Titus,  St.  Philemon,  and  Hebrews  in  Cherokee: 
New  York,  American  Bible  Society.     24°,  $1.00. 

Epistles  to  St.  Timothy  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24^,  $1.00. 

!'"pistles  of  St.  Peter  in  Cherokee:  New  York,  American  Bible 
Society.     24'^,  $1.00. 

Epistles  of  St.  John  in  Cherokee :  New  York,  American  Bible  So- 
ciety.    24^",  $1.00. 

Pronouncing. Bible:  New  York,  Carleton  &  Porter.     8°,  75c. 

Psalms:  Notes  by  Dr.  Alexander.  3  vols.  New  York.  12°, 
$2.00. 

Minor  Prophets  :  Commentary  by  Rev.  E.  Henderson.  Andover, 
Warren  F.  Draper.     S'-,  $1.00. 

Psalms:   Notes  by  Rev.  Dr.  Home.     New  York.     8^,  $1.00. 

Expository  Thoughts  on  St.  Mark.  By  Rev.  J.  C.  Ryle.  Nevir 
York,  Harper  &  Bros.     12^,  50c. 

1861. 

The  Five  Books  of  Moses  in  Ojibwa :  Toronto,  Lovell  &  Gibson. 
8°,  $2.00. 

The  Annotated  Paragraph  Bible :  New  York,  Sheldcm  &  Co.     8*^, 

7SC. 

New  Testament  as  Revised  and  Corrected  by  the  Spirits :  New 
York,  Leonard  Thorn.     8°,  $3.00. 

Holy  Bible.  3  vols.  London  and  New  York,  J.  S.  Virtue.  Fol.,. 
$4.00. 

Psalm  cxix. :  Notes  by  Rev.  Charles  Bridges.  New  York,  Robert 
Carter  &  Bros.     8°,  75c. 

An  Exposition  of  the  Apocalypse.  By  John  Thomas,  West  Ho- 
boken,  N.  J.     8^^,  750. 


Appendix. 


461 


List  of  Books  Rklating  to  American  Bibles.  1 

Aboriginal  Tril3es  of  North  America :  Samuel  Drake,  8°. 

American  Dictionary  of  Printing  and  Bookmaking.     4°. 

Annals  of  the  English  Bible  :   Christopher  Anderson.     8°. 

A  Critical  Bibliography  of  the  Greek  New  Testament  as  published  in 
America:  Dr.  Isaac  H.  Hall.     8°. 

A  Bil)liogra|i'iical  Account  of  Catholic  Bibles,  Testaments,  and 
other  P(jrtions  of  Scripture,  translated  from  the  Latin  Vulgate  and 
printed  in  the  United  States:  John  G.  Shea.     12°. 

Baptist  Encyclopedia :  Rev.  Dr.  Cathcart.     4°. 

Bibliography  of  the  Algonquian  Languages :  James  C.  Pilling.    8*2. 

Bibliography  of  the  Iroquoian  Languages :  James  C.  Pilling.     8°. 

Bibliography  of  the  Muskhogean  Languages  :  James  C.  Pilling.    8°. 

Bibliography  of  the  Athapascan  Languages  :  James  C.  Pilling.    8^. 

Bibliography  of  the  Siouiin  Languages  :  James  C.  Pilling.     8*^. 

Bibliotheca  Biblica :   William  Orme.     8°. 

Bibliograffa  Mexicana  del  Siglo  XVL  :  Joaquin  Garcia  Icazbalceta. 

Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum,  Part  I.,  Bibles.     Royal  4°.   . 

Catalogues  of  choice,  rare,  and  valuable  books  in  all  languages  issued 
by  Trubner  &  Co.,  London,  from  1859  to  1877.     8". 

Cyclopedia  Bibliographica :  James  Darling.     4^. 

Encyclopedia  of  the  Presbyterian  Chv.ich  in  the  United  States  of 
America:  Rev.  Alfred  Nevin,  D.D.,  LL.D.     8°. 

History  of  the  Translations  which  have  been  made  of  the  Scriptures 
from  the  earliest  to  the  present  age,  throughout  Europe,  Asia,  Africa, 
and  America:  Rev.  Herbert  M.irsh,  D.D.     8°. 

History  of  the  American  Bible  Society:  Rev.  William  P.  Strick- 
land, D.D.     8^. 

History  and  Antiquities  of  New  England,  New  York,  and  New 
Jersey :  John  W.  Barber.     8°. 


1  The  books  that  treat  directly  and  solely  of  American  Bibles  are 
few  in  number.  Of  most  of  the  volumes  in  this  list  it  can  be  said  that 
they  deal  with  the  subject  in  a  fragmentary  way. 


462 


Appendix. 


History  of  Catholic  Missions  among  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  United 
States  :  John  (J.  Shea.     12'^. 

History  of  Trintiny  in  America:  Dr.  Isaiah  Thomas.     8'^. 

History  of  the  United  .States  :  George  Hancroft,  D.C.L.     8^. 

Illustrations  of  nil)lical  Literature:   Dr.  James  Townley.     S*^. 

Life  of  John  Kliot :    Rev.  Nehemiali  Adams.      I2^. 

Life  of  Jolin  Kliot :  C.  Francis.     12^. 

Life  of  the  Ilonoralile  Roljert  Boyle:  Thomas  Birch.     12*^. 

List  of  Bibles  printed  in  the  United  States  prior  to  i860:  Dr.  E.  B. 
O'C.iUaghan.     4^. 

List  of  Editions  of  the  Bible  and  Parts  thereof  in  English :  Henry 
Cotton,  D.C.L.     8^. 

Memorial  History  of  Boston:  Edited  by  Dr.  Winsor.     4°. 

Memoirs  of  the  Rev.  John  Eliot:   Martin  Moore.      12^^. 

Manual  of  Biblical  Bibliography:  T.  II.  Home,  D.D.     8^. 

Minnesota  Historical  Collections.     8". 

Old  Bibles :  J.  R.  Dore.     12'-". 

Principal  Translations  of  Holy  Scriptures:  T.  G.  Hagemann.     8°. 

Reports  of  the  transactions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society. 
80. 

Reports  of  the  transactions  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society. 
80. 

Reports  of  the  transactions  of  the  Connecticut  Historical  Society. 
8c. 

Reports  of  the  transactions  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society. 
8°. 

Reports  of  the  transactions  of  the  American  Philological  Society. 
8". 

Specimens  of  some  of  the  languages  an<l  dialects  in  which  the 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  has  printed  or  circulated  the  Holy 
Scriptures.      16^. 

.Specimen  Verses  in  215  languages  and  dialects,  in  which  the  Holy 
Scriptures  have  lieen  printed  and  circulated,  by  the  Biblt  .Society  : 
Philadelphia.      i63. 

The  Bible  of  Every  Land :  Bagster  &  Sons.     4*^. 

The  British  Librarian :  T.  Lownes.    8'^. 


I 


INDEX. 


Al)l)ott,  Jacob  and  John   S.   C, 

commentators,  344. 
Ahnaki,   St.   Mark   in,  319,  320, 

400 ;  price  of,  444. 
Acts,  275,  278,  285,  291,  295,  298, 

394.  395.  397.  39^.  4°!.  402, 
403,  404,  406,  407,  408,  435, 

436,  437.  440.  443.  444.  445. 
446,  447,  449,  450,  451,  455, 

457.  458.  459.  4^0. 

Adams,  James,  first  printer  of  Del- 
aware, 348. 

Adams,  John,  his  estimate  of 
Thomson,  117. 

Aitken,  Jane,  continues  the  print- 
ing business  of  her  fatlier,  323 ; 
imprint  of,  113,  114,  418. 

Aitken,  Robert,  petitions  Con- 
gress, 57;  action  of  Congress, 
57,  58;  his  Memorial  for  exclu- 
sively printing  the  Hible  re- 
fused, 64 ;  extent  of  his  loss,  64 ; 
his  tribulations,  66;  notice  of 
his  life,  67.  i 

Aitken  Bible,  appeared  in  1782,  j 
59 ;  indorsetl  by  Presbyterians,  j 
64 ;  its  clainj  of  being  the  first 
Biljle  printed  in  English  in 
America  considered,  60,  61,  62,  I 
63;  copy  in  the  P.ritish  Mu- ' 
seum,  t)3 ;  noted  copies,  65  ;  | 
prices  jiaid  for,  384 ;  list  of  > 
owners  of  the,  383,  384. 

Aitken  New  Testament,  first  edi-  , 
tion  of,  56 ;  second,  tiiird,  and  ' 
fourth  editions  of,  57,  60 ;  prices  . 

of,  385-  ! 

Albany,  187,  206,  216,  271,  286,  : 

3<'2.  393.  394.  412,  421,  423. 
424,  427,  428,  429,  431,  435.      I 

463 


Alemany,  Archbishop,  edited  a 
Spanisli  Testament,  166. 

Alexander,  D.D.,  Rev.  A.,  com- 
mentator, 203,  457,  460. 

Alexander,  Caleb,  edited  a  Greek 
Testament,  133. 

Alexandria,  1)    C,  356,438. 

Alford,  D.D.,  Rev.  Henry,  edited 
a  Creek  Testament,  138,  459. 

Alger,  Jr.,  Israel,  edits  a  I'ro- 
nouncingliible,  186, 188;  sketch 
of,  189,  190. 

Algoncpiian,  first  translations  in, 
3 ;  Eliot  Testament  and  Bible 
in,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  12,  14; 
Lord's  I'rayer  in,  1 1 ;  ways  of 
spelling  the  word,  10;  nature 
of  the,  10,  11;  words  lacking 
in  the,  10;  extent  of,  275,  276; 
various  ])ortions  of  Scripture  in, 
269,   270,   271,  272,   273,    274, 

275- 

Allegheny  College;  honors  Isaiah 
Thomas,  87 ;  owns  the  manu- 
script of  Thomson's  translation, 
118. 

Allen,  Cardinal,  assists  in  the 
translation  of  the  Rheims  Tes- 
tament, 156. 

Allioli,  Dr.,  edits  Douay  Bible  in 
(Jerman,  164. 

Allison,  D.D.,  Rev.  Patrick,  pre- 
sents memorial  to  Congress  in 
behalf  of  the  Aitken  Bible,  55. 

Amat,  Don  Felix  Torres,  edited  a 
.Spanish  Bible,  31 1;  biograph- 
ical notice  of,  311,  312. 

American  Anticjuarian  Society,  ac- 
count of,  87,  88;  owns  co]>ies 
of   the   Eliot  Bible,  377,  378; 


464 


Index. 


owns  11  copv  of  the  Aiikcn  I!il)lc, 

ArnoricaH  ltil)le  Society,  oryaiiiza- 
tion  of,  2()i  ;  criLts  tlic  Mihle 
lIuu.M',  202;  i-xtciit  of  lilirary, 
262 ;  volumes  issued  l)y,  2b2 ; 
receipts  of,  262;  extent  of  trans- 
lations liy,  2(\? ;  expedition  with 
wliicli  IliMes  areprinteil  liy,  2(14, 
205;  Inst  I'cstanient  in  modern 
lireek  by,  140;  report  of  \er- 
sion  C'onniiiltee  of,  23";  error 
inu  lliiile  printed  l>y,  2,^S;  owns 
a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Itilile,  J5S4. 

American  Itilile  I'nion,  orj;ani/a- 
tion  of,  2()();  issues  a  llaptist 
version,  2<)(). 

American  ami  I'"orcij;n  Hihlc  So. 
ciety,  orjjani/aiion  of,  2(15,  2()t>. 

American  Phijo^upliical  Society, 
owns  copies  of  the  Eliot  Bible, 

378; 
American  ruhlishdP^Coinpany,  is- 
sued a  new  version  of  the  l>il)le, 

American    Sundav-school    Union, 

181. 
American  Tract  Society,  employed 

Dr.  .\nilersoii  as  engraver,  257. 
Andierst,  4JI,  441,  446. 
.\iiderson,     1  >r.     Alexander,    en- 

jjraver,  25'\  257. 
Andovcr,  ,^yi.  ,?i)4,  305,  396,  401, 

42:.   4,?I,  4.^n,  4:;7,  4  V),  4(10. 
Andovcr    Theoloi^ical    Sennnary, 

owns  co|)ies  of  the  l-.liot  IJible, 

377.  3-S. 
Andrew  >,   Kev.  W  illiam,   transla- 
tor, 2S1,  2S2. 
Antietani  C'liurch,  owns  a  copy  of 

the  Saur  I'.ible,  :^S2. 
Appciulix  to  the  New  Testament, 

4>i). 
Arch,  John,  translator,  277. 
•Vrclideaconry   of    the    Niobrara, 

Mission  Press  in.  303. 
Arrawack,  history  of  the  Passion 

in,  414,  jirice  of,  414;   Acts  in, 

449,  ]>rice  .>f,  449. 
Ashurst,  William,   once  owned  a 

copy  of  the  Eli(jt  IJiblc,  20. 


Aspinw.all,    Hon.    'I'honms,    once 
owned  an  I'lliot  'I'estament,  K). 
Astor  Library,  owns  an  I'lliot  liii)le, 

377  i  l""'i;*-'  P'li'l  fw  Eliot  Itiblo 

by,  3X0. 
Atlanta,  (ia.,  357. 
Auburn,   N.    \'.,   233,  402,   448, 

449,  450,  453,  455,  450,  457. 
Aut;usta,  (\i\.,  357. 
A/tec,   nuuniscripts  in,  305,  306; 

St.  I  -uke  in,  307. 
IJabcock,   John,   early   jirinter  of 

Hartford,  350. 
liailev,    Kev.  J.   R.,  edits  Douay 

liible,  i()6. 
IJalch,   Stiles,   Wright  &  Co.,  en- 
gravers, 308. 
Haltiniore,  140,  152,  162,  167,  i()8, 

177,   2 to,  248,'   250,   255,    3S8, 

390,  392,  395.  40i.  4>3.  41S, 
419,  420,  432,  434,  439,  440, 
44(),  449,  45(1,  457,  459. 

Bancroft,  (leorge,  (pn>tc(l  concern- 
ing a  supposed  earlv  Bible,  61, 
62. 

T?a|)tist  Board  of  Missions,  271. 

Baptist  Mission  I'ri'^s,  271). 

JJiir,  Johann,  early  ])rinter  of  Lan- 
caster, i'a.,  1^4,  155. 

Barclay,  D.D.,  Rev.  Ilcnry,  trans- 
lator, 282. 

Parker,   Rev.  Francis,  translator, 

275- 
Barnard,  Rev.  John,  ]iam])hrase(l 

portions  of  the  liiblc,  ^36 
Barnard,  Vt.,  421. 
Barnes,    Rev.   Alfred,   connnenta- 

tor,  401,  403,  446,  459. 
Baxter,    Rev.    Richard,  pre>ented 

a  copy  of  the  Eliot  Testament,  5. 
Beauchamp,     Rev.     William    ^L, 

Mohawk  prayer-book  described 

by,  281,  282. 
]>eauties  of  the  Bible,  389 ;  price 

of,  416. 
Bedell,  Rev.  Cingory  T.,  edits  the 

Collateral  Bible,  206. 
Belchertown,  ^Lass..  359. 
Bement,  Clarence  S.,  owns  a  copy 

of   the    I'diot   Testament,    376; 

price  jiaid  lor  ICliot  Testament 


Jiithx. 


4^>5 


I 


f 


''y«  379!  (iwiis    a  copy  of   tlic 

Suur  Hilik',  .iS2. 
Benson,    I'.jjlitri,    translated    the 

Apostolic  l''.pisilcs,  2J3,  234. 
Hcntluy,      Kriissclacr,     f(lilc(l     a 

school  Testament,  ,^41. 
Ucrlin,  Royal  I,iliraryof,  owns  at) 

J''.]iot   I5il)lc,  376;  owns  a  Sftur 

i:il)lc,  3S0. 
Ikvhany,  Va.,  357,  358,  3()5,  431, 

43.?.  434- 

Ik'thlchcni,  Pa.,  27,?,  3S6. 

Hihle  Assiiiiatioii  of  l''iicn(ls  in 
.America,  account  of,  2()5. 

Hil)les  by  the  pound,  25. 

]iil>les  for  the  Miiid,  220,  221. 

l?il)lia  .Americana,  51. 

His  il,  Conrad,  head  of  the  l''.ph- 
rata  Connnunity,  27. 

Blatchford,  Rev.  Henry,  transla- 
tor   272    27  1. 

Hlattiid.er'tier,"  D.I)..  Kev.  J.  W 
\V.,  owns  a  Saur  Bible,  3S1. 

Uloondleld,  1).!).,  Rev.  S.  'I'., 
edited   the    (Ireek    Testament, 

I37- 
Blunt,  I'vcv.  1 1  cnry,  commentator, 

39(),  442. 
Bodleian   Library,  owns  copies  of 
the  Mliot  Testament  and  liible, 

37<''.  378- 
Boston,  early  ]irintin^  in,  335, 
336;  editions  of  the  Scri|)tures 
printed  at,  So.  Sfi,  135,  137,  it;y, 
169,  179,  180,  181,  1 82,  1S4, 
186,  187,  18S,  200,  208,  210, 
212,    213,    214,    221,    222,    229, 

231,  233,  237,  24S,  250,  253, 

255.  270.  3^''.  3S9.  390,  .192, 

393.  394.  39.=;.  396.  397.  39^. 

399,  400,  401,  402,  403,  404, 

405,  406,  407,  408,  409,  410, 

412,  413,  414,  415,  416,   417, 

418,  419,  420,  421,  422,  423, 

424,  425,  426,  427,  428,   429, 

430,  431,  433,  434,  435,  436, 

437.  43^.  439.  44°.  442,   443. 
445,  446,  447,  449,  450,  451. 
^Boston   Athemeum,    owns   copies 
of    the   Eliot    Bible,    21,    377, 
.378. 


IJoston    Ihxily   .lih'tr/i.ur    Press, 

.?42. 
lloston  i'nblic  Library,  ownscopies 

of  the  Idiot  Uible,  377,  378. 
l>()U<linot.  lion,  I'.lias,  electe<l  first 

president  of  the  .American  liible 

Society,  2f)2. 
I'oudinot,    Mr.    I'dias,    translator, 

278. 
liouripiin,  1'".,  owns  Aitken  Bibk', 

Ilowdoin  ('olle{;e,  owns  copies  of 
the  I'.Iint  P.iiile,  377,  37S. 

liowen,  l,l,.l).,  Francis,  tribute  to 
Charles  Tlmnison  by,  119. 

Hnyd,  j.,  engraver,  248. 

lioyle,  lion.  Robert,  receives  forty 
copies  of  the  J'lliot  Testament, 
5;  sustains  Mr,  l'".liot's  work  by 
^jifts  of  money,  14,  15;  dedica- 
tion of  the  Mliot  Piblc  to,  375. 

Mradbury,  .Mary  A.,  owns  two 
co])ies  of  the  Aitken  JJible,  f),, 

3«4- 

Bradford,  William,  early  printer  of 
PhilailelphiaandNew  \'ork,322, 
32S  ;  prints  the  Prayer-book  in 
.Moh.'iwk,  281,  328;  issui's  pro- 
posal to  jirint  the  Bible  in  I'-ng- 
iish,  322. 

P>;;iMdmiiller,  J.,  early  printer  of 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  273. 

lirant,  Captain  Joseph,  translator, 
283. 

l!rattleborou},rh,Vt.,  353,  392,  395, 
396,  399,  424.  425.  42f>,  430. 
431.  435.  4.?6. 

Braunschwei};,  Duchess  Eliza- 
beth Sophie  Marie  von,  re- 
ceives a  copy  of  the  Saur  Bible 
from  Dr.  Luther,  34. 

Bridjreport,  Conn.,  352,  392,  428. 

Bridges,  Rev.  Charles,  commen- 
tator, 402. 

l$rinley  Catalogue,  note  in,  16. 

JJrinley  Lil)rary  sale,  16,  48,  270, 

275.  283- 

Bristow,  D.D.,  Rev.  Richard, 
translates  the  Rheinis  Testa- 
ment, 156. 

British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 


466 


Index. 


prints  the  Syriuc  Testament, 
IJK;  iiids  the  l'hila<lel|ihiik  Hi- 
hie  Society  in  stereotypiiij;,  Ii»2  ; 
prints  the  (iuspel  ol  St.  Mat- 
thew in  Micnuic,  ,iiy;  ()lfer> 
one  thonMnid  (h>lhirs  to  the 
first  Ilii)le  Society  ory;ani/e<i  in 
America,  2()o;  owns  an  liliot 
I'estanunt  and  Itible,  376,  .?78. 

liritish  Miiseuhi,  owns  a  vahialile 
copy  of  the  Aitken  Hilile,  ().?, 
_^S_5 ;  owns  copies  of  the  I'ih'ot 
Testanu'iit  and  llihle,  J76,   \,11. 

Urooktield,  Mass.,  ^^Sy,  jijo,  415, 
417.  41S,  419,  42,2. 

Urookiyn,  416. 

Krown,  David,  translator,  277, 
27«. 

Ifrown,  D.D.,  Kev.  Joiin,  edite<l 
the  Seh- Interpreting;  IJilile,  10.^, 
104,  105. 

Ilrown,  Jolin  Carter,  lil)rary  of 
tiie  late,  contains  coi)ies  of  the 
I'lliot  i'estanient  and  Mihle,  ,?7(), 
Mil  yi^);  price  paid  for  I'Miot 
liihie  l>y,  ,?So. 

Ih-own,  |.  Stanford,  owns  a  copy 
of  the"Sanr  IWhle,  383. 

ilrown,  William,  first  printer  of 
Canada,  320;  prints  I'rayer- 
book  in  Mohawk,  320. 

Hrown  l'niver>ity,  owns  the 
Ko^er  Williams  copy  of  the 
I'Miot  liihie,  19,  377. 

lirownson,  1,1,.  D.,  < ).  .\.,  his  opin- 
ion of  the  Kenrick  version  of 
the  Douay  IJihle,  lOS. 

liriiie,  David,  hiojjraphical  notice 
of,  194,  195. 

Ihnice,  D.  iV  G.,  first  stereotypers 
of  the  Bible  in  the  United 
States,  193. 

liiirtalo,  247.  248,  287,  392,  426, 
448,  45b,  458, 

liurkitt,  William,  commentator, 
400. 

lUirlin^ton,  \.  J.,  346,  3S9,  416. 

liush,  Ceorge,  commentator,  399, 
401,  403,  404. 

liyint^ton,  Kev.  Cyrus,  translator, 
290 ;  sketch  of,  294. 


Calculation  of  number  of  chapters, 
verses,  etc.,  in  the   Hible,  in, 

Camhridije,  Mass.,  47,  133,  134, 
182,   418,  419,  426,  430,  43a, 

Campbell,  Kev.  A.,  editor  of  New 
'i'estament  and  founder  of  thu 
sect  of  "  Canipbellites,"  395. 

Campbell,  D.  |).,  Kev.  (ieorjjc, 
e<lited  the  Four  (iispcls,  325. 

Canaila,  first  French  'I'estamenl 
l)rinted  in,  313,  314;  sup|)ose<l 
llii)le  published  in,  314,  31;;; 
portions  of  Scripture  in  Indian 
lanj^uanes  issued  in,  315,  316, 
.?'■.  .?"8,  3").  .^io.  3-21.  387. 
.V»4.  .^)5.  4"".  403.  404.  405t 
40(),  408,  410,  431,   432,  433, 

43=;.  437.  443.  444.  449.  4Sa, 
455.  45').  4^'0- 

Canandaigua,  426. 

Carey,  .NIathew,  incidents  of  his 
early  business  life,  68,  69;  is- 
sues proposals  for  printinj^  the 
Douay  Kihle,  69,  70;  firm  lunne 
changed  and  tlie  llihle  issued, 
71,  72;  he  publishes  other 
i!il>les,  73;   his  death,  73. 

(.'arli'ton,  I  liram,  made  an  analysis 
of  the  twi'iity-fourth  chaiiter  of 
St.  Matthew,  353. 

Carlisle,  I'a.,  15V.  3^7.  393.412, 
42(),  430. 

Carroll,  Kt.  Kev.  John,  heads  the 
subscription  list  of  the  first 
Douay  llihle,  70. 

Caryl,  Kev.  Joseph,  receives  a 
copy  of  the  Fliot  Testament,  5. 

Cassel,  Abraham  (1.,  letter  of,  25; 
owns  copies  of  the  .Saur  llihle, 
381,  382;  owns  a  cojiy  of  the 
Aitken  llihle,  384. 

Cassel,  l.andes  llihiiothek  of,  owns 
a  copy  of  the  .Saur  llihle,  37, 
380. 

Chaffin,  Kev.  William  L.,  his  es- 
timate of  Israel  Alger,  Jr.,  l8g. 

Chahta,  translations  in,  399,  442. 
I  Challoner,  Dr.,  edits  the  Douay 
I      bible,  156,  158,  163. 


t 

C 
C 

c 
c 


Index. 


407 


ITS, 

I"' 

|34> 

Jew 
Ithu 


C'linlnitrs,  ( iiorjjc,  once  tlie  owmr 
of  an  I'iliot  Kililf,  21. 

CliiiinlH-r^l)Ur(;,  I'a.,  391,  421. 

C'luipinan,  lizckicl  1.,  coinincn- 
tat'.r,  .?()5. 

(.'liapmaii,  J.  (1.,  tnyruvcr,  210. 

C.'liarlL's  1 1.,  rt'Cfivfs  a  copy  of  tlie 
I'lliiit  Tcstaincnt,  5;  I'Jiot 'Its- 
taiiu-nt  and  ltil>le  (kdicated  to, 
/'9.  MO,  371,  372,  37.1,  374. 

Cliarlcslnwn,  Mass.,  3X9,  390, 
415,  416,  417. 

Charlottctown,  I'.  K.  I.,  319,  451. 

Cherokee,  (ienesis  in,  278,  279; 
i'ixodus  in,  279;  IVsalins  in, 
2791  I'roverl)s  in,  279;  Isaiali 
in,  279;  St.  Matthew  in,  27S; 
St.  Jolni  in,  277,  278;  Acts  in, 
279;  Kpistles  in,  279;  Revela- 
tion in,  279;  New  Testament 
in,  279;  various  issues  in,  394, 

395.  397.  39^.  399.  400.  401. 
402,  403,  404,  405,  406,  408, 

431.  435.  440.  442,  443.  444. 
44<>.  447.  44S.  45'.  452.  455. 
457.  460. 

Clieverus,  JWshop,  gives  his  ap- 
probation  to  a  French  Testa- 
ment, 159. 

Cliica^o  I'ulilic  Liiirary,  owns  a 
Saur  lUhle,  381. 

Chippewa,  Clenesis  in,  271,  316; 
Five  Hooks  of  Moses  in,  318; 
Psalms  in,  318;  St.  Matthew 
in,  272,  316;  St.  Luke  in,  272; 
Four  (iospels  in,  318;  Acts  in, 
272  ;  First  Ciorinthians  in,  272 ; 
New  Testament  in,  271,  272, 
273.  3'^ ;  various  issues  in,  394, 
397,  406,  431,  432,  433,  435, 

437.  439.  449.  455- 
Choctaw,   C  ienesis    in,   290,    291  ; 

Psalms  in,  290,  291 ;  Josluia  in, 

292 ;  Judges  in,  292 ;   Ruth  in, 

292  ;  St.  Matthew  in,  290,  292  ; 

St.  Mark  in,  291,  292  ;  St.  Luke 

in,  291,  292;  St.  John  in,  291, 

292;  Acts  in,  291;  Kpistles  of 

St.  John  in,  292  ;  Epistles  of  St. 

James  in,  292 ;   Revelation  in, 

292 ;  various   editions  in,  395, 


39'*<.  399.  400,  401,  405,    433, 

443.  444.  445.  45".  453- 
Chorley,  John,  engraver,  250. 
Cliristology  of  the  Old  Testament, 

43«. 
C!hulil)uck,  L.  II.,  owns  an  Kliot 

Itilile,  379;  price  paid  for  Kliot 

Itihle  hy,  3S0. 
Cincinnati,    3()3,    395,   398,    399, 

400,  430,  435,  440,  441,  443, 

448,  454. 
Claesse,  Lawrence,  translator,  282. 
Claremont,    N.     II. ,    355,     397, 

433- 

Clarke,  LL.  1).,  Rev.  .\dam.  Com- 
mentary by,  203,  204,  446. 

Clement  aL,  brief  of,  15. 

Climacus,    St.    John,    translator, 

304- 

Coit,  ]).!).,  Rev.  Thomas  VV., 
edited  the  Paragraph  Itible,  182, 
183,  184;  biographical  notice 
of,  184,  185. 

Collateral  Hible,  aj)peared  in  1826, 
206;  Home's  opinion  of,  206, 
207  ;  |)rice  of,  429. 

Collectanea  I'-vangelica,  described, 
140;  price  of,  446. 

Collins,  15.  &  J.,  issue  the  first 
stereotyped  quarto  Hible  in  the 
United  States,  195. 

Collins,  Isaac,  birth  and  early  life 
of,  89 ;  first  publications  of,  89 ; 
liia  efforts  to  publish  a  Hible, 
90,  91 ;  his  death,  99;  his  high 
character,  100. 

Collins  Hible,  proposals  for,  90; 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  in- 
dorses the  proposal,  91 ; 
Friends,  Presbyterians,  Episco- 
palians, and  Haptists  encourage 
publisher  of,  91,  92,  93;  issue 
of  the  quarto,  94;  described,  94, 
95;  address  "  To  the  Reader" 
quoted,  95,  96,  97,  98 ;  care  in 
the  printing  of,  98,  99 ;  price  of, 
412. 

Collins  Testament,  issued  in  oc- 
tavo, 90;  price  of,  411. 

Colossians,  396,  407,  459,  460. 

Columbian    Family    and     Pulpit 


468 


Index. 


Bible,  described,  208,  209 ;  price 

of,  427. 
Compendium   of  the   Bible,   392 ; 

price  of,  422. 
Comprehensive    ]?il)le,   described, 

207,  208;  price  of,  441. 
Comstock,  Dr.  A.,  edits  the  Pho- 
netic Testament,  219. 
Conunt,  D.D.,   Rev.   Thomas  J., 

translator,  306. 
Concord,   \.  II.,  393,  394,   395, 

428,  432,  434,  4^8,  441,  448. 
Confederate  States  Bible  Society, 

268. 
Congregational  Library  at  Boston, 

owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  379. 
Congress,    petitioned    to    import 

Bibles,  55,  56;  report  made  bv, 

57.  58- 
Connectit  It,  early  printing  in,  348, 

349- 

Connecticut  Jiible  Society,  organi- 
z.ition  of,  261. 

Connecticut  Historical  Society, 
owns  copies  of  the  Eliot  Bible, 
379  ;  owns  an  Aitken  Bible,  384. 

Conwell,  Rt.  Rev.  Henry,  gives 
his  approbation  to  the  first  edi- 
tion of  the  Cummiskey  Bible, 
161. 

Cook,  Rev.  Joseph  W.,  translator, 
^03. 

Cooke,  D.D.,LL.I).,  Rev.  Henry, 
edits  the  Self-Inter[)reting  Jilble, 
112. 

Cooperstown,  N.  Y.,  264,  427, 
428,  430,  431,  432,  433,  434, 
43^1.  437.  439.  44°.  44i.  442, 
444.  445'  447- 

Copenhagen,  Royal  Library  of, 
owns  copies  of  the  Eliot  I'.ible, 
376,  378  ;  owns  Saur  ISible,  380. 

Corinthians,  395,  396,  407,  43b, 
438,  457,  458. 

Cottage  Bible,  208;  price  of,  457. 

Cotton,  Rev.  John,  aids  Mr.  Eliot 
in  the  second  edition  of  his  Bible, 

13- 
Cotton,    Josiah,    once    owned    an 

Eliot  Bible,  20,  21. 
Cree,  St.  John  in,  315  ;  Four  Cos- 


pels  in,  315;  Epistles  in,  315; 
New  Testament  in,  315,  31b; 
Prayer-book  in,  315;  various 
editions,  403, 406, 407,  408, 459. 
Cressons,  Calel),  visit  to  the  print- 
ing-office of  Isaac  Collins  made 

1>y,  93,  94- 

Croly,  George,  translator,  430, 

Curious  versions  ;  of  the  Psalms, 
230,  231  ;  of  the  Book  of  Job, 
228 ;  of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Mat- 
thew, 233  ;  of  the  I  ^ord's  Prayer, 
229  ;  of  the  Apostolic  Epistles, 
233.  234;  of  various  ])assages 
through  typographical  errors, 
236,  237,  238;  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament,  231,  232,  233,  234,  235. 

Gushing,  Hon.  William,  copy  of 
the  Eliot  Bible  once  owned  by, 
22. 

Gutter,  Laura  Eliot,  owns  an  Eliot 
Bible,  17,  20;  price  paid  for 
Eliot  Bible  by,  17,  20,  379. 

Dnbney,  John  P.,  edits  New  Tes- 
tament, 359,  3()0. 

Dakota,  extent  cf  publications  in, 
29();  Genesis  in,  297,  298,  299; 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  and  Deuter- 
onomy in,  299  ;  First  Four  Books 
of  Moses  in,  299;  Psalms  in, 
298,  299 ;  Joshua,  Judges,  and 
Rutli  in,  297 ;  I'roverbs,  I'lccle- 
siastes,  Song  of  Solomon,  and 
Isaiah  in,  299;  Jeremiah,  Eze- 
kiel,  Daniel,  and  the  Minor 
Projibets  in,  299  ;  St.  Matthew, 
St.  Mark,  St.  Luke,  and  St. 
John  in,  298;  Acts  in,  298: 
Epistles  of  St.  Paul  in,  298 ; 
Revelation  in,  298  ;  entire  Bible 
in,  300;  various  editions  in, 
398,  399,  400,  440,  441,  443. 

Daniel,  403,  404,  41  ,,  449,  452. 

Danish  Bible,  449,  452. 

Dartmouth  College,  honors  Isaiah 
Thomas,  87 ;  owns  two  copies 
of  the  Eliot  ISible,  378. 

I)aven])ort,  R'  '"us,  issues  the 
Right-Aim  School  Bible,  22  .; ; 
author  of  Free-Debt  Rules,  222, 
223 ;    personal    grievances    of. 


'i',^ 


Index. 


469 


223,  224;  issues  also  Free-Debt 
Testamont,  343. 

Davis,  Jolin,  translator,  295. 

Day,  Mills,  issues  prospectus  of  a 
Hebrew  Bible,  122. 

Day,  Sherman,  settlement  of  Penn- 
sylvania by  Germans  narrated 
by,  149,  150. 

Daye,  Stephen,  early  printer  of 
Cambridge,  3. 

Dayton,  O.',  254,  258,  457. 

Du'  rfield,  391,  424. 

Definition  Testament,  363;  price 
of,  429. 

Delaware,  early  publications  print- 
ed in  State  .of,  34S. 

Delaware  Indian  language.  Har- 
mony of  the  Gospels  in,  273; 
Epistles  of  St.  John  in,  273; 
History  of  Our  J.ord  in,  273, 
274;  Forty-six  Select  Scripture 
Narratives  from  the  Old  Testa- 
ment in,  274;  various  editions 
in,  386,  398,  425,  427,  440. 

Dencke,    Rev.    C   F.,  translator, 

273- 
Detroit,  404,  451. 
Devens,  Richard,  author  of  a  par- 
aphrase on  Job,  337. 
Devereux,      Nicholas,      issued     a 

school  Testament,  163. 
Devonshire,  Duke  of,  owns  a  copy 

of  the  i:iiot  liible,  370. 
Devotional     l'"amily    ISible,    206; 

pri.  e  of,  437. 
Dexte-,    D.D.,   Rev.    Henry  M., 

library  of  the    late,    contains   a 

copy  of  the  Kliot  ]5iblc,  379. 
Dianrind  Hible,  smuggled  into  tlie 

United   States,  2lS    219;   jirlce 

of,  439. 
Dick,  A.  L.,  engraver,  251,  252. 
Dickinson,        Rev.        Rodolphus, 

translates  the  New  Testament, 

213,  214. 
Dissertations  on  the   Prophecies, 

38S;  ]irice  of,  411. 
District  of  ("()]uinl)ia.  ^56,  t^i,";. 
Doddridge,    D.D.,    ReV.     I'liilip, 

edits  "The  Family  Expositor,'' 

202. 


Doolittle,  Amos,  engraver,  241, 
242. 

Dore,  J.  R.,  quoted  in  regard  to 
Douay  l!il)les,  158. 

Dorian,  Louis,  interpreter,  296, 
297. 

Dotterer,  Henry  S.,  owns  a  copy 
of  the  Saur  IJible,  382. 

Douay  Pible,  first  edition  issued 
by  Carey,  Stewart  &  Co.,  71, 
158;  price  of,  411;  other  edi- 
tions, 158,  159,  I  bo,  i6i,  i()2, 
164,  165,  166,  tf-,7,  168,  177, 
178,  41b,  428,  430,  433,  434, 
435.  437.  43«,  439,  44i.  444, 
445,  447,  44^,  449,  45o>  451- 
452,   454,  455,  456,  457,  458, 

459- 

Dresden,  Royal  Library  of,  owns 
a  Saur  IJible,  380. 

Drexel,  Joseph  W.,  library  of  the 
late,  contains  a  co]iy  of  the  I^liot 
]!il)le,  377;  i)rice  for  VXvA  liible 
paid  by,  379. 

Dubuque,  404,  452. 

Duffield,  Rev.  (jcorge,  reports  on 
the  Aitken  Memorial  to  Con- 
gress, 58. 

Dunlap,  William,  designed  the 
frontispiece  to  the  Hrown  Self- 
hiterjireting  ]5ible,  104,  243. 

Dunster,  Rev.  Henry,  first  press 
in  (.!aml)ridge  owied  by,  3. 

Dutch  Testament,  456. 

ICanies,  Wilberforce,  owns  a  copv 
of  the  J'-Iiot  liible,  379;  ])rice 
paid  for  Eliot  liible  by,  17,  380. 

J'^arl  of  Sjiencer,  library  of,  con- 
tains co])ies  of  the  ICliot  Bible, 

37f',  37''^- 
I'.astburn,  I).D.,]\I.,  commentator, 

43S. 
I'-beling,    Dr.  C.  D.,   once  owned 

a  copy  of  the  Eliot  Bible,  18 
Ecclesiastes,   403,  406,  446,   450, 

455- 
Eddy,  Isaac,  engraver,  336. 

Edinluirgh  Library,  owns  a  copy 
of  the  Eliot  Testament,  376. 

Edinburgh  Library  of  Advocates, 
owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  378. 


■^ 


470 


Index. 


lulinhurgh  University,  owns  a 
copy  of  the  Kliot  Bible,  378. 

Edmunds,  All)trt  J.,  his  opinion 
of  Charles  Thomson's  transla- 
tion, 119,  120. 

Edwards,  Howard,  o\vi>s  copies 
of  the  Saur  Bible,  381,  382; 
owns  a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Bible, 

384. 
Edwards,   Rev.  John,   translator, 

Edwards,  D.D.,  Rev.  Jonathan, 
translator,  284. 

Edwin,  David,  engraver,  251. 

Electrotyping  ajiplied  to  the  Il- 
luminated Bible,  210. 

Eliot,  Dr.  Ellswortli,  owns  an 
Eliot  Bil)le,  ^79;  price  paid  for 
Eliot  Bil)le  bV.  380. 

Eliot,  John,  arrives  in  New  Eng- 
land, I  ;  learns  the  Indian  lan- 
guage, 2  ;  translates  portions  of 
Scripture,  3  ;  translates  the  New 
Testament,  4  ;  begins  a  transla- 
tion of  the  entire  Bible,  12; 
second  edition  appe.irs,  14;  gave 
copy  of  his  Bible  to  Tlu)mas 
Shepard,  21 ;  death  of,  22  ;  titles 
a|iplied  to,  22,  23. 

Eliot  I>ible,  published  in  1663,  6 ; 
English  and  Indian  title-pages 
of,  6,  7;  second  edition,  14; 
errors  corrected,  15;  noted 
copies  of,  19,  20,  21,  22;  prices 
th.1t  h.ave  been  olitained  for  the, 

16,  17.  379.  380. 

Eliot  Testament,  appeared  in  1661, 
4:  English  and  Indian  title- 
pages  of,  6,  7 ;  second  edition 
appears,  14;  how  jiresentation 
copies  were  disposed  of,  5; 
libraries  that  have  copies  of, 
6'  37'^' ;  prices  that  havt  been 
obtained  for,  16,  379. 

Eli/abethtown,  N.  J.,  347,  387, 
393.  4",  429,  432,  435,  437. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Dr.,  his  opinion  of  the 
Algonquian  language,  10,  il. 

Elhvood,  T.,   commentator,   348, 

387. 
Ely,  D.D,,  Pev.  Ezr.  Stiles,  as- 


sisted in  editing  the  Collateral 
Bible,  206. 

Engles,  Joseph  P.,  edited  the 
Polymicrian  Testament,  138. 

Engravings  of  early  Bibles,  dififi- 
culties  of  making,  239 ;  obscu- 
rity of  many  engravers,  257; 
quality  of,  258. 

Ephesians,  396,  402,  406,  407, 
437,  447,  455.  456,  457- 

Ephrata,  early  settlement  of,  149, 
150;  Psalms  and  New  Testa- 
ment printed  at,  15 1,  381,  388, 
411,  412,  413. 

Errors  in  printing  liibles,  9,  15, 
171,  236,  237,  23S. 

Etheridge,  LL. D.,  J.  W.,  edited 
in  lOngland  the  Syriac  Peshito 
New  Testament,  128. 

Evans,  Rev.  James,  invented  syl- 
labic ch.aracters  for  the  Chip- 
pewa language,  316,  317. 

Everett,  Hon.  lulward,  copy  of 
the  Eliot  Bible  once  owned  by, 

19- 
Everett,  Ph.D.,  William,  owns  a 

copy  of  the  Eliot  Bible,  377. 
Exeter,  N.  H.,  355,  430,  434. 
Fairm.an,   Clideon,   engraver,  248, 

249. 
Falmouth,  Me.,  early  printing  at, 

356. 
Family    Expositor,    Doddridge's, 

202  ;  price  of,  41 7. 
Fanshaw,  I^aniel,  sketch  of,  JiZh 

334.  335- 
Fell,  Dr.  John,  copy  of  the  Eliot 

Bible  once  owned  by,  21. 
Fenton,    Ferrar,    translator, 

236. 
Fischer,    Rev.    Johannes   J.    G., 

translator,  326. 
Fishburn,    Rev.   W.    11.,   owns  a 

copy  of  the  Saur  Bible,  381. 
Fleming,  John,  desires  to  ])rini  a 

Bible,  52;   his  propo;;:'!,  52,  53, 

54- 
Fletcher,  D.D.,  Rev.  Alexander, 

edits     the    Devotional    Family 

Bible,  206. 
Folsoni,  David,  translator,  290. 


.O' 


Index. 


471 


Foreman,  Stephen,  translator,  279. 

Fowle,  Zechariah,  early  printer 
of  Boston,  74. 

Francis,  C,  ([uoted,  12. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main,  City  Li- 
brary of,  owns  a  Saur  Bible,  39, 
41,  380. 

Franklin,  \.  II.,  401,  445. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  thanked  Dr. 
Luther  for  aiding  the  Saur 
Bible,  42 ;  version  of  verses 
from  Job  made  by,  228. 

Fredericktown,  Md.,  392,  425. 

Freeman,  Rev.  Bernardus,  trans- 
lator, 280,  281. 

French  15ible,  423,  426,  433,  450, 

456. 

P'rench  Testament,  first  American, 
339 ;  price  of,  419 ;  first  Cana- 
dian, 313,  314;  price  of,  446; 
other  editions,  429,  452. 

Friends'  Free  Library  of  'Jer- 
mantown,  owns  a  copy  of  the 
Saur  IJible,  382. 

Gaine,  Hugh,  issues  an  edition 
of  the  New  Testament,  loi  ; 
prints  a  i2mo  Bible,  no. 

Galatians,  407,  437,  456,  457. 

Galloway,  James,  commentator, 
419. 

Gardiner,  John  L.,  owns  a  copy  of 
the  Elio't  Bible,  377. 

Gardinier,  Frederick,  commen- 
tator, 456. 

Gebhardt,  von.  Dr.,  letter  from, 
40. 

Ged,  William,  first  stereotyper, 
191. 

Genesis,  278,  279,  283,  285,  289, 
290,  298,  395,  398,  401,  403, 
406,  409,  411,  419,  433,  435, 
437,440, 443, 446, 449, 452, 455- 

Geneva,  111.,  406,  455. 

Georgetown,  1).  C,  159,  356,  424. 

Georgia,  New  Testament  printed 

in.  357- 
German  Bible,  published  by  Vung- 
mann,  49 ;  preface  of,  49,  1^0 ; 
price  of,  416;  fioeb's  edition, 
153  ;  price  of,  421  ;  folio  edition 
of  Biir,  154;  price  of,  42;  ;  quarto 


edition  of  Kimber  &  .Sharpless, 
155;  price  of,  429;  various  edi- 
tions, 396,  400,  407,  41b,  421, 
425,   429,  432,  435,  436,  437, 

444.  447.  450- 
German  Testament,  Ephrata  edi- 
tion of  1787,  151,  152;  price  of, 
411;  first  edition  of  Billmeyer, 
151;  price  of,  411;  edition  of 
Goeb,  153;  price  of,  422;  edi- 
tion of  Bar,  155  ;  price  of,  427; 
edition  of  Kimber  &  Shar])less, 
155  ;  price  of,  441  ;  various  edi- 
tions, 152,  153,  154,  155,  38(-), 
387.  388,  390,  392,  393,  394, 
406,  411,  413,  414,  4ih,  417, 
419,  420,  421,  422,  423,  42b, 
427,   429,  430,  431,   432,  441, 

442,  447,  449,  450,  452. 
German   Society  of   Philadelphia, 

owns  a  Saur  Bible,  382. 

Germania  Society  of  Chicago,  owns 
a  Saur  Bible,  381. 

Gerniantown,  Pa.,  30,  151,  152, 
386,  387,  390,  391,  393,  410, 
411,  413,  416,  417,  420,  422, 
427,  430. 

Gilfillan,  Archdeacon  J.  A.,  trans- 
lator, 273. 

Gimbrede,  Joseph  N.,  engraver, 
245,  246. 

Gimbrede,  Thomas,  engraver,  245. 

Goeb,  Friedrich,  prints  the  first 
Cierman  Bdile  in  western  Penn- 
sylvania, 153,  154. 

Godshall,  Debora,  owns  a  Saur 
Bible,  382. 

Goodrich,  Jeremiah,  edits  the  Def- 
inition Testament,  187. 

Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  272,  274, 
275,  278,  280,  285,  289,  292, 
295.  297.  302,  3""'.  3  "9.  394. 
396,  398,  399.  400,  401,  402, 
403,  405,  406,  410,  414,  431, 
433,   434,  438,  440,  441,  442, 

443,  444,  445, 448,  450,451,  453. 
454,  45b,  457;  St.  Mark,  279, 
284,  289,  292,  295,  319,  320, 
39?.  398,  400,  401,  402,  406, 
408,  432,  433.   440,  441,  442, 

444,  445,  45b,  458;  St.  Luke, 


472 


Index. 


272,  274,  275,  278,  280,  285, 
289,  292,  295,  297,  302,  316, 

319;  St.  John,  269,  272,  275, 
277,   278,   284,   286,   287,   292, 

295.  297.  315.  395.  397.  39?. 
399,  400,  401,  403,  405,  406, 
407,  408,  409,  425,   433,  437, 

438,  439.  440,  442,  443.  444. 
445,  446,  450,  452,  455,  458. 

Gotlia,  Ducal  I.iljrary  of,  owns  a 
Saur  Bible,  380. 

Greek  Testament,  first  American, 
133,  price  of,  414;  various  edi- 
tions, 393,  394,  396,  397,  39S, 
399,  400,  401,  402,  403,  404, 
4c;,  407,  40S,  414,  422,  427, 
428,429, 430, 431. 433. 435. 437. 
438,  439.  440.  441.  442,  443. 
444.  445.  446,  447.  44^.  449. 
451,  452,  453,  454,  455,  459. 

Greenfield,  Mass.,  391,  392,  416, 
420,  422,  424. 

Greenfiekl,  William,  edited  Greek 
Testament,  139. 

Grenville,  Hon.  Thomas,  received 
an  Kli(jt  IJilile  from  Hon.  Ed- 
ward I'",verett,  19. 

Grube,  Rev.  Bernard  A.,  transla- 
tor, 273. 

Gunther,  C  F.,  owns  an  l^liot 
Testament  and  two  Bibles,  20, 
376,  377,  ,1;  price  jiaid  for 
Kliot  Bible  liy,  379 ;  owns  copies 
of  the  Saur  Bible,  381,  382; 
owns  a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Bible, 

Ilaeberlin,  Dr.  J.,  owns  Dr.  Lu- 
ther's copy  of  tlie  Saur  I5ible, 
34.  35.  41 ;  information  con- 
cern in  tj  Luther  given  by,  42. 

ILigcrstown,  Ind.,  358. 

Halifax,  405,  418,  452. 

Hall,    Henry   B.,  engraver,    252, 

Hall,  Rev.  Sherman,  translator, 
272. 

Haniell,  Rev.  Dr.,  edits  a  Douay 
Biiile,  164. 

Hamilton,  C!an.,  320,  400,  443. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  William,  trans- 
lator, ^02. 


Hancock,  John,  leaves  money  to 
print  a  Testament  for  the  poor, 

325- 
Hanover,  Royal  Library  of,  owns 

a  Saur  Bible,  380. 
Hare,  Francis,  edits  an  edition  of 

tlie  I'salms  in  Hebrew,  122. 
Harley,  Mrs.  Samuel,  owns  a  Saur 

Bible,  382. 
Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  3S6,  391, 

396,   401,  403,   404,   405,    407, 

409,   418,   422,   450,   452,  453, 

457.  458- 

Harmony  of  the  Kings  and  Pro- 
pliets,  434. 

Harris,  Rev.  Thompson  S.,  trans- 
lator, 2S8. 

Hanisburg,    154,   3S8,   394,  414, 

432,  447- 
Hartford,  389,  391,  392,  393,  394, 

39<i.  397.  399.  402,  414.  41 7. 
418,  419,  420,  421,  422,  423, 
424,  425,  426,  427,  428,   429, 

430.  431.  432,  434-  437.  439. 
440,  442,  443,  444,  445,  447, 
448,  449,  451,  457. 

Harvard  University,  owns  a  copy 
of  the  Thomas  Bible,  presented 
by  tlie  printer,  88;  prints  the 
first  Hel)rew  book  in  America, 
122;  disposes  of  th<.'  l'"d)eling 
Bible,  18;  owns  c<ipies  of  the 
Fliot  Testament  and  Bible,  376, 
377.  37'^ !  owns  copies  of  the 
Saur  Bible,  3S0,  382. 

Hatch,  George  W.,  engraver,  253. 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  387,  410. 

Hawaiian  Testament,  457. 

Haydock,  Rev.  George  L.,  edits 
Douay  Bible,  178. 

Hazard,  Sam,  letter  concerning 
the  Aitken  liible  in  the  Britisi) 
Museum  from,  63. 

Hebrew  Bible,  first  American,  122, 
123  ;  price  of,  421  ;  second,  124 ; 
price  of,  448. 

Hebrew  i'entateuch,  123,  124; 
price  of,  445. 

Heiircw  I'salms,  122;  price  of, 
41 S. 

Hebrews,  3()5,  396,  403,  405,  406, 


Index. 


473 


4^7.  431.  438,  451.  454.  455. 

457.  458.  459.  460. 
Heilinan,  Henry  S.,  owns  copies 

of  the  Saur  l{il)le,  381,  382. 
Ileinemann,    von,  Dr.  O.,   letter 

'>f.  34- 

Heinricli  de  Bunan,  Count,  re- 
ceives a  copy  of  tlie  Saur  Bilile 
from  Luther,  38,  39. 

Henfjstenberg,  D.I).,  Rev.  E.  W., 
commentator,  248. 

Henry,  J.,  engraver,  IC4. 

Henry,  Rev.  Mattliew,  commen- 
tator, 202,  203. 

Henry's  Exposition,  203  ;  price  of,  : 

423-  I 

Hess,    William,    translator,    285,  i 

286. 
Ilewett,    W.    n.,  designer  for   a 

Rheims  Testament,   177. 
Hieroglyphic  Bible,  2 1 1,  391,  411, 

412,  425. 
Hildebrand.  Karl,  issued  the  first 

stereoty])ed  Bible  in  tlermany, 

191,   U)2. 
Hildebiirn,   Charles  R.,  owns  an 

ICliot  Bible,  377;  price  paid  for 

i'",lii)t  Jtible  by,  3S0. 
Hill,  II.  A.,  translator,  284.  ; 

Hill,  John,  translator,  320. 
Hill  i\:  Wilkes,  translators,  285. 
Hinman,   Rev.  Samuel  1).,  trans- i 

lator,  303. 
Hitcliin,  Alfred,  owns  an  Ailkcn 

r.ibic,  3S4. 

Hoar,  Hon.  Cleorge  F.,  owns  a 
cujiv  of  the  .\itkcn    JSible,   65, 

384- 

Hobart,  D.D.,  Rt.  Rev.  John  H.,  ! 
edits    the    D'Oylcy   and    Mant  ' 
I5ibie,  205  ;   founder  of  the  New 
V<yrk  Bible  and  Common  Trayer 
Book  Society,  261. 

Hodge,  1>.  1>.,  Rev.  Charles,  com- 
mentator, 45*),  458. 

Hodge,  Allen  i^  Campbell,  ask  ap- 
proval of  State  authorities  to 
publish  a  IMble,  XQZ. 

Hodge  iV  Cjupbell,  issue  first 
Bible  in  State  of  New  York, 
104,  105.  ] 


HoUingsworth,  Sumner,  owns  an 
Eliot  Bible,  377. 

Homer,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Tonath.an, 
edits  the  Colundiian  Bible,  209. 

lioogland,  William,  engraver,  253. 

Horden,  D.D.,  Rt.  Rev.  John, 
translator,  315. 

Home,  D.D.,  I'rof.  A.  R.,  owns 
a  Saur  Bible,  382. 

Ilorne,  D.D.,  Rev.  George,  com- 
mentator, 402. 

Home,  D.D.,  Rev.  T.  H.,  quoted, 
114,    115,    126,    127,   206,   338, 

339- 

Hot  I'ress  Bible,  253;  price  of, 
414. 

Hubbard,  Lucius  L.,  owns  copies 
of  the  Eliot  liiblc,  21,  379. 

Hudson,  x\.  v.,  389,  391,  392, 
424. 

Hughes,  D.D.,  Rt.  Rev.  John, 
approves  of  editions  of  the 
Douay  Bible,  163,  165,  166. 

Hurst,  D.D..  LL.I).,  Rev.  John 
I'.,  owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  379; 
owns  copies  of  Saur  Bible,  38 1, 
3S2  ;  owns  an  Aitken  Bible,  384. 

Husenbeth,  D.D.,  Rev.  E. 'c, 
edited  Douay  Bible,  178. 

Hutchinson,  Richard,  had  the  dis- 
posal of  a  number  of  Eliot  Tes- 
taments, 5. 

Hyde,  Edward,  received  a  copy  of 
the  J'",liot  TesMment,  5. 

H\(le,  Jabez  B.,  translator,  287. 

Hyjionoia,  401. 

Icazbalceta,  Senor  Joaquin  Gar- 
cia, (|Uoted  concerning  a  ]\Iex- 
ican  book,  304. 

Illuminated  Bible,  2Io;   price  of, 

445- 

Indian  Commission  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church,  273. 

Indian  translations,  269,  270,  271, 
272,  274,  275,  277,  278,  27c), 
280,  2S2,  2S3,  284.  285,  28b, 
287,  288,  28c),  290,  2qi,  292, 
21)3,  295,  29(1,  297,  298,  299, 
300,  302,  303,  315,  3i6,  318, 
319,  320,  321.  386,  3S7,  392, 
2f)?>'  394,  395.  396.   397.  398, 


474 


Index. 


399,  400,  401,  402,  403,  404, 

405,  40b,  407,  408,  409,  410, 

42s.  4?7.  431.  432,  433.  435. 

43*^.  437.  438,  439.   44°.  44i. 

442,  443,  444,  445,   446,  447, 

448,  449,  450,  451,  452,  453, 

455.  457.  459.  46o- 
Iowa  dialect,  translation  in,  302, 

Iroquoian,  early  printing  in,  276, 
277. 

Irwin,  Rev.  S.  M.,  translator,  30a. 

Irwin,  Theodore,  owns  an  histor'C 
Eliot  Bible,  21,  377;  owns 
copies  of  the  Saur  liible,  381, 
382 ;  price  paid  for  Saur  Bible 
l*y.  Z^Z ;  owns  a  copy  of  the 
Aitken  Hil)le,  384;  price  paid 
for  Aitken  Bible  by,  384. 

Isaiah,  215,  398,  401,  408,  412, 
413,  415,  423,   43b,  440,  442, 

443.  459.  460. 
Italian  Testament,  452. 
Jacobs,  Dr.,  letter  of,  37. 
Jacobs,  Rev.  Peter,  translator,3i8. 
James,  Dr.  Edwin,  translator,  271. 
James,  Epistle  of  St.,  397,  401, 

403,  404,  438,  443,  446,   448, 

451- 

Jaqut-tt,  Joseph,  edited  a  Hebrew 
Bible,  124. 

Jay,  John,  his  opinion  of  the  intel- 
lectual ability  of  Charles  Thom- 
son, 118. 

Jenks,  D.D.,  Rev.  William,  com- 
mentator, 454. 

Job,  403,  407,  413,  429,  430,  440, 

449.  455.  457.  459- 

John,    Epistles  ot  St.,  397,   398, 

399,   400,  402,   .^o8,  418,  425, 
438,  443,  447,  453,  460. 

Jones,  Rev.  Evan,  translator,  279. 

Jones,  John,  translator,  272. 

Jones,  I'eter,  transla'oi,  272. 

Joshua,  401,  404,  444,  450,  451.    I 

Jude,  Epistle    cf    St.,    408,    43S,  j 

453- 
Judges,  401,  404,  .|44,  450,  451. 
Judson,  Rev.  Dr.,  translator,  266. 
Kallifleisch,  Charles  H.,  lil)raryof 

the  late,  contains  a  copy  of  tlie  ! 


Eliot  Bible,  16,  377;  price  paid 

for  the  Eliot  Bible  by,  16,  380. 
Kearny,    Francis,   engraver,    246, 

247. 
Keelor,  M.D.,  Reinhard,  owns  a 

copy  of  the  Saur  Bible,  382. 
Keene,  N.  II.,  355,  425,  441. 
Kelker,  Rudolph  F.,  owns  a  copy 

of  the  Saur  Bible,  381. 
Kellogg,  J.  G.,  engraver,  198. 
Kelly,    Thomas,    engraver,    249, 

250. 
Kennett,    Rt.    Rev.    White,    once 

the  owner  of  an  VXwX.  Bible,  20. 
Kenrick,  Archbishoj)  Francis   P., 

makes  a  translation  of  the  Douay 

Bible,  157,  166,  167,  168;  sketch 

of,  168,   169. 
Kentucky  Auxiliary  Bible  Society, 

426. 
Keyserlingk,    Count,    received    a 

Saur  Bible  from  Dr.  Luther,  36, 

37- 
Kiefer,  Charles  M.,  owns  a  copy 

of  the  Saur  Bible,  382. 
King,  Dr.    Charles   R.,  owns   an 

Eliot  Bible,  379. 
King,  Hon.  Rufus,  once  owned  an 

Eliot  Bible,  19. 
Kings,  First  and  Second  Book  of, 

405,  450,  453. 
Kirkland,  Frazer,  quoted,  68. 
Kittery,  Me.,  356,  434. 
Kneeland,    Rev.    Abner,    edits    a 

CJreek  and  English  Testament, 

136. 
KoUock,  Shepard,  early  printer  of 

New  Jersey,  347. 
Lacombe,  Father,  translator,  316. 
Lafayette    College,    owns   a   Saur 

Bible,  381. 
Lafayette,    Marquis   de,    aids    M. 

Carey,  68,  69. 
Lanc.ister,  Pa.,  388,  391,  392,  393, 

413,  414,  421,  423,  425,  427, 

429. 
Larchier,    1).  D.,    Rev.   Nathaniel, 

clironological  list  arranged  by, 

I.S.3- 
r^awson,     Alexander,     engraver, 

253- 


"■, 


Index. 


475 


/] 


1 


Lebanon,  Pa.,  398,  441,  442. 

Lee,  Rev.  Chauncey,  commenta- 
tor, 389. 

Lecser,  Rev.  Isaac,  edits  the  Pen- 
tateuch, 124. 

Leicester,  426, 

Leiter,  Levi  Z.,  owns  an  Eliot 
Hiijle,  379;  price  paid  for  Eliot 
Hihle  by,  380. 

Leney,  William  S.,  engraver,  253, 

254- 
Lenox    Lil)rary,    owns    copies    of 

the  Eliot  Testament  and  Hible, 
37^  377.  378;  P'ii^e  paid  for 
Eliot  Testament  by,  379 ;  owns 
copies  of  the  Saur  Bible,  381, 
382  ;  owns  copies  of  the  Aitken 
IJible,  384. 

Leusden,  Dr.  John,  edits  the 
Greek  Testament,  134,  136. 

Lewis,  William  K.,  owns  a  copy 
of  the  Aitken  Bible,  384. 

Lexington,  Ky.,  426. 

Leyden  University,  owns  an  Eliot 
Bible,  19,  378. 

Library  Company  of  Phila(kli)liia, 
osvns  Charles  Thomson's  Bible, 
118,  119;  owns  co]iies  of  the 
Eliot  Bible,  377,  378 ;  owns 
copies  of  the  Saur  Bible,  384. 

Library  of  Congress,  owns  copies 
of  the  Eliot  Bible,  377 ;  owns  a 
copy  of  the  Haur  Bible,  381 ; 
owns  a  copy  of  the  Aitken  Bible, 
65,  384;  ])rice  paid  for  Aitken 
Bible  liy,  65,  384. 

Lieberkuhn,  Rev,  Samuel,  trans- 
lator, 274. 

Life  of  Christ,  387,  388,  389,  390, 

392,  397.  415.  419.  425.  426, 

427. 
Life  of  David,  387,  388,  414. 
Life  of  Joseph,  388,  389,  413,  414. 
Livermore,  A.  A.,  commentator, 

401. 
Livermore,  George,  library  of  the 

late,  contains  copies  of  the  Eliot 

Testament  and  Bil)le,  376,  377, 

379- 
Longacre,    James    B.,    engraver, 

254- 


Long  Island  Historical  Society, 
owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  378 ;  owns 
a  Saur  Bible,  382. 

Longking,  Joseph,  commentator, 
401. 

Lord,  D.  H.,  commentntor,  394. 

Lord's  Prayer,  versions  of,  229, 
284. 

Loughridge,  D.D.,  Rev.  Robert 
M.,  translator,  295. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  214,  357,  444. 

Lowell,  430. 

Lowrey,  (jeorge,  translator,  278. 

Lowth,  D.D.,  Rt.  Rev.  Robert, 
translator,  215,  339,  362. 

Luckenbach,  Rev.  Abraham, 
translator,  274. 

Lunenburg,  Mass.,  250,  393,  426, 
428,  429,  430,  431,  433. 

Luther,  Ileinrich  Ehrenfried,  pre- 
sented .Saur  with  a  font  of  type, 
29,  30;  received  twelve  Bibles 
from  Saur,  33 ;  Bil)Ies  presented 
to  libraries  and  individuals,  34, 

35.  3<i.  37.  38,  39.  40.  41 :  ar- 
morial ensign  of,  37. 

Luther,  D.D.,  Martin,  conunenta- 
tor,  389. 

Lykins,  Rev.  Jonathan,  translator, 

295- 
McAllister,  Eliza  V.,  owns  a  copy 

of  the  Aitken  Bible,  384;  price 

paid     for     Aitken     Bible     by, 

384- 
McAllister,  William  Y.,   owns  a 
copy  of  the  Aitken   Bible,  65, 

384. 
McCorkle,    William,     edited    the 

Collateral  Bible,  206. 
McDonald,    Rev.  John,   edits   an 

edition  of  the  New  Testament, 

362,  363. 
McCioffin,  John,  engraver,  254. 
Macgowan,  John,  writes  Life  of 

Joseph,  388. 
M.acknight,    D.D,,    Rev.    James, 

commentator,  419. 
!  McMahon,  Rev.  Bernard,  transla- 
tor, 156,  I? 7. 
'  McMahon,  Rev.  James,  translator, 
I      166,  167. 


476 


Index. 


McVev,  John  J.,  owns  an  Aitken 

Hil)lc,  384. 
Maine,  i)rinting  in  the  State  of, 

355.  356. 
Mant,  J).D.,  Rev.  Richard,  edits 

an  edition  of  tlie  liilile,  205. 
Manjuis  of  Hastings,  once  owned 

a  copy  of  the  ICiiot  Kible,  20. 
Martin,  Rev.  Gregory,  translator, 

156. 
M.iryland  I'lpiscoiial  Library,  owns 

an  Aitken  liible,  384. 
Mason,    1).  1).,    Rev.    Jolin    M., 

writes     address     in     beludf    of 

American  ISilile  Societv,  2U2. 
Mason,  Rev.  William,  tianslalor, 

315- 

Massaciuisetts  liible  Society,  or- 
ganization of,  261  ;  ])rints  in 
raised  letters  for  the  blind,  221. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
owns  copies  of  the  Kliot  liible, 
377i  37^^;  owns  a  copy  of  the 
Saur  liible,  3cSo ;  ])rice  ])aid  for 
Saur  liible  by,  3CS3  ;  owns  a  copy 
of  the  Aitken  liible,  T,'^},. 

Massachusetts  Psalter,  269,  270; 
]irice  of,  40c). 

Mather.  Rev.  Cotton,  efforts  to 
publish  a  Bible  made  by,  51,  52. 

Mather,  Rev.  Increase,  presents 
copies  of  the  Kliot  liible  to  uni- 
versities in  Holland,  19. 

Mather,  Rev.  .Samuel,  trard.ator, 
229. 

Mayhew,  Rev.  Experience,  trans- 
lator, 269. 

Mecoiii,  Benjamin,  attempts  ste- 
reotyjiing,  192. 

Meeker,  Rev.  Jotham,  translator, 

275- 

Mennonite  Church,  owns  a  copy  of 
the  Saur  BibK,  381,  382. 

Menonnnee,  prayer-book  in,  27,'>' 

Mexico,  early  ])rinting  in,  304; 
early  translation  of  portions  of 
Scripture  in,  305,  306;  editions 
of  the  Bible  issued  in,  307,  308, 
309.  310,  311,  394,  396,  433. 
437- 

Micmac,  St.  Matthew,  St.  Mark, 


St.  Luke,  and  St.  John  in,  319; 
the  I'ipistles  and  Revelation  in, 
319;  various  editions,  405,  451, 

452- 
Middlctown,  Conn.,  352,  434. 
Miller,  Rev.  l)aniel  L.,  owns  cop- 
'      ies  of  the  .Saur  liible,  381,  382. 
Millerite    Testament,    233;    price 

of,  44S. 
•  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  owns 
[      a  Saur  Bible,  382. 
I  Missioiiiiiy  J/tT(iU,   first   transla- 
!      tion  of  Scripture  into  C'herokee 

published  in,  278. 
Mohawk,    (leiiesis,    Ivvodus,    and 

I'salms  in,  280;  Isaiah  in,  287; 

St.  Matthew   in,   280,  285  ;   .St. 

Mark  in,  283,  284;  St.  J,uke 
I  in,  284,  2S1;;  St.  John  in,  284, 
I      287;   Acts  and  the   l'",]>istles  in, 

2S0,  285,  280 ;  Revelation  in, 
I      286;  various  editions,  380,  387, 

3^)?,y  395.   39^,   397.  400,  404. 

409,  4'o,  425,  426,  437.  43^. 
\      440;  prayer-books  in,  281,  282, 

[        283,   2S(>,   320. 

\  Montreal,  320,  400,  408,  444,  459. 

Moose  I'actory,  459. 
I  Moose  Fort,  40S. 

Morals,  LL.l).,  Rev.  S.,  edited  a 
'       Hebrew  Bible,  123. 

Morgan,  Jonathan,  transl.ator,  214, 
,      232,  35(>. 

Morgan,  J.  I'ierpont,  owns  an 
[  Kliot  liible,  20,  377  ;  ])rice  paid 
!      tor  I'Jiot  Bible  by,  3S0. 

Morristown,  X.  J.,  348,  416. 

Morse  Listitute,  owns  an  Eliot 
i       iiil'lc,  378. 

Mpwongwe,  St.  John  in,  450. 

Murdock,  I).  I).,  Rev.  James, 
translates  the  New  Tesuiment 
from  the  Syriac  I'eshito,  128; 
sketch  of,   r3i,  132. 

Murphy  Library  sale,  2S2,  2S3. 

Murray,  Archbishop,  edited  the 
Douay  Bible,  157. 

Xarv,  Rev.  James  C,  translator, 

•     150. 

X.ashville,  357,  457. 

National  Library  of  Mexico,  con- 


Index 


477 


tains    iincii-nt    manuscript   of  a 
portion  of  Scripture  in  the  Mex- 
ican lan^ua<;e,  ^od. 
National  l-ibrary  at    Paris,  owns 
copies  of  tlic  J'lliot  Uible,  376, 

Ncatjle,  John  !>.,  engraver,  247, 

24S. 
Ncllcs,  Kev.  Abraliani,  translator, 

.?20. 

Newark,  N.  J.,  34^- 
New  Jicrlin,  I'a.,  ,^92. 
Nuwherry    Library    of    Chicago, 

owns  a  Saur  liible,  3S1  ;   price 

paid  for  Saur  jiiblc  by,  383. 
New  lirunswick,  N.  J.,  347,  34S, 

3S8,  414. 
Newl)ury,  Vt.,  354. 
Newburyi)ort,    ^lass.,    361,   412, 

415,  422. 
Newconie,  Archbishop,  translator, 

418. 
New  ilchota,  394,  395,  431,  435. 
New  Knglanil  I'salter,  410. 
New    Hampshire,    early   i)rinting 

i",  354- 
New    l!am])shire    liible    Society, 

organization  of,  261. 
New  Ilave.i,   349,  390,  411,  412, 

413,   418,   419,   425,   435,  441, 

412. 
New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  355i  424- 
New  Jersey  liible  Society,  organ- 
ized, 261. 
New   London,    Conn.,   348,   349, 

388,  413,  445. 
New  Testament,  as    revised   and 

corrected    by   the    Spirits,  225, 

22() ;  i)rice  of,  460. 
Newlon,     I'isho]),    commentator, 

3S7. 

New  York,  99,  loi,  109,  iio,  ill, 

128,  132,  139,  140,    157,  163, 

164,  1(15,  i()6,  107,    l6g,  177, 

178,  180,  181,  193,    196,  202, 

204,  205,  206,  207,   208,  210, 

212,  213,  214,  215,   219,  225, 

235,  240.  241,  242,   245,  24(1, 

252,  2;;4,  256,  257,  282,  286, 

328,  329,  330,  331,  T,i2,  2>:^:•^^ 

587,  388,  389,  390,  391,   393, 


394.  395.  39^1.  397.  39S,  39<), 

400,  401,  402,  403,  404,  4(^5, 

40b,  407,  408,  409,  410,  411, 

412,  413,  414,  415,  41b,  417, 
418,  419,  420,  421,  422,  423, 
424,  425,  42b,  427,  428,  429, 
43".  431.  43^.  433.  434.  435. 
43''.  437.  43^.  439.  44".  44'. 
442,  443,  444,  445,  44b,  447, 
44S,  449,  450,  431,  452,  453, 

4S4.  455.  456.  457.  458.  459. 
4bo. 

New  \'ork  I'liblo  and  Prayer  IJook 
Society,  organized,  2bi. 

New  Vork  District  liible  Society, 
2S4. 

New  \  ork  lli>ti)rical  Society, 
owns  a  co[)y  of  the   VXwA  liible, 

378- 
New  York    House  of  Assend)ly, 

passes  resolutions  in   regard  to 

the      Self- Interpreting      liible, 

102. 
New    York    Missionary    Society, 

287,  288. 
New  York  State  Library,  owns  a 

copy  of  the  Kliot  Iiil)le,  378. 
Northamjiton,    Mass.,    362,    388, 

413.  415- 

North  Wrenthani,  Mass,  404. 

Norton,  Rev.  Andrews,  commen- 
tator, 45(). 

Nourse,  James,  edits  the  Para- 
graph liible,  180;  sketch  of,  181, 
182. 

Noyes,  George  R.,  translator,  360, 

394.  439.  445.  44<'i- 
O'C'allaghan,  quoted,  9,  152,  171, 

314.  350- 
Ogilvic,    Kev.    John,    translator, 

^282. 
Ojibwa,  translations  in,  395,  396, 

397.   39'*^.  4<JO.   401,   404.  440, 

444,  452,  456,  4bo. 
Omaha  ilialect,  translation  in,  302. 
(VMeara,    D.D.,    Rev.    Frederick 

A.,  translator,  318. 
Onasakenral,    Joseph,    translator, 

320. 
(irtoii,    Rev,    Job,    commentator, 

361. 


478 


Index. 


OstcrvaUl,  Rev,  J.  F,,  commenta- 
tor, 205,  206. 

Osunkhirhinc,  Pierre  I'aul,  trans- 
lator, 31C),  320. 

Ottawa,  translations  in,  275,  397, 
3i)y,  400,  442,  444- 

Owen,  D.I).,  K^  v.  John,  com- 
mentator, 417. 

Pahlos,  Juan,  early  printer  of 
Mexico,  304. 

Packard  &  V'an  Henthuysen,  271, 

Paine,  Nathaniel,  made  a  list  of 
owners  of  Kliot  Hihles,  17. 

Paltrey,  John  («.,  edits  the  New 
Testament,  342. 

Paragraph   IJiUlc,    180,    181,    182, 

43^  437.,45>- 

Parajjraph  Testament,  179,  180, 
184,  430,  436,  438. 

Parker,  (i.,  engraver,  254. 

Park  Hill,  397,  398,  399," 400,  401, 
402,  403,  404,  405,  406,  407, 
440,  442,  443,  444,  446,  447, 
448,  451,  452,  453,  455,   457. 

Parthujore,  K.  W.  S.,  owns  a  Saur 
Hihle,  381. 

Patrick,      Hishop,     commentator, 

445- 

Patton,  Rev.  William,  commenta- 
tor, 171,  208. 

Peltun,  Oliver,  engraver,  254,  255. 

Pennsylvania  Hil)le  Society,  260. 

Pennsylvania  Historical  Society, 
owns  a  copy  t  .'  the  Kliot  Hiiile, 
378 ;  owns  copies  of  the  Saur 
Hihle,  381,  3H2  ;  owns  a  copy  of 
the  Aitken  Hible,  384. 

Pennyi>acker,  LI. I).,  Hon.  Sam- 
uel \V.,  owns  copies  of  the  Saur 
Bible,  381,  382 ;  owns  an  Aitken 
Bible,  384. 

Perry,  D.D.,  Rt.  Rev.  W.  S., 
quoted,  324,  325. 

Peter,  Epistles  of  St.,  402,  438, 
447,  450.  453.  460. 

Philadelphi.a,  editions  printed  at, 
56,   59,  60,  72,  114,    121,    124, 

1.37.  13R.  139.  140,  152,  155. 
158,  161,  180,  181,  192,  200, 
203,   204,   206,  208,   209,   213, 


214,    219,    235:     z:<,%    247,    248, 

249,  25b,  257,  3<?''  324.  .125. 
326,  327,  387,  3^S,  389,  390, 

39 «.   392.  393.  .<94.  395.  39*'. 

397.  39^.  399.  400.  4">.  402, 
403.  404.  4t>5.  406,  407,  408, 
410,  411,  412,  413,  414,  415, 
416,  417,  418,  419,  420,  421, 
422,  423,  424,  425,  426,  427, 
428,  429,  430,  431,  432,  433, 
434.  435.  43<'.  437.  44°.  44 1. 
442,  443,  444.  445.  446.  447. 
448,  449,  450,  451,  452,  453. 

454.  455.  456,  457.  45X.  459-  . 

Philadelphia  i^ible  .Society,  organi- 
zation of,  260 ;  name  chiinged, 
260 ;  issues  the  first  stereotyped 
Bible  in  the  United  States,  192. 

Philemon,  Epistle  to,  396,  438, 
460. 

Philes,  George  P.,  owns  an  Aitken 
Bible,  384. 

Phonetic  Testament,  219,  220; 
jirice  of,  448. 

Pickering,  Dr.  John,  once  owned 
a  copy  of  the  ICliot  Testament, 

21. 

Pilgrim  Society  of  Plymouth,  owns 

a  copy  of  the  Eliot  Bible,  22, 

.378. 
Pilling,   James    C,   qnoted,    275, 

276,   277,   i»84,   288,   289,  296, 

300. 
Pittsburgh,    365,    392,    398,  425, 

433.  434.  441- . 
Poe,  Edgiir  A.,  indorses  a  Greek 

publication,  140. 
Polyglot  lUble,  209,  2 ID,  390,  391, 

392,  396,   399.  401,  43*'.  43"^. 

441,  442,  445,  447. 
Polyglot  Testament,  441. 
Polymicrian  Testament,  138,  139, 

398,  399.  402,  403,  404,  405, 
406,  441,  442,  444,  446,  447, 
448,  451,  454,  455. 

Pond,  Gideon  H.,  translator,  298. 
Pope  Pius  IX.,  letters  from,  166. 
Portland,  Me..  214,232,356,448. 
.Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  388,  413. 
Portuguese  Bible,  449,  457. 
Portuguese  Testament,  441. 


\^: 


Index, 


479 


Pottawotomi,  translations  in,  275. 
Power,  Kcv.  Jt)lin,  commentator, 

212. 
Pratt,  Col.  C.  W.,  library  of  the 

late,  contains  copy  of  an  liliot 

J{il)le,  379. 
Prayer-hook,  281,  282,  283,  286, 

287.  303.  315.  320.  3«('.  387. 
40C),  410,  411,  418,  420,  425. 

Prince  of  Oran^je,  once  owiieil  a 
copy  of  tlie  I'^liot  'i'estament,  20. 
Princeton,  180,  181. 
Prommnciny  Hible,  188,  428,  429, 

454- 
Pronouncing  Testament,  186,  1 

427,  428,  431,  438. 
Proverbs,  235,  387,  402,  404,  410, 

411,  446,  447,  451,  459. 
Providence,  35b,  427. 
Psalms,  364,  387,  388,  390,  391, 

393.  394,  398,  399.  402,  404, 
406,  407,  409,  410,  411,  412, 
413,  417,  418,  420,  421,  422, 
423,  429,  430,  433,  440,  442, 

445.  44^,  449.  452,  455.  457. 
458,  4bo. 

Psalterium  Aniericanum,  336 ; 
price  of,  409. 

Putnam,  C.  II.,  commentator,  214. 

Pyrliviis,  Rev.  Johann  C,  trans- 
'lator,  283. 

Quaritch,  Hernard,  16,  306. 

(^)uebec,  320,  387,  410,  446. 

Ramirez,  Don  Jose  Fernando, 
Mexican  manuscript  in  the  li- 
brary of  the  late,  305. 

Rand,  Rev.   Silas  T.,  translator, 

3'^.  319- 
Rayner,   Rev.   Menzies,  edited  a 

catechism  of  the  Bilile,  350. 
Reading,  Pa.,  49,  150,  416. 
Renville,  Joseph,  translator,  297. 
Revelation,    390,    394,    395,    396, 

397,  400,   401,  402,  403,  404, 

408,  417,   419,  435,  438,  439, 

443.  444.   450.  453- 

Reynolds,  D.D.,  Rev.  Edward, 
presented  a  copy  of  the  Eliot 
Testament,  5. 

Reynolds,  D.D.,  Rev.  John,  trans- 
lator, 156. 


Rheims  Testament,  416,  419,  433, 
424,  428,  430,  432,  434,  441, 
442.  449.  450.  45 «.  454.  457. 
45«- 

Richmond,  358,  389,  414. 

Right-.Vim   Hible,  222 ;  price  of, 

43<'- 

Right-.\im  Testament,  436. 

Rind,  William,  early  printer  of 
Virginia,  89. 

Robertson,  Ann  E.  W.,  transla- 
tor, 29b. 

Rol)inson,  1 ).!).,  Kev.  lulward, 
e(lited    the    (ireek    Testament, 

Riiclicster,  X.  V.,  448,  453. 
Rollinson,  William,  engraver,  239, 

240. 
Romans,  389,  400,  403,  404,  405, 

40b,  407,  444,  452,  454,  459. 
Rowley,  Abraham,  writer  on  Job, 

212. 
Ruland,  Dr.  C,  letter  quoted,  40. 
Rumpeler,   Rev.   C;al)riel,  edits  a 

(lerman  Hil)le,  164,  165. 
Rui)persburg,     Dr.,    Saur    Bible 

given  to,  37. 
Rushow,    James,    owns    a    Saur 

Bible,  183. 
Ryle,    D.D.,   Rev.    J.    C,    com- 
mentator, 460. 
Sacred   Writings,    395 :   price  of, 

434- 

Salem,  N.  Y.,  364,  417. 

Samuel,  Books  of,  450. 

Sanbornton,  N.  II.,  396,  437. 

Saratoga  Springs,  435. 

Sartain,  John,  engraver,  25b. 

Saur,  Catharine,  rescues  ten  copies 
of  the  Saur  Bible,  47. 

Saur,  Christopher,  early  life  of, 
24;  imi)orts  Bibles,  25;  sets  up 
a  press,  2b;  prints  the  first 
German  almanac,  2b,  27 ;  an- 
ecdote of,  27 ;  publishes  the 
first  Cierman  hymn-book  in 
America,  27,  28;  issues  Pro- 
posal  for  a  Bible,  28,  29;  re- 
ceives a  font  of  type  from  Dr. 
Luther,  29,  30 ;  Bible  appears, 
30 ;  sends  twelves  copies  to  Dr. 


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Index. 


Luther  in  Germany,  33,  34,  35, 
36,  37.  38,  39.  40,  41 ;  h's  dis- 
couragements, 42,  43;  his  gen- 
erosity to  the  poor,  43 ;  his 
(leath,  44. 

Saur,  Christopher,  the  second, 
succeeds  his  father,  44;  issues 
second  edition  of  the  German 
Bible,  44,  45  ;  issues  the  third, 
46;  leaves  Germantown,  47; 
his  death,  47. 

Saur,  Christopher,  the  third,  con- 
tinues the  business  of  his  father, 
48. 

Saur,  Samuel,  early  printer  of 
Baltimore,  152,  344. 

Saur  Bible,  prospectus  of,  28,  29 ; 
title-page,  30;  translation  and 
collation,  31 ;  preface,  31,  32, 
33  ;  presentation  copies,  33,  34, 

35.  36,  37.  38.  39.  40,  41.  42, 
and  price  of,  48 ;  second  edition 
issued,  44;  preface,  45,  46, 
and  price  of,  48  ;  third  edition, 
46,  47,  and  price  of,  48. 

Sawyer,  L.  A.,  translator,  458. 

Schoff,     Stephen    A.,    engraver, 

255- 
Schoolcraft,    LL.D.,    Henry   R., 

translator,  272 ;  once  owned  an 

Eliot  Bible,  21. 

Schott,  Dr.  T.,  letter  from,  36. 

Scott,  D.D.,  Rev.  Thomas,  com- 
mentator, 200,  201,  202. 

Scott's  Family  Bible,  200,  201, 
202,  416,  419,  420,  421,  422, 
423,  425,  430,  433,  438. 

Seabury,  1).  D.,  Rt.  Rev.  Samuel, 
translator,  230,  231. 

Self-Interpreting  Bible,  first  edi- 
tion, 102,  103,  104,  105,  106, 
107,  108,  109;  price  of,  412; 
other  editions,  no,  in,  112, 
416,  426,  427,  429,  435,  459. 

Sellon,  Rev.  Mr.,  edits  an  abridged 
Bible,  351. 

Seneca,  I.ord's  Prayer  in,  287; 
St.  Matthew,  St.  Luke,  and  St. 
John  in,  287,  288,  289;  Four 
Gospels  in,  289 ;  various  edi- 
tions, 392,  426,  432. 


Septuagint,  Thomson's  translation 
of,  113,  114;  its  great  e.\cel- 
lence,  114,  115;  quotations 
from,  115,  116;  tribute  paid  it 
by  scholars,  119,  120,  12I ; 
price  of,  418. 

Sermons  by  the  bushel,  349. 

Seymour,    Joseph,   engraver,   13, 

243- 
Shawanoe,    translations    in,    274, 

275.  399.  438,  443- 
Shea,  John  G.,  quoted,  15,  158, 

161,  176,  177. 
Sheldon   Art   Museum,  owns  an 

Aitken  Bible,  384. 
Shepard,  Thomas,  received  an  In- 
dian Bible  from  John  Eliot,  21. 
Sherman,  Roger,  once  owned  an 

Aitken  Bible,  65. 
Shillaber,  W.  B.,  owns  an  Eliot 

Testament  and  Bil)le,  21,  377, 

379 ;  price  paid  for  Eliot  Bible 

by,  380. 
Short,  Thomas,   early  printer  of 

Connecticut,  348,  349. 
Shryock,    D.  W.,    owns   a  Saur 

Bible,  382. 
Smillie,  James,  engraver,  355,  356. 
Smillie,  James  D.,  engraver,  256. 
Smith,  Julia  E.,  translator,  234. 
Smith,  W.    H.,  owns  an  Aitken 

Bible,  384. 
Smuggled  Bibles,  218,  219. 
Snyder,  Mrs.  John,  owns  a  Saur 
I      Bible,  382. 

I  Some    Nutalile    Editions  :•  Testa- 
i      ments,  219,  220,  221,  222,  223, 
!      224,  225;  Bibles,  217,  218. 
Some  Notable  Title-pages :   Book 

of  Job,  212;  Testaments,   212, 

213,  214;  Bibles,  211. 
Somerset,  Pa.,  151,  421,  422. 
'  Song  of  Songs,  409. 
Sower,  Brook  W.,  early  printer  of 

Baltimore,  344. 
Spanish  Bibles,  394,  396,  428,  432, 

I      434.  4.SO.  455- 
Spanish  Testaments,  393, 426,427, 

I      437.  449- 

'  Springfield,  Mass.,  362,  401,  443. 

I  Stanford,  N.  Y.,  389. 


Index. 


481 


I 


State  Library  at  Harrisburg,  owns 
a  Saur  Bible,  381. 

StaufTer,  Abraham,  owns  a  Saur 
Bible,  382. 

Stebbing,  Rev.  Henry,  edited  the 
Diamond  Bible,  219. 

Stereotyped  Bible,  first  in  the 
United  States,  192,  193,  and 
price  of,  420 ;  first  from  Amer- 
ican-made plates,  193,  and  price 
of,  422 ;  first  quarto,  195,  196, 
and  price  of,  423 ;  first  folio, 
198,  and  price  of,  431. 

Stiles,  Rev.  Ezra,  once  owned  an 
Eliot  Bible,  21. 

Stolberg,  Prince,  once  owned  a 
Saur  Bible,  37. 

Stuart,    Rev.    M.,    commentator, 

395- 

Stuttgart,  Royal  Library  of,  owns 
copies  of  Eliot  Bible,  376,  378 ; 
owns  a  Saur  Bible,  380. 

Sumner,  Rev.  J.  B. ,  commentator, 
402. 

Swedenborgian  Bible,  221,  222; 
price  of,  439. 

Synopsis  of  the  Four  Evangel- 
ists, by  Charles  Thomson,  121 ; 
price  of,  423. 

Syracuse,  364,  452. 

Syriac  Peshito  translation,  vari- 
ous editions,  128;  Dr.  Mur- 
dock's  edition,  128,  129;  quota- 
tions from,  129,  130;  described, 
130,  131 ;  price  of,  449. 

Talley,  Rev.  A.,  translator,  291. 

Tanner,  Benjamin,  engraver,  242, 

243- 

Tanner,  John,  translator,  272. 

Thessalonians,  396,  438,  456,  457, 
460. 

Thomas,  Isaiah,  early  life,  74 ;  re- 
moves from  Boston,  75 ;  pub- 
lishes editions  of  the  Bible,  79  ; 
founder  of  the  American  Anti- 
quarian Society,  87 ;  his  patriot- 
ism, 87;  imprint  of,  133,  211, 

338. 
Thomas,  Jr.,  Isaiah,  publishes  first 

Greek  Testament,  133,  135. 
Thomas  Bible,  prospectus  of,  76, 


77i  78 ;  two  editions  of,  79 ;  <le- 
scribed,  79,  80,  81 ;  Address  in, 
82,  83,  84;  p.iragraphs  in,  84, 
85  ;  octavo  edition,  85,  86 ;  com- 
mon-school edition,  86. 

Thomas  Testament,  415. 

Thompson,   John   S.,   translator, 

345- 

Thompson,  F.  F.,  owns  an  Eliot 
Testament  and  Bible,  37b,  377 ; 
price  paid  for  an  Eliot  Testa- 
ment by,  379. 

Thomson,  Charles,  led  to  study 
Greek,  113;  issues  a  version  of 
the  Septuagint,  114;  quotations 
from,  115,  116;  his  birth  and 
life,  117;  his  patriotism  and  in- 
tegrity, 118;  estimates  of  his 
translation,  119,  120,  121 ;  is- 
sued "A  Synopsis  of  the  Four 
Evangelists,"  121. 

Thorndike,  Israel,  presents  a 
library  to  Harvard  University, 
18. 

Thornton,  Dr.  William,  con- 
structed a  phonetic  alphabet, 
219. 

Thumb  Bible,  217,  337;  price  of, 
410. 

Tiebout,  Cornelius,  engraver,  242. 

Toronto,  316,  318,  394,  404,  405, 
406,  431,  437,  449,  452,  455, 
460. 

Town  Library  at  Leicester,  owns 
an  Eliot  Testament,  376. 

Townsend,  Rev.  George,  edited 
New  Testament,  184. 

Trenton,  90,  95,  346,  347,  390, 
392,  411,  412,  419,  424. 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  owns 
a  copy  of  the  Eliot  Bil)le,  378. 

Trinity  College,  Dublin,  owns  an 
Eliot  Testament  and  Bible,  376. 

Trinity  College,  Hartford,  owns 
an  Eliot  Bible,  378. 

Troy,  Archbishop,  edits  Douay 
Bible,  157,  161. 

Troy,  N.  Y.,  445,  448,  454. 

Trumbull,  LL.D.,  J.  Hammond, 
owns  copies  of  the  Eliot  Bible, 
377,  379;  price  paid  for  Eliot 


4^2 


Index. 


t- 


Bible  by,  380;  quoted,  9,  10, 
236.  237,  270. 

Turner,  D.D.,  Rev.  S.  H.,  com- 
mentator, 459. 

Tuscumbia,  Ala.,  395. 

Tyng,  D.D.,  Rev.  S.  H.,  commen- 
tator, 456. 

Union  College,  owns  a  Saur  Bible, 
382. 

United  Congregational  Church  of 
Newport,  owns  an  Eliot  Bible, 

21,  377- 
University  Library  at  Cambridge, 

owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  376. 
University   Library  of   Copenha- 
gen, owns  an  Eliot  Bible,  378. 
University   Library   of  Glasgow, 

owns  an   Eliot  Testament  and 

Bible,  376,  378. 
University  of  South  Carolina,  owns 

an  Eliot  Bible,  378. 
University  of   Utrecht,   owns  an 

Eliot  Bible,  19,  378. 
University  of   Virginia,  owns  an 

Eliot  Bible,  377. 
Usher,  Archbishop,  table  compiled 

by,  207. 
Utica,    163,   237,  291,  364,  392, 

395,  426,  427,  429,  432,  433, 

434- 

Vanderbilt,  Cornelius,  owns  an 
Eliot  Bible,  21,  379;  price  paid 
for  an  Eliot  Bible  by,  380. 

Van  der  Hooght,  author  of  preface 
to  a  Hebrew  Bible,  123. 

Vermont,  early  printing  in,  352. 

Vining,  E.  P.,  owns  an  Eliot 
Bible,  377. 

Wakefield,  Gilbert,  translator, 
360. 

Walpole,  N.  H.,  354,  422. 

Walsh,  Rev.  P.,  edits  Douay 
Bible,  157. 

Wanger,  George  P.,  owns  copies 
of  the  Saur  Bible,  381,  382,  383. 

Washington,  D.  C,  357,  454. 

Washington,  George,  his  opinion 
of  Isaiah  Thomas,  87;  sub- 
scribes for  the  Self-Interpreting 
Bible,  109 ;  and  RoUinson,  239, 
240. 


Watts,  John,  edits  Greek  Test 

ment,  134. 
Weathersfield,  Vt.,  352. 
Webster,  Charles  R.  and  Georg< 

216,  362. 
Webster,   LL.D.,   Noah,  opinio 

by  others  of  his  Bible,  147,  148 

disappointed   at    the    receptio 

given  his  version,  148. 
Webster  Amended  Bible,  prefac 

of,    141,    142,    143,    144,    145 

quotations  from,  145,  146,  147 

price  of,  435. 
Weimar,    Grand   Ducal   Museuil 

at,  owns  a  presentation  copy^( 

the  Saur  Bible,  39,  40,  380.  <v 
Welsh  Testament,  454. 
Werners,   A.   S.,   owns  an    Eliq 

Testament,  376. 
Wernigerode,   Library   of   Princ 

Stolberg  at,  owns  an  Eliot  Bible 

378 ;  owns  a  presentation  cop 

of  the  Saur  Bible,  37,  380. 
West  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  460. 
Westminster,  Vt.,  early  printin| 

at,  352. 
Weston,  Rev.  Henry  G.,  his  opini 

ion   of   Thomson's  translation 

120,  121. 
Weyrauchs  Hugel,  27;  price  of 

28. 
Wilbur,  Hervey,  edits  Referenct 

Bible,  340. 
William  VIII.,  received  a  copy  o 

the  Saur  Bible,  37;  sketch  of, 

37.  38. 
Williams,    Rev.    Eleazer,    trans 

lator,  286,  287. 
Williams,  Rev.  William,  cares  foi 

an  Eliot  Bible  during  war,  19. 
Williamson,  M.D.,  Rev.  Thomas 

S.,   translator,   297,  298,   299; 

sketch  of,  300,  301. 
Wilmington,  Del.,  348,  388,  390, 

391,  392,  413,  414.  415.  416, 

420,  421,  425. 
Wilson,  Lea,  disposes  of  an  his. 

toric  Aitken  Bible,  63. 
Wilson,  Dr.  P.,  edits  Greek  Tes- 
tament, 136. 
Winchester,  Va.,  392,  425. 


Index. 


483 


Wimlsor,  Vt.,  352,  353,  389,  420, 

424,429,  43'»450- 
Winthrup,  Judge,  translator,  337. 
Withani,  Kev.  Dr.,  edits  Rheiins 

Testament,  156. 
Witherspoon,    Rev.    Dr.,    writes 

address  for  Collins  Hihle,  95,  96, 

97.  98. 
Wolfenhlittel,   Ducal    Library   at, 

owns  a  Saur  Uihle,  34,  380. 
Woodhridge,  N.  J.,  early  printing 

at,  346. 
WoodruflF,    He/okiali,    translator, 

Woodstock, \  t.,  210,  354, 429,  438 

Worcester,    Mass.,  X5,    86,    133, 

T84,  211,   389,  411,   412,  413, 

414,  415.  4>7- 
Worcester,  D.D.,  Rev.  Samuel  A., 

translator,  278,  279;  sketch  of, 

280. 
Wright,    Rev.   Alfred,  translator, 

290,  291,  292,  293;  sketch  of, 

294. 
Wright,    Rev.    Allen,    translator, 

294,  295. 
Wright,    Rev.    .\sher,   translator, 

289 ;  sketch  of,  "SS,  289. 


Wright,  D.D.,  Rev.  John,  owns 
copies  of  the  Saur  Kible,  381, 
382  ;  owns  an  Aitken  Hible,  384 ; 
price  paid  for  Aitken  Bible  by, 

384. 

Wright,  D.D.,  Rev.  Paul,  edits 
Family  Uible,  208. 

Yale  College,  owns  an  Kliot  Bible, 
•9>  378;  owns  a  Saur  Bible, 
381. 

York,  316,  394,  395,  433,  435. 

York  Factory,  315,  403,  40b. 

Young,  Rev.  Kgerton  R.,  explains 
the  syllabic  characters  invented 
for  the  Cree  Indians,  317. 

Young,  J.,  translator,  288. 

Young  Men's  Bible  Society,  or- 
ganization of,  261. 

Yungmann,  Clottlob,  early  German 
printer,  49,  149,  153. 

Zealand  Academy  of  Science,  owns 
an  Kliot  Bible,  377. 

Zeisberger,  Rev.  David,  trans- 
lator, 274. 

Zephyrin,  Father,  translator,  275. 

Zumarraga,  Fray  Juan  de,  author 
of  an  jarly  Mexican  publication, 
304.  305- 


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